电子束预辐照聚丙烯接枝丙烯酸和丙烯腈的研究

研究了以电子束辐照预处理聚丙烯(PP)无纺布接枝丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯腈(AN)，AA与AN的共接枝的最佳反应条件是：辐照剂量为200kGy，反应温度为75℃，反应4h，添加剂用硫酸约0．05moL／L，摩尔盐为0．08％，且单体比例为40／60、浓度为50％，同时也探讨了阻聚剂[（NI-h)2Fe(SO4)2]对反应接枝率的影响。FT-IR结果反映了单体浓度变化时总接枝率的变化情况，单体比例对总接枝率的影响与其单体自身的稳定性有关，但总接枝率在所给定的单体浓度范围内一直增大。     

微晶纤维素预辐照接枝丙烯酰胺

利用60Coγ辐射,以预辐照接枝技术制备出纤维素-丙烯酰胺接枝共聚物。研究了各种反应条件对丙烯酰胺接枝率和单体利用率的影响规律,利用傅里叶红外光谱对接枝产物进行了表征。结果表明,当反应时间3 h,辐照剂量35 kGy,反应温度40℃,微晶纤维素(Microcrystalline cellulose,MCC)与接枝丙烯酰胺(Acrylamide,AM)质量配比为0.5∶1,六水合硫酸亚铁铵(阻聚剂)添加量为AM质量的0.01%,AM单体浓度为5%时,可得到接枝率和单体利用率均达65%以上的接枝产物。     

伽玛射线辐照接枝对杨树木材力学性能的影响

摘要常温常压下用甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）对速生杨树木材进行浸渍处理,采用^60Coγ射线对其进行辐照接枝改性,考察浸渍时间和吸收剂量对杨树木材主要力学性能的影响,并采用扫描电镜观察接枝前后试材切面的变化。试验结果表明：当浸渍时间为48h,吸收剂量为20kCy时,其顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量较素材分别提高了72．3％、72％和42．5％。经过辐照处理后的杨树木材细胞壁被大量聚合物填充,并形成了明显的颗粒状聚合物,其力学性能有较大程度提高。     

聚氟乙烯-苯乙烯共辐照接枝反应的研究

用~(60)Co-γ射线共辐照法作了聚氟乙烯薄膜-苯乙烯的辐射接枝共聚合反应,研究了单体浓度、辐照剂量率、温度及薄膜厚度与接枝共聚反应速度的关系。在实验条件下,接枝共聚反应速度分别与单体浓度、辐照剂量率及薄膜厚度的2.5、0和-1次方相关联。接枝共聚反应的总活化能为141 8kJ/mol。     

SBS辐射接枝共聚研究(II):线型SBS液固相辐射接枝MAA

利用γ射线辐射接枝法制备苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene,SBS)粉体接枝甲基丙烯酸(MAA)聚合物,讨论了单体浓度、辐照剂量、气氛及辐照状态等因素对接枝率的影响,并采用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、动态剪切流变(DSR)等分析手段对接枝聚合物进行了表征。研究结果表明,平均粒径为0.2mm的线型SBS粉体在辐照剂量为12kGy、剂量率为0.75kGy/h、MAA/SBS的质量比为0.6时,可获得最大接枝率。FTIR谱出现1705cm-1处羰基的吸收峰证实了接枝聚合物的存在,分子量分布测定表明SBS?g?MAA聚合物的分子量分布变宽,动态剪切流变中接枝聚合物的粘度增大,表明单体在SBS链上有接枝链的增长;热分析曲线中聚苯乙烯嵌段的玻璃化转变温度升高,损耗因子转折温度升高,都说明单体MAA对PS嵌段的影响较大。     

羊毛辐射接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油脂研究

对甲醇溶液中甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油脂在羊毛纤维上的γ射线辐射接枝反应作了系统研究。考察了气氛、剂量、剂量率、单体浓度等实验条件对接枝反应的影响，发现气氛对接枝反应的影响很小，而接枝率随辐照剂量和单体浓度的增大而提高，接枝效率则随单体浓度的增大而减小。在剂量大于11kGy后接枝率达到平稳状态。用红外吸收谱仪(IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析发现单体均匀地接枝在羊毛上。     

SBS辐射接枝共聚研究(Ⅱ):线型SBS液固相辐射接枝MAA

利用γ射线辐射接枝法制备苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(Styrene—Butadiene—Styrene,SBS)粉体接枝甲基丙烯酸(MAA)聚合物,讨论了单体浓度、辐照剂量、气氛及辐照状态等因素对接枝率的影响,并采用傅立叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、扫描电镜(SEM)、动态剪切流变(DSR)等分析手段对接枝聚合物进行了表征。研究结果表明,平均粒径为0．2mm的线型SBS粉体在辐照剂量为12kGy、剂量率为0．75kGy／h、MAA／SBS的质量比为0．6时,可获得最大接枝率。FTIR谱出现1705cm^-1。处羰基的吸收峰证实了接枝聚合物的存在,分子量分布测定表明SBS-g-MAA聚合物的分子量分布变宽,动态剪切流变中接枝聚合物的粘度增大,表明单体在SBS链上有接枝链的增长;热分析曲线中聚苯乙烯嵌段的玻璃化转变温度升高,损耗因子转折温度升高,都说明单体MAA对PS嵌段的影响较大。     

蚕丝织物辐射接枝甲基丙烯酰胺改性研究

使用电子束和γ射线辐照的方法，在蚕丝纤维上接枝甲基丙烯酰胺。研究了浸渍化学单体方法、辐照和辐照工艺，以达到改善蚕丝织物性能的目的。     

预辐照聚丙烯无纺布共接枝丙烯腈和丙烯酸的研究

研究了在空气条件下丙烯腈和丙烯酸在预辐照聚丙烯无纺布上的共接枝反应,以及预辐照吸收剂量、接枝反应温度、反应时间、单体浓度及比例和摩尔盐浓度对接枝率的影响。结果表明,接枝的最佳条件为：反应温度75℃,反应时间4h,单体浓度50％。并对接枝前后的聚合物进行了红外光谱分析。     

辐射乳液聚合制备含氟整理剂

采用r射线辐照引发丙烯酸六氟丁酯和甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯进行乳液聚合,成功制备了具有防水防油功能的含氟织物整理荆。分别用傅立叶红外、动态光散射纳米粒度分析仪、透射电镜对产物化学组分、乳胶粒子尺寸和微观形貌进行了表征。研究了辐照剂量、乳化剂和单体种类对产品制备及性能的影响。结果表明,当辐照剂量为5kGy时,甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯的转化率达到98％,而丙烯酸六氟丁酯的转化率为76％;当剂量为10kGy时,丙烯酸六氟丁酯单体可聚合完全。经甲基丙烯酸十二氟庚酯聚合物乳液处理的织物表面拒水性能达到六级、拒油性能达到三级。     

Radiation-induced grafting of inorganic particles onto polymer backbone: A new method to design polymer-based nanocomposite

Polypropylene/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PP/POSS) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ radiation-induced grafting of POSS onto PP. Radiation-induced grafting of POSS was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy. The mechanical property of PP/POSS nanocomposites increased with the increase in POSS content and with the increase in absorption dose up to 5 kGy, above which it started to decrease. The reduction of mechanical property at high doses can be attributed to the chain scission of PP by radiation. The degree of reduction in decomposition temperature of irradiated PP/POSS nanocomposites was found to be much less than that of neat PP due to the covalent grafting of POSS onto PP by radiation.     

辐照对榨菜品质及其贮存效果的影响

以榨菜为试材,经去皮、切分、腌制、拌料、包装等加工步骤后,分为4组(吸收剂量分别为0(对照组),3、5、7 kGy(受照组))进行辐照杀菌处理。结果表明:总体而言,受照组榨菜的总酸、色泽、褐变度、杀菌效果等品质指标均优于对照组;随着吸收剂量的增加,贮存榨菜的总酸含量、褐变度、脆度均有所下降、杀菌效果有所增强、亚硝酸盐含量则有少量增加;当吸收剂量5 kGy,榨菜贮存56 d时,菌落总数约10~3 cfu/g,符合生产要求,亚硝酸盐含量为8.97 mg/kg、总酸含量为5.27 g/100g、褐变度为2.57、脆度为157.41 g·N,能较好地保持榨菜原有的色泽和品质,与对照组相比,榨菜的贮存期至少可延长28 d以上。     

Study of polypropylene/polybutene blends modified by gamma irradiation and (high melt strength polypropylene)/polybutene blends

It is well-known that polypropylene (PP) is difficult to process as a consequence of its linear structure. It is also known that grafting of long-chain branches on PP backbone using ionizing radiation is an effective approach to achieve high melt strength polypropylene (HMS PP). Chain-scission and, in minor extend, crosslinking and grafting are the predominant reaction in order to branch PP backbone. However, if multifunctional monomers are used to promote the grafting reaction, crosslinking can surpass chain scission and grafting, reducing drawability. Therefore, in an effort to enhance the processability and so the drawability, it has been found helpful to add a small amount of polybutene-1. Gamma irradiation technique was used to induce chemical changes in blends of PP and polybutene in acetylene atmosphere (crosslinker promoter) and in HMSPP/polybutene blends. The samples were irradiated with a ⁶⁰Co source with doses of 12.5 and 20 kGy in the presence of acetylene. In this work, two different methods of blends processing were compared regarding rheological and mechanical properties. Effects on the strength and elongation at the yield point and at rupture were observed by mechanical tests and showed decrease of tensile strength and increase of elongation at rupture for samples obtained by irradiation of blends. The results from rheology demonstrated an increase in melt strength and drawability of blends.     

乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)的辐射效应研究

用凝胶抽提、凝胶渗透色谱以及傅立叶变换红外光谱等方法研究了两种乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers,EVOH）本体和E151／甘油体系的室温辐射效应。在氮气保护下,试样在^60Co源中的吸收剂量最高达到1800kGy。结果显示,EVOH在室温下是一种十分难交联的聚合物。E151本体（乙烯醇摩尔分数56％）在吸收剂量达到800kGy时出现痕量凝胶,当吸收剂量增至1200kGy时,体系凝胶含量也只有5．9％。而F101本体（乙烯醇摩尔分数68％）在1800kGy才出现痕量凝胶。造成这两种EVOH的凝胶化剂量不同的原因是乙烯醇基含量不同。EVOH在辐照过程会产生共轭双键,其含量在辐照初期随吸收剂量的增加而增大,达到最大值后随吸收剂量的增加而减少。双键的存在促使EVOH产生了交联。加入增塑剂甘油后,体系在800kGy以前与本体一样无凝胶,而在800kGy之后凝胶含量随着吸收剂量的增大而增大,且比本体E151的凝胶含量值大。     

闪烁体／光纤量能器的结构,材料和抗辐照能力

描述了闪烁体／光纤的不同结构和材料对量能器抗辐照能力的影响。用北京正负电子对撞机将～１ＧｅＶ电子束对五个量能器模型逐步辐照到１０ｋＧｙ或６０ｋＧｙ。通过对不同累积辐照剂量时各模型不同断面的光产额的测量，研究和比较了辐照引起的损伤及损伤后的恢复。     

SBS及~(60)Co辐照SBS改性沥青的制备

通过苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)含量、助溶剂类型及用量、加工温度、加工时间、辐照剂量率和辐照剂量条件优化实验,对SBS改性沥青制备方法、60 Co辐照SBS制备方法及辐照SBS改性沥青制备方法进行研究;通过对改性沥青结合料制品各项性能指标测试,对制备方法进行评价。实验结果表明,质量分数为15%~20%的SBS,质量分数为15%~30%的助溶剂,混匀后在100~165℃下,100~200r/min机械搅拌20~30min,升温至180~210℃,100~200r/min机械搅拌90~140min,或120~160℃下,100~200r/min机械搅拌80~100min,制得的SBS改性沥青结合料性能较好;60 Co 0.75kGy/h剂量率、30kGy剂量、真空辐照的辐照SBS改性沥青结合料性能较好。     

Beneficial effect of gamma irradiation on the N-deacetylation of chitin to form chitosan

The effect of gamma irradiation on the N-deacetylation of chitin to form chitosan was studied. Chitin from crab shells was irradiated up to 20 kGy and N-deacetylated in aqueous NaOH solution (40% and 60% w/w) at 60 and 100 °C for 60 min. The degree of N-deacetylation (DD) of non-irradiated and irradiated samples was determined by IR-band ratio method. It was found that higher extent of N-deacetylation was achieved for the chitin samples irradiated up to 20 kGy doses as compared to non-irradiated chitin. The DD values of chitin, prepared from non-irradiated and 20 kGy irradiated chitins by N-deacetylation at 60 °C with 40% NaOH for 60 min, were found to be 38% and 60%, respectively. The increase in DD by irradiation was interpreted as a result of reduction in molecular weight of chitin. Low dose irradiation of chitin has provided the possibility of its N-deacetylation into chitosan at much milder reaction conditions.     

Effect of 1.25 MeV gamma irradiation in α-phased PVDF

The radiation induced changes taking place in α-phased poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films exposed to gamma rays were investigated in correlation with the applied doses. Samples were irradiated in vacuum at room temperature by a 1.25 MeV Co⁶⁰ source with the doses in the range of 0–300 kGy. Optical and chemical properties of the irradiated as well as un-irradiated PVDF films were studied using UV–visible and FTIR techniques. Gamma irradiation was found to induce changes vary depending on the radiation dose.     

舒肝丸辐照灭菌剂量的设定及辐照后其对大鼠肝功能的评价试验

探索舒肝丸辐照灭菌剂量,及辐照后其对大鼠肝功能的影响,为辐照灭菌舒肝丸的临床安全应用提供实验依据。测定舒肝丸初始污染菌,经钴源辐照灭菌后,测定D10值及SD;用辐照灭菌后的舒肝丸对大鼠进行灌胃给药,测定大鼠血液生化指标,观察辐照的舒肝丸对大鼠生化指标的影响。本次实验舒肝丸初始污染菌范围在50-1800 CFU/g,D10值为1.81 kGy,经计算辐照灭菌剂量为11.322 kGy,确定灭菌保证水平为10-3,辐照后的舒肝丸对实验大鼠肝功能指标无明显损害作用。舒肝丸辐照灭菌剂量为11.322 kGy,经12 kGy辐照后的舒肝丸对实验大鼠肝功能指标无明显损害作用。