高硅钢薄板退火过程中的织构演变

采用传统的轧制和退火工艺制备了0.30mm厚的6.5%（质量分数）Si高硅电工钢薄板,采用X射线衍射技术对退火过程中的再结晶织构进行了研究。冷轧高硅钢薄板700℃退火形成以{111}〈112〉为峰值的γ织构（〈111〉∥ND）和以{001}〈210〉为峰值的{001}织构;而900℃以上温度退火则形成强{001}〈210〉织构。进一步的研究表明是在晶粒长大过程中{001}〈210〉发展成为主要再结晶织构组分。     

杂质原子在面心立方晶体中诱发的成对挛晶

为研究杂质原子在面心立方晶体内诱发的孪晶,采用刚性球模型进行计算研究。计算结果表明,当杂质元素的原子半径与晶体的原子半径之比约为1．65时,如果杂质原子吸附在面心立方晶体的{111}晶面上时,将可能在该{111}面上的某个[112]晶向上及与该{111}面的该[112]晶向成109．5。的另一个{111}面上的某个[112]方向上同时诱发挛晶,即诱发成对的挛晶,而不是仅仅在原来的{111}晶面上诱发一处孪晶．杂质原子诱发成对孪晶及单孪晶的的可能性各为50％．     

冷轧Al_(0.3)CoCrFeNi高熵合金退火再结晶组织和织构的演变

利用维氏硬度计(HV)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)和透射电镜(TEM),研究了90%冷轧Al0.3CoCrFeNi高熵合金在900℃退火过程中的微观组织和织构演变规律。结果表明:退火0.5h合金发生完全再结晶,退火孪晶形成于再结晶面心立方(FCC)晶粒内;经退火1h后,富集Al-Ni原子的有序体心立方(BCC)相优先于FCC相的晶界处形核,且FCC相和BCC相均随着退火时间(1h~10h)的延长而发生晶粒长大。再结晶FCC相的织构组分主要为强{123},〈634〉S织构和强α-{110}纤维织构,{001}〈100〉立方织构随着退火时间的延长也逐渐转化为强织构;再结晶过程的进行使无择优取向的初始BCC晶核选择性长大,{111}〈112〉织构从而演变为强BCC相织构。     

低碳Cr-Mo系深冲双相钢组织与织构演变

通过组织观察以及TEM与XRD技术研究了低碳Cr-Mo系深冲双相钢组织与织构演变规律。结果表明:奥氏体未再结晶区终轧有利于形成{112}〈111〉织构,冷轧过程中{001}〈110〉,{112}〈110〉与{223}〈110〉织构稳定增加,退火过程中形成有利于深冲性能的〈111〉//ND以及{554}〈225〉与{332}〈113〉织构;820℃与860℃临界区退火后γ纤维织构密度差异较小,但是高温退火增大{111}〈110〉与{111}〈112〉织构的取向密度差值,归因于贝氏体中的固溶碳以及贝氏体相变时的变体选择;高温卷取能诱发热轧板中Mo基碳化物粒子析出,并在退火保温过程中回溶,既能发展再结晶织构,又能促进第二相形成。     

铝硅合金中共晶硅的变质机理:杂质诱发共生成对孪晶

为探讨铝硅合金中共晶硅的变质机理,根据杂质诱发共生成对孪晶的理论,对共晶硅的变质机理进行了分析.结果表明:杂质原子诱发的共生成对孪晶之一使得共晶硅在平行于{111}晶面的方向以TPRE的机制生长,而共生成对孪晶中的另一处与原{111}晶面夹角为109.5°的孪晶,则使得共晶硅垂直于{111}晶面方向的生长也按照TPRE机制进行;共生成对孪晶大大加快了共晶硅垂直于{111}晶面方向的生长,并大大降低{111}晶面厚度方向的生长速度与平行于{111}晶面的生长速度的差异,从根本上改变了共晶硅生长时的各向异性特点,使得共晶硅以各向同性方式生长,最终长成纤维状.     

无取向硅钢晶粒长大过程中应力对织构和晶界变化的影响

采用EBSD技术研究了有、无拉应力作用下无取向硅钢在晶粒长大过程中织构转变及晶界变化的规律。结果表明:在晶粒生长期间,无应力作用下的硅钢中,{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉织构组分强化,而{100}〈001〉织构组分弱化;与无拉应力作用下的情况相比,施加5MPa的拉应力时,{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉织构组分强化的速率下降,{100}〈001〉织构组分变化不明显。对于在晶粒生长期间持续变化的{111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉和{100}〈001〉织构组分而言,虽然有、无拉应力作用下硅钢的{111}〈112〉和{111}〈110〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率均下降,而{100}〈001〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率则上升,但当有拉应力作用后,{111}〈112〉和{111}〈110〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率下降的速率变小,{100}〈001〉织构组分的高取向差角度晶界频率上升的速率稍有变小。通过对无取向硅钢在晶粒长大过程中织构转变及晶界变化规律的研究,分析了合金原子在晶界的偏聚行为。     

EBSD Investigation on Oriented Nucleation in IF Steels

The mechanism responsible for the formation of recrystallization texture in cold-rolled Ti bearing interstitial free （IF） steel sheets was investigated using electron back-scatter diffraction （EBSD）. In addition, the origin of nuclei with specific orientations was studied. The formation of recrystallization texture was explained by oriented nucleation. Most nuclei have a high misorientation angle of 25-55° with the surrounding deformed matrices, but no specific orientation of misorientation axis between the nucleus and the surrounding deformed matrix is observed. The stored energy of deformed grains is in the decreasing order of the {111}〈112〉,{111}〈110〉, {112}〈110〉 and {001}〈110〉 orientations. New {111}〈110〉 grains are nucleated within deformed {111}〈112〉 grains and new {111}〈112〉 grains originate in the deformed {111}〈110〉 grains.     

薄规格取向硅钢中晶粒取向和尺寸对Goss晶粒异常长大的影响

利用EBSD技术统计了薄规格取向硅钢片中初次再结晶和二次再结晶前期组织中{411}〈148〉、{111}〈112〉、{100}〈025〉取向晶粒尺寸分布,分析了三种不同取向的晶粒对Goss晶粒异常长大的影响。结果表明:初次再结晶组织中不同的取向晶粒对应的平均晶粒尺寸(d)存在差异,{411}〈148〉取向晶粒的平均尺寸最大,其次为{100}〈025〉取向晶粒,{111}〈112〉取向晶粒的平均尺寸最小。Goss取向晶粒异常长大的过程中优先吞噬{111}〈112〉取向晶粒,其次是{411}〈148〉取向晶粒,最后是近{100}〈025〉取向晶粒和近黄铜取向晶粒。{111}〈112〉、{411}〈148〉取向晶粒对Goss取向晶粒异常长大的影响主要体现在二次再结晶的前期。因此,可以推断取向硅钢中最终残留的"岛晶"可能来源于近黄铜取向晶粒或近{100}〈025〉取向晶粒。     

Cu-Cr-Zr系合金变形过程中的织构分析

对Cu-Cr-Zr系合金铸锭进行热轧、固溶和冷轧,利用X射线衍射仪测试合金材料不同状态下的织构,分析各个状态下的织构种类及其演变规律.结果表明:热轧后材料中主要织构为Copper{112}〈111〉(C)织构、Brass{011}〈211〉(B)织构和S{123}〈634〉织构,存在微弱的立方织构{001}〈100〉;固溶后材料中织构的强度降低,立方织构消失;冷轧后材料中织构的强度随着变形量的增加而强度增加,冷轧过程中主要织构也是C织构、B织构和S织构,在冷轧初期出现Goss{011}〈100〉(G)织构,随后G织构慢慢减弱,直至消失.     

GH4169合金楔横轧加工过程中动态再结晶及织构演变

为研究GH4169合金楔横轧加工过程中动态再结晶及织构演变规律,采用金相显微镜(OM)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对30%,50%两种断面收缩率下GH4169合金楔横轧件表层与心部的微观组织、晶体取向及织构进行分析。结果表明:GH4169合金楔横轧加工过程中,随着动态再结晶的发生,晶体取向逐渐变得随机化分布;轧制表层大角度晶界数量较轧件心部多,轧件表层织构强度变化不大,心部织构强度明显增强;经过楔横轧变形后织构发生转动,原始态织构类型为{001}〈110〉,{111}〈110〉,{111}〈011〉,轧制后主要织构类型为{001}〈010〉,{112}〈110〉,{110}〈111〉,{110}〈112〉;GH4169合金楔横轧件动态再结晶及织构演变规律是由楔横轧特殊变形特点决定的。     

Characterization of phase transformations and shape memory behavior of Fe–27.79Mn–2.72Si (wt%) alloy by thermomechanical and thermal treatments

Magnetic properties and volume fraction of the phases of a Fe–27.79Mn–2.72Si (wt%) alloy have been investigated by Mössbauer spectroscopy. The microstructure has been investigated using transmission electron microscope, scattering electron microscope, and light optical microscope. The stress-induced martensitic transformation, shape memory behavior, and shape recovery processes have been studied through the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), tensile, and bending tests. The specimen was treated by the repetition of small amount of tensile deformations at room temperature, followed by a subsequent annealing at 600 °C at every cycle for bending and tensile tests. During the tensile tests, Vickers hardness values were determined for every step of thermomechanical treatments. At low deformation rate, the shape memory effect is almost complete Bergeon et al. (A242:87, 1998), so low deformation rate was studied in this work. Bending test was another thermomechanical training procedure to see the recovery rate for this investigation.     

Microtensile tests of mechanical properties of nanoporous Au thin films

The mechanical properties of nanoporous Au (NPG) thin films were investigated by uniaxial microtensile tests. Such mechanical parameters as Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and breaking strain were obtained from the recorded force–displacement curves. Through observations on the microstructure and fracture surface morphology of the samples after the tension tests by a scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and an optical microscope, we analyzed the physical mechanisms underlying the mechanical behavior of NPG thin films. It was found that the NPG films exhibit mechanical properties distinctly different from its bulk counterpart.     

The effect of microstructure on the mechanical properties of two-phase titanium alloys

This article presents the results of investigations of microstructure and mechanical properties of two-phase +β titanium alloys with different volume fraction of the β-phase. Microstructure of the specimens was examined using an optical microscope. Fracture surfaces were observed by SEM technique. The influence of the microstructure and phase composition on the mechanical properties of the alloys was studied. Static tensile tests, hardness tests and fatigue investigations were performed. It was noticed that the volume fraction and chemical composition of the β-phase has a significant effect on mechanical properties and cracking process during fatigue.     

X100级管线钢的动态塑性变形行为研究

采用原位拉伸扫描电镜试验对X100级管线钢的动态塑性形变行为进行观察,并运用EBSD微观取向分析技术对形变前后管体组织的取向变化进行分析。结果表明,X100级管线钢的微观组织由针状铁素体、粒状贝氏体和M/A岛组成。在拉伸应力的作用下针状铁素体首先发生形变,随着应变的增加,针状铁素体形变累积到一定程度后,导致粒状贝氏体发生形变。针状铁素体边界和贝氏体基体上的M/A组织钉扎位错使变形不易发生。由EBSD取向可知,晶体在发生形变后轧面的{110}晶面方向沿拉伸形变方向转动。由扫描电镜照片观察到,在外加应力作用下,夹杂物成为微裂纹形核核心并随着外加应力的增加而扩展,最后连接,导致裂纹贯穿基体直至失效。     

Effect of Thermal Cycling Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlNp/2024A1 Composite

The A1NP/2024 composite with a high volume fraction (50%) was fabricated by squeeze casting. Its mechanical properties were investigated by tensile tests at ambient temperature and the microstructure was observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was indicated that after six thermal cooling cycles treatment the AIN/2024Al composite exhibited higher elastic limit (ac.ol), tensile strength (UTS) and elastic modulus (E). TEM observation showed that there was higher dislocation density both in the matrix and the particle. Δ’ phase is the mainly precipitate     

Effect of Thermal Cycling Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AlNp/2024Al Composite

The AlNp/2024 composite with a high volume fraction (50%) was fabricated by squeeze casting. Its mechanical properties were investigated by tensile tests at ambient temperature and the microstructure was observed by a transmission electron microscope (TEM). It was indicated that after six thermal cooling cycles treatment the AIN/2024Al composite exhibited higher elastic limit (σ0.01), tensile strength (UTS) and elastic modulus (E). TEM observation showed that there was higher dislocation density both in the matrix and the particle. δ′ phase is the mainly precipitate.     

Heat treatment effect on the microstructure,tensile properties and dry sliding wear behavior of A356–10%B4C cast composites

In present paper, an attempt was made to examine the influence of T6 heat treatment (solution treatment at 540 °C for 5 h, quenching in hot water and artificial aging at 170 °C for 8 h) on the microstructure, tensile properties and dry sliding wear behavior of A356–10%B₄C cast composites. The composite ingots were made by stir casting process. In this work, the matrix alloy and composite were characterized by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, tensile tests and conventional pin-on-disk experiment.     

强化固溶对含Sc超高强铝合金组织性能的影响

为了提高含Sc超高强Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的固溶程度,减少未溶结晶相的数量,用极差分析方法对强化固溶处理制度进行了优化.采用拉伸试验、金相和透射电镜分析、扫描电镜观察和能谱分析等方法研究了强化固溶对合金力学性能和组织的影响.结果表明,与常规固溶相比,强化固溶后合金的屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提高了28MPa和18MPa,合金的断口形貌呈现晶内韧窝与沿晶破裂的混合断裂,强化固溶后合金的力学性能有所改善,残余的第二相数量明显减少,η′析出相也更细小、弥散.     

搅拌摩擦加工制备羟基磷灰石增强镁复合材料的微观组织和力学性能

通过搅拌摩擦加工（Friction stir processing,FSP）制备了羟基磷灰石增强镁（HA/WE43）复合材料,研究了主轴转速对HA分布的影响及FSP加工前后材料微观组织和力学性能的变化。使用光学显微镜、SEM、TEM对该复合材料的显微组织进行了表征,同时对其显微硬度和室温拉伸性能进行了测试。结果表明:制得的HA/WE43复合材料晶粒尺寸相比于母材发生了显著的细化,加工过程中,HA颗粒的存在增强了FSP的晶粒细化作用;主轴转速较低时,HA/WE43复合材料中的HA团聚较严重,随着主轴转速的增加,HA的分布更加均匀,团聚现象得到改善;尽管局部团聚的HA颗粒会成为复合材料在拉伸变形过程中的裂纹源,但HA/WE43复合材料的极限抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率相对于母材仍有明显提高。      

Characterization of Failure Behavior of Brittle Matrix Composites; at Room and Elevated Temperatures

In this study, a systematic tensile testing scheme was carried out on specimens made of unidirectional Nicalon/CAS II ceramic matrix composite with 30% and 40% fiber volume fractions to characterize the tensile failure behavior of brittle matrix composites at room and elevated temperatures. The tests were conducted inside the chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Utilizing an innovative in-situ tensile testing technique (1), the whole damage history of the specimen under continuous tensile loading was monitored through SEM and hardcopies showing the continuous damage accumulations in the specimens were captured using a video processor through a computer equipped with an Imaging Advanced Frame Grabber (AFG) digital imaging analyzer system. Finally, an analytical model which incorporates the observed damage progression and is based on the microstructure of the composite was developed.