基于稳恒磁场环境下Sm-Fe-B GMF成膜及其性能测试与模拟

在施加不同磁场强度及方向的稳恒磁场环境中,采用离子束溅射沉积法,在玻璃衬底上制备SmFe-B超磁致伸缩薄膜(GMF)。使用LS-7010M-KC激光微位移传感器与交变梯度磁强计(AGM)分别测试薄膜悬臂梁磁偏转量与磁滞回线,以研究制备时施加稳恒磁场对薄膜磁致伸缩性能及软磁性能的影响。利用微磁学软件OOMMF,模拟研究了在外加相同实验磁场强度下,施加不同稳恒磁场强度对Sm-Fe-B薄膜磁矩分布的影响。实验研究结果表明,施加稳恒磁场下制备的薄膜样品,其饱和磁致伸缩性能明显优于无磁场环境所制备的样品;在实验条件下,薄膜样品的磁致伸缩性能随着施加稳恒磁场强度的增大而提高。模拟与实验研究结果均表明,Sm-Fe-B GMF的易磁化轴与沉积过程中所施加的稳恒磁场方向一致。在特定的悬臂梁结构应用中,薄膜沉积过程中通过改变施加不同稳恒磁场方向与其强度大小,可获得达到所需易磁化轴方向且具有较大磁偏转量的薄膜元件。     

应力对非晶超磁致伸缩薄膜形变影响的理论计算

分析材料磁化过程中引起磁致伸缩的机理,考虑应力对磁化过程的影响,通过将应力作用等效为磁场,并假设非晶超磁致伸缩薄膜的低场磁化为可逆过程,根据能量最低原理,建立了磁致伸缩薄膜形变与应力之间的关系,给出了表达式.     

基于磁化机理的超磁致伸缩执行器磁滞模型

通过分析超磁致伸缩材料磁畴在外加磁场作用下的运动规律,建立了超磁致伸缩执行器基于磁化机理的磁滞模型。该模型结合执行器的工作条件,充分考虑了材料的非线性和滞回特性。模型包括磁致伸缩和磁化两个子模型,磁致伸缩模型描述了材料应变λ跟磁化强度M之间的关系;磁化模型描述了有效磁场Heff、无磁滞磁化Man、可逆磁化Mrev、不可逆磁化Mirr、总磁化强度M之间的关系。通过对实验测试结果进行分析,验证了模型能准确描述输入电流I与输出应变λ之间的关系。     

基片倾斜角度对TbFe薄膜磁致伸缩性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射法制备了非晶态 TbFe磁致伸缩薄膜,通过基片的倾斜安装研究了基片倾斜角度对TbFe薄膜磁致伸缩性能的影响。结果表明:随着基片倾斜角度的增大 TbFe薄膜的磁致伸缩系数增大,在外加磁场110kA·m-1下基片倾斜角度为 60°时薄膜磁致伸缩系数达到最大值 1.02×10-4,并且随着基片倾斜角度的增大 TbFe薄膜的易磁化方向由垂直膜面方向逐渐转向平行膜面方向。这是由于倾斜基片溅射形成的倾斜的薄膜柱状微结构产生的形状各向异性引起的。     

超磁致伸缩薄膜执行器的模型建立

超磁致伸缩材料的研究已有几十年的历史,其制备工艺已比较成熟,并己实现了工业化生产及应用,但超磁致伸缩薄膜器件的理论建模及计算机模拟研究却鲜见报道,因此有必要开展磁致伸缩薄膜的计算机模拟工作,建立物理机制清晰、可应用于工程实际的数学模型,从而为薄膜器件的实际应用提供理论指导.建立了超磁致伸缩薄膜的磁-机械强耦合模型,并且进行了理论推导,应用无单元Galerkin方法进行数值计算,并与实验值进行比较,对模型的正确性进行了验证.     

弛豫对低场下的薄膜磁致伸缩性能影响模型

基于非晶合金结构微缺陷的Egami模型，本文提出了一个弛豫影响低场下的磁致伸缩性能模型。在此模型中，低磁场下的磁化和磁致伸缩乃是180℃磁畴的壁移磁化过程将被非晶的结构微缺陷所钉扎，而在较高磁场情况下，不产生磁致伸缩的壁移磁化过程被启动。退火过程将发生非晶相的结构弛豫，使非晶相内由结构缺陷产生的应力降低，从而导致低磁场下的磁致伸缩得以提高。此模型可以很好地解释各工艺状态的Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe2薄膜低场下的磁致伸缩行为。     

超磁致伸缩材料ΔE效应理论建模与试验研究

为研究超磁致伸缩材料的ΔE效应,采用Jiles-Atherton模型和磁弹性效应相结合的方法,提出了一种考虑动态应力影响及系数变化的磁化模型。分别对磁场和应力作用下超磁致伸缩材料的磁场-磁化关系和应力-磁化关系进行建模,并根据胡克定律以及二次畴转模型计算出材料在应力和磁场综合作用下的总应变,得到不同外加磁场下材料的应变-应力环。通过对应变-应力曲线斜率的计算,得到超磁致伸缩材料在不同外加磁场下,弹性模量随应力变化规律。搭建了应力测试装置,对不同磁场作用下Terfenol-D的磁化-应力响应和应变-应力响应测试,试验结果与模型计算结果基本一致,结果表明,ΔE效应是磁场能量和应力各向异性平衡的结果,Terfenol-D最大弹性模量变化达到513%。研究成果为新型机电系统变刚度设计提供了理论基础和调控手段。     

弛豫对低场下的薄膜磁致伸缩性能影响模型

基于非晶合金结构微缺陷的Egami模型 ,本文提出了一个弛豫影响低场下的磁致伸缩性能模型。在此模型中 ,低磁场下的磁化和磁致伸缩乃是 180°磁畴旋转的结果 ,而 180°磁畴的壁移磁化过程将被非晶的结构微缺陷所钉扎 ,而在较高磁场情况下 ,不产生磁致伸缩的壁移磁化过程被启动。退火过程将发生非晶相的结构弛豫 ,使非晶相内由结构缺陷产生的应力降低 ,从而导致低磁场下的磁致伸缩得以提高。此模型可以很好地解释各工艺状态的Tb0 .2 7Dy0 .73 Fe2 薄膜低场下的磁致伸缩行为     

超磁致伸缩驱动器自适应精密驱动控制研究

超磁致伸缩驱动器(GMA)虽然具有很多优点,但是超磁致伸缩材料(GMM)在磁化过程中存在磁滞非线性,磁滞误差可达20 %,要解决这一问题,必须对GMA采用精确有效的方法实现建模,并用于GMA驱动位移精密控制。研究中采用LMS算法对研制的GMA进行自适应系统模型辨识,用不同频率的正弦信号和方波信号作为输入,辨识模型都能精确逼近GMA输出信号,辨识精度高达0.069 μm;最后采用Fx-LMS算法对GMA进行驱动位移控制实验,通过在线辨识有效减小磁滞误差,提高控制精度。     

伺服阀用超磁致伸缩致动器结构设计及输出位移建模

针对传统永磁偏置式超磁致伸缩致动器轴向偏置磁场均匀性较差的问题,设计了一种具有分布式永磁体偏置结构的阀用超磁致伸缩致动器;采用控制变量的方法,在限定超磁致伸缩致动器结构尺寸的条件下,通过改变超磁致伸缩棒的段数,对致动器偏置磁场进行仿真分析,并确定了最佳分布结构;基于磁阻理论、J-A模型、二次畴转模型及振动理论知识建立了阀用超磁致伸缩致动器的输出位移模型,并通过Matlab中lsim函数对致动器的阶跃响应及谐波响应进行了数值求解;为验证结构设计的合理性和模型的准确性,搭建了该致动器的试验系统,并进行了阶跃响应及谐波响应试验;结果表明:所设计的阀用超磁致伸缩致动器阶跃响应时间可达2.37 ms,在20 Hz到200 Hz的驱动频率范围内,试验结果与模型计算结果基本吻合,证明了模型的准确性。     

Resonant Magnetoelectric Effect with Strongly Nonlinear Magneto-Elastic Coupling in Magnetoelectric Laminate Composites

Considering the complex strongly nonlinear coupling characteristic of the magnetostrictive strain and magnetization under the excitation of the bias magnetic field and the pre-stress in the giant magnetostrictive material, this paper adopts the nonlinear magnetostrictive constitutive model and the equivalent circuit method to establish a strongly nonlinear resonant magnetoelectric (ME) effect theoretical model for the ME laminate composites compounding by the giant magnetostrictive material and the piezoelectric material. For the L-T mode magnetostrictive/piezoelectric/magnetostrictive (MPM) ME laminate, the predicted results coincide well with the experiment results of the resonant frequency and the resonant ME field coefficient varying with the external magnetic field when the pre-stress degenerates to zero in our model. The agreement indicates the proposed theoretical model validity. On the basis, we use the theoretical model to forecast the varying characteristic of the resonant ME field coefficient and the resonant frequency effect under the influence of the different bias magnetic field and the pre-stress in ME laminate composites. And we also predict that the resonant ME coefficient and the resonant frequency appear "reversal" with the pre-stress increasing. After that, the influence of the different volume ratio on the ME effect and resonant frequency is analyzed. Particularly, a resonant frequency value not influenced by the volume ratio with increasing bias magnetic or pre-stress occurs. This research can provide theory basis for improving the resonant ME conversion performance and for controlling the resonant frequency under the excitation of the bias conditions (i.e. the bias magnetic field and the pre-stress) for the ME devices (i.e. sensor, transducer, microwave device and so on).     

超磁致伸缩微位移致动器的研究

 基于超磁致伸缩材料的磁致伸缩特性设计了一种用于微位移驱动的致动器．分析了致动器工作磁场的组成，计算了线圈的工作电流，并以此为依据设计了稳流电源．分析结果表明，设计的稳流电源满足工作要求；线圈提供的工作磁场能够保证超磁致伸缩棒工作在线性区域。     

Numerical Simulation of Nonlinear Dynamic Responses of Beams Laminated with Giant Magnetostrictive Actuators

This paper presents some simulation results of nonlinear dynamic responses for a laminated composite beam embedded by actuators of the giant magnetostrictive material (Terfenol-D) subjected to external magnetic fields, where the giant magnetostrictive materials utilizing the realignment of magnetic moments in response to applied magnetic fields generate nonlinear strains and forces significantly larger than those generated by other smart materials. To utilize the full potential application of the materials in the function and safety designs, e.g., active control of vibrations, the analysis of dynamic responses is requested in the designs as accurately as possible on the basis of those inherent nonlineary constitutive relations among stain, force and applied magnetic field existed in the materials. Here, a numerical code for the nonlinear vibration of laminated beams is proposed on the basis of a nonlinearly coupling constitutive model which fully behaves for the characteristics what are measured in experiments. It is found from this code that the natural frequency of the laminated beams changes with both the bias magnetic field and the pre-stresses, and the dynamic responses excited by an alternating magnetic field of simple harmonic form display strong nonlinear characteristics, for example, the frequency multiplication and the ultraharmonic resonance phenomena.     

Detection and response characteristics of giant magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminated cantilevers under cyclic bending

We examine the detection and response characteristics of giant magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminated cantilevers under cyclic bending in a combined numerical and experimental approach. The laminate is fabricated using thin Terfenol-D and PZT layers. Three-dimensional finite element analysis was conducted, and the dynamic electromagneto-mechanical fields in the two-layered magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminate were predicted by introducing a second-order magnetoelastic constant of Terfenol-D. The tip deflection, induced voltage, and induced magnetic field were also measured, and experimental data were compared with numerical simulations to verify the model. The effects of load ratio and frequency on the dynamic electromagneto-mechanical fields were then discussed in detail. The finite element method is shown to be capable of estimating the dynamic electromagneto-mechanical fields in the giant magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminated cantilevers, making it a useful tool for designing future electronic devices with self-sensing or energy harvesting capabilities.     

Magnetization spreading in a thin film memory

The hard axis magnetic field distribution within the uniaxial magnetic film element of a thin film memory device is calculated. In the memory device considered, the driving stripline and magnetic film are located between a magnetic keeper and a conducting ground plane. The difficulty encountered in the keeper-ground plane problem arises from the requirement of satisfying boundary conditions at the keeper and ground plane surfaces simultaneously, or in other words, from considering an infinite set of film and stripline images. A method of solution using Fourier transforms proves satisfactory. The dependence of the magnetic field distribution on the relative position of the elements and on variations in material properties is assessed.     

A simple phenomenological model of tunable SAW devices using magnetostrictive thin films

A simple phenomenological model has been developed that is useful for the approximate design of tunable SAW (surface acoustic wave) devices using magnetostrictive thin films. The model formulation, based on perturbation theory, relates the maximum magnetic-field-dependent velocity change or tunability range to the frequency of operation, film thickness, elastic properties of the film and substrate, and magnetic properties of the film. Iron-terbium-boron films deposited on quartz and lithium niobate substrates were used to verify the formula. A significant variability in the magnetic properties of the films was obtained by varying the amount of terbium (0-5 at.%) in the film (80% Fe and 15-20% B). A simple figure of merit for comparing various film-substrate combinations, independent of device dimensions, was derived and experimentally checked.     

无源自适应磁流变阻尼器的磁场设计与研究

针对常规的磁流变阻尼器需要外加线圈,对能源具有依赖性、体积庞大、结构复杂的问题,设计了无源自适应磁流变阻尼器的磁场结构.该磁路由永磁体提供磁场,利用超磁致伸缩逆效应,把阻尼器受到的负载力的变化转化为超磁致伸缩材料相对磁导率的变化,进而使磁流变液处的磁场发生变化.利用磁场有限元方法验证了磁路的正确性.应用该磁路结构到阻尼...     

电机定子硅钢片磁致伸缩效应引起的振动

为了研究磁致伸缩效应对电机定子硅钢片的影响,建立磁-机械耦合数值模型,研究了在磁致伸缩作用下电机定子的振动情况,得到电机定子硅钢片的振动主要为供电频率的一倍频与二倍频。设计了一种仿真实验模型,模拟电机中的磁场走向,线圈与无取向硅钢片不接触,这样无取向硅钢片上只存在由变化磁场导致的磁致伸缩力;通过改变硅钢片的位置,分析磁场不同走向下磁致伸缩效应对无取向硅钢片应力特性的影响,得到无取向硅钢片主要振动频率为供电频率的一倍频和二倍频,且硅钢片处于不同位置时影响其振动的主要频率不同;在磁路发生偏转时造成无取向硅钢片在供电频率一倍频处振动明显。同时设计了实验,测量变化磁场下无取向硅钢片上的振动信号,对仿真结果进行验证,与仿真结果相符合。     

Coexistence of Low Damping and Strong Magnetoelastic Coupling in Epitaxial Spinel Ferrite Thin Films

Low‐loss magnetization dynamics and strong magnetoelastic coupling are generally mutually exclusive properties due to opposing dependencies on spin–orbit interactions. So far, the lack of low‐damping, magnetostrictive ferrite films has hindered the development of power‐efficient magnetoelectric and acoustic spintronic devices. Here, magnetically soft epitaxial spinel NiZnAl‐ferrite thin films with an unusually low Gilbert damping parameter (<3 × 10^?3), as well as strong magnetoelastic coupling evidenced by a giant strain‐induced anisotropy field (≈1 T) and a sizable magnetostriction coefficient (≈10 ppm), are reported. This exceptional combination of low intrinsic damping and substantial magnetostriction arises from the cation chemistry of NiZnAl‐ferrite. At the same time, the coherently strained film structure suppresses extrinsic damping, enables soft magnetic behavior, and generates large easy‐plane magnetoelastic anisotropy. These findings provide a foundation for a new class of low‐loss, magnetoelastic thin film materials that are promising for spin‐mechanical devices.