掺杂磷酸钒锂材料的合成及改性研究

采用球磨喷雾辅助碳热还原法制备锂离子正极材料Li3V2(PO4)3,并通过金属离子掺杂技术对Li3V2(PO4)3进行改性.采用SEM、CV对掺杂Cr、Ti、Mg的材料(Li3V2(PO4)3(LVP-1)、Li3V1.8Cr0.2(PO4)3 (LVP-2)、Li3V1.8Ti0.2(PO4)3(LVP-3)、Li3V1.8Mg0.2(PO4)3(LVP-4))进行了形貌分析和电化学性能研究.结果表明:掺杂少量的Cr离子不影响材料的形貌,掺杂Ti、Mg离子改变了晶体材料的粒径;在充放电测试分析中,纯相材料的放电容量较高,但纯相材料的容量保持率比其他3种材料低;倍率性能测试同样表明Li3V1.8Mg0.2(PO4)3材料放电容量大且循环性能好.     

新型特效Na离子吸附剂Li1+xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3的制备和性能研究

采用高温固相法合成了新型特效Na离子吸附剂Li1＋xAlxTi2-x（PO4）3．通过对不同条件下合成的样品XRD、SEM及其吸附性能的研究表明，少量Al的加入未影响到LiTi2（PO4）3的晶体结构，但使Li1＋xAlxTi2-x（PO4）3对Na离子产生了特效吸附作用．当x=0．4时，在pH值为10．0—11．0条件下，Li1＋xAlxTi2-x（PO4）3的吸附容量达到11．76mg／g．另外，本文对材料的激光拉曼光谱和红外光谱进行了研究和指认．     

Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3的溶胶-凝胶法制备及其性质研究

采用溶胶凝胶法及固相反应法合成锂离子固体电解质Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3,用X射线衍射检测合成产物的物相,用循环伏安及交流阻抗技术测试产物的电化学窗口及离子电导率等电化学性质。研究表明溶胶凝胶法合成的Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3的电化学窗口为2.4V。与固相反应法相比,溶胶凝胶法合成的Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3具有更好的结晶性,其烧结片具有较高的离子电导率和较小的活化能。     

锂快离子导体Li3-2x(Al1-xTix)2(PO4)3的合成与表征

NASICON型正磷酸盐LiM2(PO4)3(M=Ti,Ge,Zr,Hf)是近来研究得比较深入的锂快离子导体.LiTi2(PO4)3难于烧结得到致密的LiT2(PO4)3陶瓷,且离子电导率很低,在298K时为8.260×10-8 S/cm,613K时为8.241×10-5 S/cm,而当以三价的Al3 离子经传统的固相烧结反应部分取代LiTi2(PO4)3中四价的Ti4 离子后,通过DSC、DTG、电化学阻抗与SEM测试表明,不仅能获得致密度高稳定的产物,而且烧结后得到的锂快离子导体Li3-x(Al1-xTix)2(PO4)3(X=1.0～0.55)体系在室温下的电导率有了巨大的提高.当X=0.85时,组分Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3离子电导率最大,298K时为1.792×10-6S/cm和613K时为9.210×10-4S/cm.     

Al3+掺杂对Li1.02Mn2O4结构和电化学性能的影响

用固相法合成了Li1.02AlxMn2-xO4(x=0.0,0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20,0.30)锂离子电池正极材料,研究了Al3+对尖晶石型Li1.02Mn2O4的结构及电化学性能的影响.结果表明,当掺杂量x小于0.2时,没有出现杂相,掺杂量为0.3时,出现杂相Al2O3;Al3+的掺入能稳定晶体结构,使材料在充放过程中很好地保持稳定,减弱Li+的能级分裂,改善材料的耐过充性能.当x=0.15时,初始最高容量为118.7 mAh·g-1,160次循环容量衰减至113.8 mAh·g-1,容量保持率为95.8%.Al3+的加入使材料的电导率降低,但材料结构更加稳定,循环性能变得更好.     

利用碱金属碳酸盐提高空气中制备BaMgSiO_4∶Eu~(2+)的发光性能研究

通过高温固相反应在空气中制备了一系列Eu2+掺杂的BaMgSiO4∶Eu2+发光材料,研究了其发光性能及M2CO3(M=Li、Na、K)助溶剂对其性能的影响。利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、荧光光谱(PL)和扫描电镜(SEM)对合成的样品进行表征。研究表明,Eu2+进入Ba(1)和Ba(2)位置有利于Eu2+在空气中稳定存在。M2CO3(M=Li、Na、K)助溶剂促进Eu3+离子在空气中还原成Eu2+离子,提高了BaMgSiO4∶Eu2+的发光强度。当Na2CO3用量为6%时,BaMg-SiO4∶Eu2+的发光强度达到还原气氛中制备的91%。     

Na+掺杂对Li3V2（PO4）3/C晶体结构及性能的影响

利用一步碳热还原法制备了Li3-xNaxV2(PO4)3/C(x=0、0.01、0.02、0.03、0.05、0.08、0.10、0.15)复合正极材料,并用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱、循环伏安法、电化学阻抗谱和恒电流充放电技术研究了掺杂对材料结构、微观形貌、充放电性能和Li+脱出嵌入过程的影响。研究表明掺杂少量Na+不影响材料Li3V2(PO4)3的基本结构,但可在Li3V2(PO4)3中形成电子缺陷,提高晶体内部原子的无序化程度,降低极化和电荷转移电阻,从而改善材料的电化学性能。与Li3V2(PO4)3/C相比,Li2.98 Na0.02 V2(PO4)3/C在倍率为15C下的第50次放电容量提高12.1mAh/g,具有较好的倍率性能和循环性能。     

Li以及Li化合物的添加对17Mg/12Al复合材料储氢性能影响的研究

通过粉末烧结制备17Mg/12Al复合材料,然后再添加Li,LiH以及LiAlH_4混合球磨制备17Mg/12Al+10M(M=0,Li,LiH,LiAlH_4)复合材料。经研究发现,烧结后的17Mg/12Al复合储氢材料主要由Mg17Al12和Mg2Al3组成,经过20h机械球磨后,Mg17Al12和Mg2Al3转变为具有FCC结构的Mg-Al固溶体。Li以及Li化合物的添加能提高Mg-Al固溶体的储氢容量和改善Mg-Al固溶体的热力学性能,如17Mg/12Al复合材料的储氢容量为1.73%(质量分数),添加Li以及Li化合物后,17Mg/12Al+10M(M=Li,LiH,LiAlH_4)的吸氢量则分别上升到2.23%,2.36%和1.81%(质量分数),且脱氢活化能从194.5kJ/mol分别降低到172.8,146.3和155.4kJ/mol。     

PEO-Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3固态聚合物电解质的制备与特性

将实验室制备的Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3与PEO根据不同EO/Li摩尔比,通过溶液浇铸法技术制备了锂离子导电的PEO-Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3固态聚合物电解质(SPE)膜,真空干燥后经X射线衍射分析、红外(IR)测试、示差扫描量热分析(DSC)分析和电化学阻抗测试(EI)研究了其结构与电导率性能之间的关系.证实了在固态聚合物电解质PEO-Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3体系中存在络合体,并且当EO/Li=16时,这种聚合物电解质活化能最低值为0.475 eV,电导率值最佳,即25℃为2.631×10-7S/cm,100℃为1.185×10-4S/cm.     

基于铝锆鞣制废弃物制备Al_2O_3-ZrO_2/MMT纳米复合材料及其应用研究

基于制革过程中铝锆鞣制废弃物制备铝锆双氧化物(Al2O3-ZrO2),采用Al2O3-ZrO2负载MMT片层制备铝锆双氧化物/蒙脱土(Al2O3-ZrO2/MMT)纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)和扫描电镜(SEM)对Al2O3-ZrO2/MMT纳米复合材料进行表征,并对吸附Cr3+影响因素进行分析。结果表明,Al2O3-ZrO2进入MMT的片层间,所制备的Al2O3-ZrO2/MMT纳米复合材料属于插层型,吸附后的Al2O3-ZrO2/MMT表面有Cr3+存在,吸附Cr3+主要以表面吸附、离子交换和静电吸附为主;pH值4时,Cr3+的去除以吸附为主,pH值4时,Cr3+的去除以碱沉淀和吸附共同作用完成;含Cr3+废水中Na+和Ca2+离子的存在会抑制Al2O3-TiO2/MMT对Cr3+的吸附。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from