邻域多维度特征点结合相关熵的点云配准北大核心CSCD

针对传统点云配准中存在配准精度低、耗时长的问题,提出一种邻域多维度特征点结合相关熵模型的点云配准方法。首先根据邻域点的加权投影信息、表面曲率和法向量夹角提取特征点;其次用二值化的方向直方图描述子(B-SHOT)进行特征描述与匹配,然后利用刚性距离约束剔除误匹配,并通过随机采样一致性算法获取初始变换矩阵;在精配准阶段,以点到面的距离为准则双向搜索对应点,并通过多种几何特征约束剔除误匹配点对,最后迭代最大相关熵模型的目标误差函数完成精配准。实验结果表明,本文算法比迭代最近点算法(ICP)的配准精度提高了15%~97%、配准效率提高了约90%。     

一种基于改进SIFT算法的图像配准方法

给出一种改进的SIFT算法,并将该算法应用到图像配准中.首先,该改进算法结合Canny算子,去除影响匹配的边缘点.然后采用最近邻与次近邻之比来对96维描述子进行匹配.最后,采用随机抽样一致性(RANSAC)方法消除误匹配.实验结果表明,与原SIFT算法相比,该算法能够有效提高图像配准确度,并减少了10%左右的运算时间.     

融入曲率尺度空间算法的图像配准方法

为了满足图像配准对于实时性的要求,提出融入曲率尺度空间算法的图像配准方法。首先使用曲率尺度空间算法提取图像角点特征,然后使用改进的加速稳健特征算法生成64维角点特征描述子向量并将描述子向量降维到24维,最后使用改进的相似性距离算法和随机采样一致性算法进行匹配。仿真实验一表明:在图像配准准确度方面与传统尺度不变特征变换算法、传统加速稳健特征算法及其他改进的图像配准方法相当,但在图像配准实时性方面具有一定的优势,仿真实验二通过立体匹配库验证了该方法具有普遍有效性。     

SIFT与形状上下文结合的异源图像匹配算法

针对红外图像和可见光图像灰度差异大、匹配困难的问题,提出了一种基于改进的尺度不变特征变换和形状上下文描述的局部多特征匹配算法。首先通过高斯差分检测算法分别提取两幅图像的特征点;针对特征点梯度方向存在反转现象,结合梯度镜像方法对特征点统计特征点邻域梯度方向信息;然后引入图像边缘特征生成形状上下文描述子,与梯度方向描述子级联成联合描述子;最后采用欧氏距离和卡方距离加权的联合距离和最近邻算法对特征点进行匹配。实验结果证明,在红外图像和可见光图像匹配中,该算法相比原始SIFT算法能有效减少误匹配特征点对,达到较高的匹配精度。     

红外与可见光图像自相似性特征的描述与匹配

针对红外与可见光图像匹配的难题,提出了一种基于自相似性的异源图像点特征匹配算法。首先对红外与可见光图像进行小邻域平方和计算;再通过构造高斯金字塔,运用FAST-9进行角点检测,使得检测的特征点具有尺度属性;然后,统计特征点邻域的特征信息以确定特征点的主方向;再求取在相应尺度下特征点邻域的相关平面,对相关平面进行区域划分,提取每个区域相关平面的极值以构造100维的自相似性描述子,并对描述子进行归一化处理;而后,剔除不良特征描述子;最后采用最近邻匹配算法进行特征匹配。实验结果表明,提出的算法能够实现红外与可见光图像在视角、旋转、尺度变换下的有效匹配;在保证运算速度的前提下,提出的算法较SIFT算法在正确匹配率方面有明显提高。     

一种改进的基于不变描述子的图像自动配准方法

本文提出了一种改进的基于不变描述子的图像自动配准方法来处理具有全局仿射变换的图像配准问题.该方法主要分为三步:首先,利用Mean-shift算法和区域标记算法分别从参考图像和待配准图像中提取区域特征作为配准基元,采用7个仿射不变矩作为不变描述子;其次,通过组合仿射不变矩的最小距离准则和行、列匹配概率系数算法获得一个候选匹配区域特征集,运用穷举策略从中得到三个最好的匹配区域特征,利用它们的重心点坐标计算仿射变换模型参数的初始值;最后,根据空间一致性检测获得所有正确的匹配区域特征,利用它们的重心点坐标和最小二乘算法估计最优的仿射变换模型参数.仿真和实际图像数据的配准实验和对比实验结果表明本文方法具有较高的可靠性和配准精度.     

一种CSS-SIFT复合图像配准算法

针对SIFT算法的图像配准耗时长的问题,提出一种CSS-SIFT复合图像配准算法.CSS-SIFT算法首先使用CSS算法检测图像特征,然后,使用优化的SIFT算法生成并降维图像特征描述子,最后,使用基于欧式距离和曼哈顿距离的优化双向匹配算法对图像特征进行匹配.仿真实验条件是通过计算机中仿真软件进行仿真实验,统计图像特征...     

基于椭圆傅里叶描述子的遥感图像配准算法

传统的基于点特征的图像配准算法在遥感图像配 准时提取的特征点数量大、分布密,易产生误匹配,导致特 征匹配的效率和精度低。为此,本文利用椭圆傅里叶描述子(EFD)能较好保留 形状信息的特点,提出了一种基于EFD的 图像配准算法,根据匹配的边界对预估变换参数,给出特征搜索范围,从而有效地提 高特征搜索的效率。实 验结果表明,所提出算法能有效抑制误匹配的产生,提升特征匹配的效率,尤其是对于纹理 丰富的大尺寸图像,提 升效果更加明显,验证了本文算法对遥感图像配准的适用性。     

基于视觉模糊的LBP鲁棒特征提取与匹配

目的针对目前模糊图像特征提取与匹配方面, 存在特征提取困难、匹配率低、抗噪以及抗尺度变 化能力弱的缺陷。方法提出一种基于SIFT算法与改进的中心对称局部二值模式相结合的精准 、特征识别 率高的匹配算法。首先采用SIFT进行特征的提取,生成多维的描述子,其次采用本文改进的 中心对称局 部二值模式对高维特征描述子进行降维处理,并采用局部特征区域对降维后的描述子进行特 征检测,并生 成纹理特征图像以及信息分布直方图,对特征区域的特征点进行信息量统计,并设置检测阈 值。提取符合 特征信息要求的特征点,并依据Hausdorff距离算法实现图像粗匹配,最后采用RANSAC算法 进行误差匹 配的剔除来改善匹配的精度和鲁棒性。结果测试结果表明,本文所建议的算法是有效的,它 不仅具有良 好的模糊图像分辨能力和抗尺度变化特性,而且具有较强的噪声抑制能力和抗光照变化能力 。结论本文 提出的基于视觉模糊的鲁棒特征匹配算法,不仅考虑到传统特征匹配算法的优缺点,也提出 了算法改进的 新思路,而且较SIFT算法以及LBP算法稳定性和准确度有了明显的提高。     

一种基于图像区域分块的SIFT快速配准方法

针对传统尺度不变特征变换(SIFT)算法在特征提取与描述时计算量大、实时性差的问题,提出一种基于区域分块的SIFT的快速配准方法。首先,将匹配图像和待匹配图像分割成若干均匀的子图,通过计算每个子图的信息熵值与设定阈值比较来确定局部子图的特征类型;对筛选出来的特征区域的子图进行特征提取和生成PCA-SIFT描述子,对筛选出来的平坦区域直接跳过,不进行检测。实验结果表明:提出的方法在保证配准精度90%以上的情况下,计算时间减少了15%~25%左右,提高了图像配准的速度。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.