安钢用后耐火材料资源化利用途径探讨

结合国内外钢铁企业用后耐火材料资源化利用情况,分析了安钢目前用后耐火材料资源化利用存在的问题,对用后耐材资源化利用的途径、技术路线和发展方向进行了探讨。     

宝钢用后废弃MgO-C砖的再生利用

随着世界环保、循环经济的发展,我国加大对用后废弃耐火材料开发利用的力度.文章概述了国内外用后耐材的基本状况,详细介绍了宝钢废耐材资源的情况,并对用后废弃转炉钢包镁碳砖进行了深入的研究开发,同时还探讨了其它几类废耐材的利用方法.开发成功的优质再生镁碳砖,试验研究发现无论在使用中的表现和使用寿命还是用后残厚均与目前使用的镁碳砖无差别,其使用性能已达到目前宝钢炼钢厂正常使用镁碳砖的水平,能满足多种精炼工况条件下大型钢包的要求.在宝钢300 t钢包渣线上的使用取得了良好效果.     

九十年代日本电弧炉现状

日本电弧炉平均出钢量是 1 1 0 t,变压器功率60 Mva,电极电流 42 ka,总用氧量 31 Nm2 / t,出钢温度 1 60 3℃ ,出钢—出钢时间 63分钟 ,停电时间1 3分钟 ,送电时间 48分钟 ,电耗 367k Whr/ t,石墨电极消耗 (交流 ) 1 .8kg/ t,总耐材消耗3.4kg/ t,炉子生产率为 1 1 0 %。电能消耗减少是因为总氧气用量的增加 ,增加氧气用量主要依靠后燃烧技术的使用。平均每增加 1 0 Nm2 / t的氧气用量可降低电耗达50 k Whr/ t。配备料篮预热装置的电弧炉 ,其电耗比平均值低 2 0 k Whr/ t。电极消耗平均降低 34%。出钢—出钢时间每缩短 1 0分钟 ,电极消耗…     

宝钢不锈钢生产用耐火材料使用实践

介绍了宝钢不锈钢分公司不锈钢生产线自2004年4月18日投产以来,95 t脱磷铁水包、100 t超高功率交流电弧炉、100 t电炉母液包、120 tAOD氩氧脱碳转炉、120 tVOD真空精炼装置、不锈钢连铸中间包系统及连铸用功能性耐火材料的选择和使用情况.投产近3年来,不锈钢分公司不锈铜生产线各热工设备的包龄、炉龄、功能性耐火材料的使用寿命都有了较大幅度的提高,特别是AOD转炉和VOD钢包的耐火材料迅速国产化,以国产耐材代替进口耐材,使不锈钢冶炼用耐火材料成本大幅降低,使宝钢不锈钢在市场更具竞争力.     

莱钢90t转炉喷溅原因分析与对策

莱钢特钢厂90t转炉喷溅的主要原因是突发性碳氧反应、熔池温度骤降和FeO过多积累、高硅高磷铁水和留渣操作等。通过优化枪位控制、加料时机控制、熔池温度控制、留渣操作控制等,使钢铁料消耗降低了5.5kg/t、喷溅渣降低了8.1kg/t,使耐材消耗、氧气消耗、石灰消耗分别降低了0.22kg/t、1.2m3/t、1.8kg/t。     

用后耐火材料再生与利用技术现状与发展

分析用后耐火材料废弃的危害和潜在的资源价值,综述国内外钢铁企业对用后耐火材料的再利用的技术现状及其发展趋势,介绍国内钢厂对用后镁碳砖、铝镁碳砖、铁沟料、镁铬砖、钢包浇注料等的再利用研究成果与再生耐火材料的性能,试验与应用结果表明,再生耐火材料性能接近或达到新产品水平,甚至达到优质耐火材料水平.     

石灰石造渣在转炉冶炼中的研究与应用实践

以石灰石分解反应为基础,理论分析了石灰石在转炉内的化学变化与冷却效果,说明了石灰石造渣在转炉冶炼中的可行性,以此分析为依据进行了石灰石代替部分石灰造渣冶炼工业试验。试验结果表明:当石灰石消耗为14. 8 kg/t时,石灰消耗由37. 5 kg/t降低至28. 4 kg/t,氧化铁皮球消耗由22. 5 kg/t降低至10. 5 kg/t;未使用石灰石与使用石灰石后的终渣碱度平均值分别为3. 15、3. 08,终渣TFe含量平均值分别为18. 5%、17. 4%,对终渣碱度基本无影响;使用石灰石的终点P比未使用石灰石的平均略低0. 02%,终点温度与C含量波动很小,取得了较好的效果,吨钢成本降低约5. 82元/t。     

酒钢高炉渣铁沟耐材消耗偏高成因及措施探讨

对酒钢本部高炉渣铁沟维护用耐火材料消耗存在偏高的实际问题,从渣铁沟耐材使用的工况条件,施工工艺和维护要求等方面进行了分析与阐述,为进一步降低渣铁沟耐材消耗和更好地保产服务,相应地提出探讨性的改进措施。     

莱钢高铁水比转炉冶炼工艺实践

莱钢在转炉工序采用高铁水比装入制度,由于造渣制度及枪位控制不合理、炉型控制不当及铁水流冲击,导致喷溅加剧,兑铁位侵蚀。通过优化造渣工艺、枪位控制及溅渣护炉工艺,喷溅渣量由25.5kg/t降至17.5kg/t,钢铁料消耗由1069.5kg/t降至1064.0kg/t,耐材消耗由0.42kg/t降至0.20kg/t,氧枪寿命由210炉提高至325炉。     

电弧炉电极的喷淋冷却技术

70年代初期,南非钢铁工业公司Vander-bij-Ipark厂的3座155t电弧炉的电极消耗为5～7kg/t。这在当时看来,似乎已是降到了最低程度。但是,随着长弧技术和用水冷侧壁及炉顶替大面积耐火材料的推广,石墨电极消耗减少到3.5kg/t。这比前述数字又减少了50％。     

Prospect of energy management system for large steel enterprise

The energy management system(EMS),which acts as the heart of the energy management center of a steel enterprise,is a large computer system focused on the concentrative monitor and control of the production and utilization of energy.Although Chinese steel industry was well developed in the latest decade, so far the levels of the comprehensive energy consumption per ton steel among Chinese steel enterprises are remarkably distinct,and the average value of the comprehensive energy consumption per ton steel of them has still been much higher than the value of those in developed countries.This bad situation,in the opinion of the author,partially results from the poor ability for most Chinese steel enterprises to manage the production and utilization of energy.National policies associated to energy-saving and ejection-decreasing call for steel enterprises to build the EMS;and more and more steel enterprises themselves also desire to achieve EMS projects so that they can optimize their energy production and utilization.Baosteel,the largest and most advanced steel enterprise in China,has got plenty of experience in the EMS due to its incessant practice for more than 30 years in the design,construction,application,and revampment of its EMS.In the present article,the features of an advanced EMS is described and discussed based on the design practice of the EMS of Baosteel Zhanjiang Project.An advanced EMS should be an optimized and integrated system,which possesses of the characteristic of high managing efficiency,enough openness in expansion,friendly interfaces, and simple structure.Furthermore,it could support many-sided applications,e.g.,energy related data mineing,energy network combination and co-supply,application of geographic information technology,and other technical researched on energy-saving aspects.It is known that some energy-related indexes of Baosteel have stood on a high level better than those of some worldwide famous steel enterprises.Moreover,it goes without saying that the indexes of Baosteel Zhanjiang will be better than those of present Baosteel.Therefore, one can easily expect that the new EMS of Baosteel Zhanjiang will be much more advanced,which will be more helpful to fulfil systematiclly saving of energy,to elevate the efficiency of energy utilization,to lower the comprehensive energy consumption per ton steel.     

宝钢节能环保工作实践

钢铁业的节能环保工作对我国经济和社会的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。本文介绍了宝钢股份公司近年来在节能环保工作中取得的主要实绩，重点阐述了宝钢在节能环保工作中的具体做法，并对今后的节能环保工作进行展望。     

Recycling of steelworks refractories: processing and properties

The maintenance of several steel-making equipment of the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN/Brazil) builds up about 11?000 tons of refractory waste per year. Most of that refractory waste is disposed off in landfill sites without any application. That action permanently excludes an important alternative source of raw material from the productive cycle. In this context, in the particular case in CSN, all critical points of the generation cycle and recycling of refractory waste were investigated, aiming to use these residues as reprocessed raw material in the Refractory Industry – reverse logistics. The project implementation, through an integrated solution, was technically and financially feasible with an economic return of about US$ 1 million per year in terms of net present value. The reuse of this refractory waste also minimises the environmental impact generated by the production, consumption and disposal of refractory materials from steel production.     

新时代 新钢铁

在全球钢铁业步入后危机时代之际,刚刚走出低谷的宝钢意识到钢铁行业的发展模式即将面临深刻的变革,甚至是革命。绿色钢铁是宝钢履行社会责任的执着追求。在长期的生产经营和市场竞争中,宝钢选择了技术创新与绿色钢铁的低碳之路,提出了环境经营的三大任务,同时把环境经营理念融入到企业经营管理的全过程,用成本的力量和全生命周期评价的观点重塑价值体系,化解资源环境压力,塑造钢铁的崭新社会角色。     

首钢京唐钢铁公司绿色低碳钢铁生产流程解析

 中国钢铁行业面临着资源能源短缺、市场盈利下降和生态环境制约三个方面的压力与挑战,在低碳循环经济成为当前社会发展主趋势的情况下,钢铁企业需要向低碳、绿色生产的方向转型升级。以京唐钢铁公司2015年上半年的生产调研为基础,计算京唐钢铁公司生产过程的能耗、CO2排放情况,并对钢铁生产过程能量流运行、废弃物处理与能源转换情况进行分析,为其他钢铁企业减少CO2排放、节约能源、保护环境提供一个参照。研究表明,京唐钢铁公司吨钢综合能耗为604.5 kg,吨钢CO2排放为2.165 t,与产品结构相类似的宝钢和武钢相比,能耗水平位于行业先进水平;基于钢铁生产的能量流分析表明,京唐钢铁公司通过采用干熄焦发电、煤气干法除尘、TRT余压发电等先进技术,实现吨钢余热余能回收136.26 kg,余热余能回收率为48.31%,高出全国平均水平10.89%;京唐钢铁公司基于循环理念,建立高效的煤气-电能转换中心和余热蒸汽回收利用中心,基本实现了煤气资源、固体废弃物资源、水资源的循环利用与废水零排放,生产过程中SO2、NO2、粉尘的全面达标排放。     

转炉钢渣的工程利用

宝钢转炉钢渣，年排放量约８０万ｔ，目前已有２００多万ｔ堆积渣场，渣满为患。开展钢渣利用已成当务之急。本文列举了宝钢工程中应用钢渣收到良好的经济和环境效益，进一步阐述了只要控制钢渣中游离氧化钙，使其降低到３％以下，加速或提前分解稳定，用于工程填筑，同样能保证工程质量，对厂区环保和绿化亦无不利影响，由此可见，钢渣程利用是钢渣利用的重要途径和发展方向。     

New age,new steel

Baosteel,which has just recovered from the global economic downturn,is deeply aware of the need for reforms,even revolutions,in the development of the steel industry."Green" steel is an ultimate goal for Baosteel to fulfill its social responsibilities.Learning from its long-term business operation and market competition,Baosteel has chosen technological innovation and built a low-carbon road to achieve "green" steel.It has also raised three tasks of "environmental operation" and endeavors to incorporate "environmental operation" into normal business operation,reestablishing its value system based on costs and lifecycles,reducing pressure on the environment and building a brand new role for iron and steel.     

New age,new steel

Baosteel,which has just recovered from the global economic downturn,is deeply aware of the need for reforms,even revolutions,in the development of the steel industry."Green"steel is an ultimate goal for Baosteel to fulfill its social responsibilities.Learning from its long-term business operation and market competition,Baosteel has chosen technological innovation and built a low-carbon road to achieve"green"steel.It has also raised three tasks of"environmental operation"and endeavors to incorporate"environmental operation"into normal business operation,reestablishing its value system based on costs and lifecycles,reducing pressure on the environment and butiding a brand new role for iron and steel.     

当前冶金科技进步工作中的几个问题--写在《宝钢技术》创办20周年之际

就当前冶金工业和钢铁材料发展过程中,特别是就我国冶金实践和研发工作中面临的几个重大方向提出作者的认识和建议.这几个问题涉及宝钢科技安排的建议,包括继续努力"节能降耗"、考虑冶金资源瓶颈效应前提下开发低品位矿的有效使用;冶金环保向世界先进水平挺进,特别是大气质量(包括厂区降尘量和CO2排放量的减少)的改善;冶金产品向新一代钢铁材料方向升级和扩展以及冶金工艺向更短流程和更高生产率方向努力.