光-生物可降解LDPE/纳米TiO2/TPS复合膜材料的制备及性能研究

以低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)为基体，采用改性纳米二氧化钛(纳米TiO₂)光降解剂和糊化处理后的淀粉(TPS)生物降解剂，通过密炼机和平板硫化机制备了光-生物可降解LDPE/纳米TiO₂/TPS复合膜材料，并对其进行了热性能、力学性能、光降解性能和生物降解性能研究。实验结果表明，添加光-生物降解剂后，光-生物可降解膜的降解能力明显高于纯LDPE膜，并且随着TPS生物降解剂的增多，膜材料的结晶度和力学性能增加，降解能力更加明显。当TPS的质量为LDPE基体的20%时，复合膜材料的结晶度最大，为29.3%。     

镀锌层低铬钝化膜的改性与耐蚀性研究

采用在低铬钝化液中添加H3PO4，SiO2,Ti(Ⅳ）盐对钝化膜进行改性；利用SEM，EDS，XRD等手段研究了所得钝化膜的表面结晶形态、成分和组成，同时讨论了钝化成膜的反应机理。中性盐雾试验结果表明，CrO3-H3PO4-SiO2体系和CrO3-Ti(Ⅳ）体系钝化膜的抗白锈性能是常规低铬钝化膜的4—6倍。     

不同发泡层数低密度聚乙烯双层材料的制备及性能

采用四因素三水平L9(34)正交设计方法,研究4种助剂对3种发泡层数的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)双层复合材料的密度和剥离强度的影响。结果表明:不同发泡层数时,乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(EVA)和乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)组合、硬脂酸锌(Zn St)、抗氧剂1010以及过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)用量对LDPE双层复合材料性能的影响不同。双层发泡时,Zn St用量对密度和剥离强度的影响最大;单层发泡时,密度和剥离强度主要受Zn St和抗氧剂用量影响;双层未发泡时,密度受这4种因素的影响较小,剥离强度主要受抗氧剂和DCP用量的影响。扫描电子显微镜观察3种发泡层数双层LDPE材料的微观结构存在明显不同。建立结构模型分析了3种发泡组合材料的性能与气体体积分数有关。     

添加剂对聚酰亚胺液晶垂直取向剂性能的影响

研究了添加剂对PI取向性能、耐摩擦性、热稳定性以及透光率的影响。用均苯四甲酸二酐(PM-DA),对苯二胺(PDA),4-已氧基联苯酚-3’,5’-二胺基苯甲酸酯(C6-BBDA),制备了三元共聚型PI取向膜,并采用添加剂(封端剂和交联剂)对PI改性。通过调节添加剂的组成制备了4种PI。利用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热失重分析仪(TGA)、紫外分光光度计(UV-Vis)、偏光显微镜(POM)和预倾角测试仪对合成的PI进行了结构表征和性能测试。研究发现LC分子在4种PI膜上都获得了均匀的垂直取向;添加交联剂的PI膜具有良好的耐摩擦性,经摩擦强度为600mm摩擦后,仍对LC分子具有垂直取向的能力;加入添加剂的PI膜具有良好的热稳定性,此外,加入添加剂的PI膜仍具有较高的透光率。     

绿色包装快讯两则

一、美开发聚烯烃添加剂系列降解母料美国WillowRidgePlastics公司和ECMBloFilnm公司宣称已开发可使聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)产品有效降解的方法:在聚烯烃(PE)载体中加入专用添加剂母料,可使聚烯烃产品5年内完全生物降解,其制品成本价格与普通的LDPE和PP相当。ECM公司出售拥有专利的生物降解添加剂,这种添加剂利用LDPE作为载体制成母料,在制品生产中添加量     

LDPE/PS互聚物的制备及其发泡行为研究

采用溶胀悬浮聚合法制备低密度聚乙烯/聚苯乙烯(LDPE/PS)互聚物,研究了苯乙烯(St)溶胀LDPE的条件以及聚合温度、引发剂过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)含量、聚合时间对LDPE/PS互聚物的影响。结果表明:St溶胀LDPE的最佳条件为温度40℃、溶胀时间150min;在聚合温度90℃、聚合时间9h、引发剂BPO质量分数为1%条件下,St转化率高达90%。全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱分析证明LDPE/PS互聚物中含有低密度聚乙烯接枝聚苯乙烯(LDPE-g-PS)共聚物,其质量分数为1.21%;扫描电子显微镜分析表明PS以不规则的颗粒状分布在LDPE基体中。LDPE/PS互聚物用超临界CO2发泡,在发泡压力2.5MPa、发泡温度120℃条件下,互聚物具有良好的发泡能力。     

低密度聚乙烯/4A沸石共混微孔膜的热致相分离法制备及其结构与性能研究

为了改善低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)微孔膜的结构和性能,以二苯醚(DPE)为稀释剂,利用热致相分离法(TIPS)制备了LDPE/4A沸石共混微孔膜.共混膜的孔径随着4A沸石添加量的增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势;当4A沸石添加量从0增加到10％时,共混膜的拉伸强度从1.4MPa增加到1.74MPa,断裂伸长率从41％增加到56...     

表面活性剂对液膜分离传质性能的影响

研究了不同表面活性剂组成的液膜体系在分离过程中的传质、溶胀和渗透等性能，分别考查了聚胺型表面活性剂L-113A和LMA-1及酯型表面活性剂Span80对含P204载体液膜体系迁移镧(Ⅲ)的影响，以及L—113A、L—113B和EM-301对无载体液膜体系富集氨氮的影响．实验表明，因表面活性剂不同，造成乳状液膜体系在分离富集镧或氨氮时，分离传质性能相差较大，LMA—1—P204-煤油的液膜体系对镧具有最大的迁移能力。迁移率97．4％；而L-113A-膜相添加剂-煤油的液膜体系对氨氮的溶解渗透能力最大。迁移率为86．4％．另外，对因表面活性剂结构不同而造成油水界面黏度的差异以及对传质速率的影响，从乳状液膜和自组装双分子液膜等方面进行了探讨．     

可光降解聚乙烯薄膜中光敏剂的研制

介绍了可降解塑料光敏剂硬脂酸过渡金属盐（RSt3）的研制，用红外光谱，DSC，TGA，力学性能测试等分析手段对其进行了表征，并对硬脂酸盐在聚乙烯薄膜中的光降解性能作了一定的探讨，结果表明，在聚乙烯薄膜中加科0．1％-0．5％RSt3即可将聚乙烯薄膜的使用寿命控制在要求的范围内。     

含淀粉聚乙烯膜的时控光降解研究

使用复合光降解剂，得到了可光降解的生物降解膜。对膜的光降解进行了考察，并对影响光降解的因素进行了讨论，结果表明，我们所制得的膜是一种较好的时控光降解膜。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...