淬火过程流动与传递现象数值模拟

根据淬火过程中多相流动与传热的特点,提出了简化模型。基于两相流体动力学及流固耦合传热建立了流动与传热方程。推导出了计算模型并结合大型软件Fluent进行了用户子程序（UDF）设计,利用此方法对影响流动与沸腾传热的几个因素进行了数值研究,数值计算结果与理论分析吻合。最后对金属铝块的淬火过程进行了计算,计算得到的金属表面测点温度随时间变化历程与文献中实验数据误差在15%以下,表明计算方法可行并且把握了物理过程的本质。     

混凝土配重对海底管道热力学影响研究

为保证海底管道在位稳定性,常在管道外表面涂敷混凝土配重层。对于管道的热力计算,有必要研究混凝土配重层对传热系数的影响。文章基于传热和对流理论,根据常用计算模型,推导了海底管道传热模型,借助计算软件,探讨了混凝土配重对海底管道温降的影响。文章的研究成果,有助于海底管道热力分析的参考的借鉴。     

低渗透油藏二氧化碳混相与近混相驱替规律研究

实验先利用细管实验法确定出本次试验条件下二氧化碳的最小混相压力为26 MPa,再使用人造低渗透岩心并设定驱替压力分别为24 MPa近混相驱压力条件和28 MPa混相驱替压力条件进行驱油实验。结果是二者驱油效率变化基本一致,且混相驱替比近混相驱替最终驱油效率高出1.8个百分点,以期为后续研究二氧化碳驱油提供理论和实验基础。     

The leaching and chemical transformations of surface-applied urea under flood irrigation

The depth of leaching and the rate of chemical transformation of surface-applied granular urea was studied in the field and in intact soil cores in the laboratory following the flood irrigation of a young barley crop. In the field, preferential flow of urea occurred to 300–400 mm depth with the application of 50 mm of irrigation, but the urea concentration remained greatest in the surface (0–50 mm) layer. In contrast, leaching of urea was dominated by miscible displacement under 100 mm of irrigation in the field. Little urea remained in the surface layer after irrigation and maximum urea concentration occurred at 200–400 mm depth. There was no apparent significant redistribution of urea or its hydrolysis products through the profile after the initial sampling. Urea leaching patterns in intact soil cores were different to those in the field and were largely unaffected by irrigation volume. Preferential water flow occurred through the soil cores, although most of the applied urea was by-passed and remained in the surface layer. Transformation rates of urea were similar in the field and in soil cores. Urea was transformed to ammonium within 48 h, with almost complete conversion of ammonium to nitrate within 192 h of application.     

回转式换热器换热元件换热及阻力特性的数值研究

以水泥窑选择性催化中低温脱硝系统的余热回收设备回转式换热器为研究背景,选取回转式换热器中典型换热元件作为基础板型,提出波纹高度比例和斜波纹倾角的结构改进方式并得到了一系列新型换热元件.通过三维数值模拟方法对比分析不同换热元件的流动和传热特性,引入面积质量因子j/f表示换热元件的综合换热性能.结果表明,相同的换热条件下,波纹高度比例3:1的换热元件在边界处的流动扰动比其他波纹高度比的换热元件平缓,因此,其Nu最小,摩擦阻力系数f最小,但j/f最大,较原CU换热元件的综合换热性能提升.波纹高度比例3:1的换热元件的斜波纹倾角在30°～60°变化时,换热元件的倾角度数越大,流动混合越显著,Nu越大,f也越大,且f的增幅大于Nu的增幅,波纹倾角度数为30°的换热元件的综合换热特性最优.     

纵流式管壳式换热器传热与流动特性的3D数值模拟研究

文章运用CFD软件Fluent分析了三种支撑结构对壳程性能的影响,可为工业用纵流式管壳式换热器优化及强化传热提供依据.文章探讨了水在三种不同支撑结构下的流阻与传热性能,得到不同支撑结构具有不同的传热效果,螺旋片相对其它两种支撑方式更有利于提高传热综合性能,并进一步对这三种换热器的传热强化机理进行了探讨.     

板翅式换热器数值模拟研究

采用数值模拟的方法研究了板翅式换热器的流体流动与传热性能,得出了七种不同高度、厚度和翅片间距大小的翅片流道中流体平均Nu数和压力降随Re数变化的曲线.     

紧凑式换热器开孔翅片流动传热特性分析

对锯齿翅片和波纹翅片的不同开孔方式建立了多种三维模型,结合数值仿真方法和已有经验公式,分析开孔翅片的流动传热特性,研究翅片开孔的强化传热机理,比较不同开孔方式对流场和温度场的影响,并通过已有的实验拟合公式对仿真结果进行校验。结果表明,对锯齿形翅片,不同开孔参数对流动、散热都有不同的影响。当孔径达到一定范围后,再增加开孔尺寸并不能显著提高换热性能,却仍会导致流动阻力大大增加。对波纹形翅片,不同的开孔位置也会对空气侧流动阻力和传热性能产生显著影响。开孔位于波纹顶峰的翅片比开孔位于波纹腰部的翅片传热性能大约提高1.1%～3.8%,而空气侧压降增加了5.8%～16%。     

管壳式换热器壳程流动和传热的三维数值模拟

提出了一种管壳式换热器壳程单相流动和传热的三维模拟方法 .用体积多孔度、表面渗透度、分布阻力和分布热源来考虑壳程复杂几何结构造成的流道缩小和流动阻力、传热效应 ,通过数值求解平均的流体质量、动量、能量守恒方程 ,得到壳程流动和换热的分布 .用该方法对一实验换热器进行了流动和传热的模拟 ,计算结果和实验结果吻合良好 .     

Conjugate heat transfer with laminar flow in an annulus

The solution to the conjugate heat transfer problem in an annulus with a heated (cooled) core and an insulated outside tube is presented. Three kinds of boundary conditions are considered for a chosen radius ratio. From the results of parametric calculation over a wide range, it is concluded that wall heat conduction in a core can have substantial effects on the heat transfer characteristics in the areas surrounding the beginning and the end of the heat transfer section.     

Study of an air-lift system,Part II: Heat transfer in co-current,vertical two-phase,non-boiling flows

Heat transfer at the inner wall for co-current vertical air-water mixture flow has been investigated in a 161.5 mm diameter pumping tube of an air-lift system. The experimental heat transfer coefficients were found to be significantly higher than those calculated from a single liquid phase correlation for the same liquid flow rate. The enhancement of heat transfer was found to be related to the flow pattern. A decrease of the heat transfer coefficient was observed in the transition region from slug flow to churn flow. Hydrodynamic and heat transfer models have been used to describe heat transfer during the slug flow regime and a correlation is proposed for the heat transfer coefficient in the liquid plug behind the gas bubble.     

热粘液中引入挥发性冷剂进行汽化冷却的传热研究

研究了热粘液中引入挥发性冷剂进行汽化冷却的传热过程。在一垂直圆形循环管中,引入冷剂酒精液滴于热浓糖溶液中,获得了糖液的汽化冷却曲线：分析了冷剂通入量对瞬间主体温度及容积传热速率的影响,并以“界面汽化热阱”的概念对传热机理进行了分析。冷剂在热粘液中汽化,是以泡滴的形态进行的。由于酒精与糖液是互溶的,在圆形管中对于泡滴的形态以及酒精与浓糖溶液间的界面难以观察清楚,因而设计了一套便于观察、拍照和分析的由两块玻璃板组成的窄缝且外侧带有保温夹套的实验设备(类似于Hele．Shaw盒)。在该设备中,对不互溶冷剂及可互溶冷剂在热浓糖溶液中汽化时形成泡滴的状态进行了比较,并分析了它们具有不同状态的原因。     

管壳式换热器壳侧湍流流动与换热的三维数值模拟

综合应用体积多孔度、表面渗透度和分布阻力方法建立了适用于准连续介质的N-S修正控制方程.用改进的k-ε模型考虑管束对湍流的产生和耗散的影响,用壁面函数法处理壳壁和折流板的壁面效应, 对一管壳式换热器的壳侧湍流流动与换热进行了三维数值模拟.对计算结果进行了归纳,并与换热器冷态实验、前人的研究结果进行了对比分析,从而证明了该方法能更有效地模拟管壳式换热器壳侧的流动特性,压降实验数据和计算结果符合良好.     

Mass and heat transfer from or to a single sphere in simple extensional creeping flow

The first detailed numerical investigation on the mass and heat transfer both outside and inside a solid or liquid sphere immersed in a simple extensional flow for a larger range of Peclet numbers (1–100,000) is presented. By making use of the known Stokes velocity field at small Reynolds numbers, a finite difference method with the control volume formulation is adopted to solve the convection‐diffusion transport equation. Simulation results show that the transport rate, which is represented by Sherwood number, is significantly affected by Peclet number and viscosity ratio. The flow direction, no matter a uniaxial extensional flow or a biaxial extensional flow, has no effect on the total transport rate but affects the concentration distribution a lot. Some comparisons between present simulations and previous studies are made to validate each other and confirm the reliability and applicable scopes of reported correlations. A few new correlations are put forward to predict the transfer rate at finite Peclet numbers for various values of viscosity ratios. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3214–3223, 2012     

方肋微通道内流动沸腾的气泡动态与传热特性分析

为揭示方肋微通道热沉内流动沸腾的传热传质机理,本文基于耦合VOF方法与\"饱和界面\"相变模型对微通道内单个气泡绕流加热方肋的传热传质过程进行了数值研究。通过分析该过程中气泡增长速率与方肋壁面传热系数的变化,重点讨论了初始气泡体积和入口雷诺数Re对相变传热效率和流动结构的影响。结果表明:在气泡流经加热方肋过程中,气泡与方肋表面之间形成一层薄液膜,该薄液膜的相变蒸发极大强化方肋表面的换热效果,换热系数较相同条件下的单相流动提升6倍以上。此外液膜厚度随Re增大而变厚,液膜热阻相应增大,液膜蒸发对换热的促进作用随Re增大而降低。最后考察了气泡体积对方肋壁面换热的影响,结果表明:初始体积大的气泡具有更薄的液膜厚度及更大的蒸发面积,表现出更高的相变传热效率;而小气泡对壁面温度影响较小。     

内插不同形状涡产生器管内层流流动与传热特性的对比分析

内插扰流元件是一种可操作性强的管内强化传热方式,其强化传热机理主要是在管内诱导产生了二次流。在均匀壁温热边界条件下,对内插不同形状涡产生器管内层流流动与传热特性进行了数值分析。研究发现：在扭带基础上裁去部分面积相同的条件下,管内插等腰梯形涡产生器的换热能力最强,直角梯形涡产生器次之,矩形涡产生器的换热能力最差,管壁上的局部Nusselt数的峰值所在圆周位置及其大小与涡产生器形状有关,而不同形状的涡产生器对管内流动的阻力系数影响较小。插入涡产生器后,管内二次流强度参数Se和平均Nusselt数Nu均随Reynolds数Re的增大而增大,二者随Reynolds数Re的变化规律具有一致性。平均Nusselt数Nu与二次流强度参数Se呈幂函数相关,内插涡产生器管内的二次流强度决定了其对流换热强度。     

Discrete Modeling and Suggested Measurement of Heat Transfer in Gas-Solids Flows

This article presents a two-dimensional transient model for gas-solids flow and heat transfer through pipes using the coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method approach. Numerical simulations have been conducted to examine the modification of fluid thermal structure due to the presence of particles in a pneumatic transport pipeline. Modeled results have demonstrated the key role of transversal motion of rebounding particles in the pipe cross section in altering fluid temperature. Further implementation of this modeling technique in air-drying processes is discussed and possible experimental methods for the measurement of in situ particle and fluid motion and temperature profile are cited.     

螺旋内翅片管内充分发展流体流动与传热的数值分析

采用常规模型对一种新型螺旋翅形裂解炉管内充分发展的流体流动与传热进行了数值分析。采用变量置换法把控制方程由原来的三维问题转化为计算平面内的二维问题,并采用ＳＩＭＰＬＥＣ方法计算考察了周向恒壁温、轴向恒热流的螺旋内翅片管内充分发展条件下的流体流动与传热问题,得到了与实验值相近的结果。进一步用所述的方法对相同横截面的直翅和螺旋翅片管内的流场和温度场进行了数值模拟研究,它揭示了螺旋翅片管相对于直翅管而言阻力增加而传热效率下降的机制。