非离子表面活性剂的表面膨胀性质研究

用毛细波 -纵向波技术研究了非离子表面活性剂octaethyleneglycolmonododecylether(C12 E8)的表面膨胀性质。利用毛细波 -纵向波的波数和衰减系数探索了非离子表面活性剂溶液的表面膨胀模量、表面膨胀弹性、表面膨胀粘度、静态膨胀弹性、表面粘度相角与浓度和表面变形频率的关系。还通过表面膨胀性质和Frumkin表面状态方程的研究 ,探讨了非离子表面活性剂溶液的表面吸附动力学性质     

肥皂和表面活性剂的配方与性质

将表面活性剂添加到以肥皂为基剂的配方中,可有效降低体系的pH值,如选择合适的中和试剂和表面活性剂还可使溶液呈透明状.同时,专业小组的研究表明：某些表面活性剂的加入可有效提高肥皂配方的许多其他表观特性.     

Gemini表面活性剂的性质和应用

Gemini表面活性剂以其独特的结构,表现出优异的表面活性.综述了Gemini表面活性剂的结构特点和优异性质,对其应用开发进行了详细的介绍,并指出了今后发展的方向.     

新型表面活性剂对酞菁蓝颜料的表面处理及表面性质的研究

本文自行设计并合成出新型颜料分散剂RSJ,用于酞菁蓝颜料的表面改性处理。分别研究在不同RSJ加量条件下酞菁蓝颜料临界润湿表面张力、表面自由能、流动性以及水相中分散稳定性的改善效果,并从中发现:经RSJ0.5％～3.0％添加量改性处理后,颜料临界润湿表面能γ_c由23mN/m变为34.8mN/m,提高了51％;对水的接触角由82.4°变为47°,减小了47％。表面自由能中的色散成分γ_s~d变化不大,可以认为保持不变,但是γ_s~p却由18.9mN/m变大为27.2mN/m,使得γ_s整体提高13％。此外,流动性提高2.5倍,水中分散稳定性提高了29％。     

两性表面活性剂(二)两性表面活性剂的表面活性和胶体性质

介绍了两性表面活性剂的表面活性和胶体性质,给出了浓度与表面活性剂团簇结构之间的关系。指出了两性表面活性剂,特别是含弱碱性氮的两性表面生剂的表面活性和临界胶束浓度（ｃｍｃ）随体系ＰＨ不同而变化。当体系ＰＨ等于两性表面活性剂的等电点时,两性活性剂在表面上的排列最紧密、ｃｍｃ达到最低值。还讨论了其他影响ｃｍｃ的因素。     

含氟表面活性剂的核磁共振研究

含氟表面活性剂的疏水基碳原子上的氢部分或全部被氟所取代,其疏水性和疏油性较普通表面活性剂为强,并且它具有极好的耐化学性和耐高温性。因此,广泛应用于化工、纺织、轻工等行业中,如乳液聚合的乳化剂、织物整理剂、洗涤剂等。     

特种表面活性剂和功能性表面活性剂(Ⅷ)——高分子表面活性剂的合成与应用进展

简单介绍了高分子表面活性剂的分类,主要综述了近几年高分子表面活性剂在合成方法上的进展,包括嵌段型高分子表面活性剂的合成、接枝型高分子表面活性剂的合成以及利用废旧聚酯PET(聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯)合成高分子表 面活性剂的方法.同时,对高分子表面活性剂的特殊性质及其在制药、石油、纺织印染与造纸工业中的应用作了介绍.最后对其今后的研究开发方向及发展趋势作了展望.     

聚氧乙烯型阳离子表面活性剂合成与表面性质的研究

以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚AEO9在相转移催化条件下和环氧氯丙烷反应得到脂肪醇聚氧乙烯基缩水甘油醚 ,收率为 97 1%。反应得到的脂肪醇聚氧乙烯基缩水甘油醚和三甲胺盐酸盐反应得到新型阳离子表面活性剂N -[3 -十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚 (9) -2 -羟基 ]丙基 -N ,N ,N -三甲基氯化铵 ,收率为 92 1%。其结构通过红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱、碳谱得以证实。测定了基本的表面活性 ,产品的表面张力为 3 7 2mN/m ,临界胶束浓度为 2 0× 10 -5mol/L。     

Synthesis,Characterization and Evaluation of the Surface Active Properties of Novel Cationic Imidazolium Gemini Surfactants

New imidazolium gemini surfactants were synthesized by reaction of epichlorohydrin with long chain fatty alcohols furnishing products 2-(alkoxymethyl)oxirane followed by their subsequent treatment with imidazole resulting in the formation of 1-(1H-imidazol-1-yl-3 alkoxy)propane-2-ol which on subsequent treatment with 1,2-dibromoethane and 1,3-dibromopropane resulted in the formation of title gemini surfactants:1,2-bis(1(3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium)ethane bromide (7), 1,3-bis(1(3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium)propane bromide (8), 1,2-bis(1(3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium)ethane bromide (9), 1,3-bis(1(3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium)propane bromide (10), 1,2-bis (1(3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium)ethane bromide (11) and 1,3-bis (1(3-alkoxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium)propane bromide (12). Their identification was based on IR, ¹H-, ¹³C-NMR, DEPT, COSY and mass spectral studies. Their surface active properties were also evaluated on the basis of surface tension and conductivity measurements.     

Synthesis and Investigation of Surface Active Properties of Counterion Coupled Gemini Surfactants

Three counterion coupled gemini (cocogem) surfactants in the series 1,6‐bis(N,N‐alkyldimethylammonium) adipate, referred as n‐6‐n (n = 12, 14, 16), were synthesized, purified and characterized by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. Their physicochemical properties were investigated by electrical conductivity and surface tension measurements. The degree of ionization, critical micelle concentration (CMC), surface excess at the air/solution interface (Γ_max), minimum area per surfactant molecule at the air/solution interface (A_min), surface tension at the CMC (γ_CMC), and pC₂₀ (negative log of the surfactant molar concentration, required to reduce the surface tension of water by 20 mN m^?1) were calculated. Increase in tail length of the surfactants increases the efficiency of surfactants to decrease the surface tension of water. Thermodynamic parameters, viz. molar free energy at the maximum adsorption attained at CMC (G_min), standard Gibb's energy of micellization (), and standard Gibbs energy of adsorption (), were also calculated. The and values show that the monomers were preferred to be adsorbed at the air/water interface and then in the micellar formation in the bulk. Additionally, fluorescence measurements were used to find the aggregation number. Other relevant surface properties (Krafft point, emulsion stability, foaming ability, micellar stability and dye solubilization ability) were also evaluated. These results suggest that with respect to emulsion formation, micellar stability and dye solubilization, the cocogem with a 16‐carbon chain gives better results, producing 89 % more stable foams and shows better aggregational behavior.     

Guerbet十四醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠的合成与表面活性

以Guerbet十四醇 (C14 GA)为中间体 ,经Williamson反应合成Guerbet十四醇聚氧乙烯醚醇〔C14 GA(EO) nH ,n =1,2 ,4〕 ,再经氯磺酸酯化及NaOH中和 ,得到阴离子表面活性剂Guerbet十四醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠〔C14 GA(EO) nS ,n =1,2 ,4〕。用IR、NMR和元素分析测定了所合成的表面活性剂的结构 ,并利用表面张力法测定了这些表面活性剂水溶液的表面活性。实验结果表明 :所合成的表面活性剂的结构分别为C14 GAEOS (A) ,C14 GA(EO) 2 S(B)和C14 GA(EO) 4 S(C) ;这些表面活性剂其临界胶束浓度CMC(mmol/L) ,在CMC时的表面张力γCMC(mN/m)和Krafft点 (℃ )分别为A :2 5 8mmol/L ,2 7 6mN/m ,5 9℃ ;B :0 80mmol/L ,2 6 4mN/m ,2℃和C :0 12mmol/L ,2 5 3mN/m ,0℃。均比常用的直链阴离子表面活性剂C12 H2 5SO4Na(8.6mmol/L ,4 1 2mN/m ,16℃ )有更低的CMC ,γCMC和Krafft点 ;聚氧乙烯基的引入 ,对降低CMC ,γCMC和Krafft点的效果随氧乙烯基团数目的增多 (由 1增至 4 )而加大。讨论了表面活性剂的结构和表面活性的关系     

聚烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚型表面活性剂的表面性能分析

合成了一系列不同聚合度的聚烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(HHL)型非离子表面活性剂。通过红外光谱,核磁共振等仪器对其结构进行表征,用表面张力法对不同聚合度的合成产物的表面性能进行研究,并对不同聚合度的表面活性剂的物理化学参数进行理论分析。结果表明:三聚烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚型非离子表面活性剂较相应单体的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂,表面活性和吸附能力有较大的提升。     

Gemini Pyridinium Surfactants: Synthesis and Their Surface Active Properties

New pyridinium Gemini surfactants have been synthesized by esterification of renewable fatty acids with halogenated alcohols furnishing respective esters (2‐chloroethyl hexadecanoate, 2‐chloroethyl tetradecanoate, 2‐chloroethyl dodecanoate, 2‐bromoethyl hexadecanoate, 2‐bromoethyl tetradecanoate and 2‐bromoethyl dodecanoate) followed by their subsequent treatment with 4,4′‐trimethylenedipyridine resulting into the formation of title Gemini surfactants: (4,4′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(1‐(2‐(hexadecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium chloride(7), (4,4′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(1‐(2‐(tetradecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium chloride (8), 4,4′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(1‐(2‐(dodecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium chloride (9), (4,4′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(1‐(2‐(hexadecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium bromide (10), (4,4′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(1‐(2‐(tetradecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium bromide (11), 4,4′‐(propane‐1,3‐diyl)bis(1‐(2‐(dodecanoyl oxy) ethyl) dipyridinium bromide (12). Their identifications are based on IR, ¹H‐, ¹³C‐NMR, DEPT, COSY and mass spectral studies. Their surface active properties are also evaluated on the basis of surface tension and conductivity measurements and thermal stability of these long chain cationics Gemini surfactants have been measured by thermal gravimetric analysis under nitrogen atmosphere.     

聚氨酯型反应性乳化剂的表面活性研究

研究了带有磺酸钠基团的聚氨酯型反应性乳化剂 (PURE)的表面活性。结果表明 :所合成的PURE的临界胶束浓度约为 3.15× 10 -2 mol/L ,活性物含量为 35 .6 % ,对常用的聚合单体具有优良的乳化能力。     

Synthesis, Surface Active Properties of Novel Gemini Surfactants with Amide Groups and Rigid Spacers

A series of novel cationic gemini surfactants, bis-(N-(3-alkylamido-propyl)-N,N-dimethyl)-p-phenylenediammonium dichloride, were synthesized. The structures of the gemini surfactants were characterized by IR, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. The Krafft temperatures of surfactants were determined through conductivity, the surface active properties in aqueous solution were studied at various temperatures by surface tension and conductivity. The thermodynamic functions of micellization process of the surfactants were also calculated by conductivity. The Krafft temperatures of the surfactants were 12, 13 and 28 °C. The values of CMC and Γ _max decreased with increasing the length of hydrophobic chains, but the values of CMC and α increased with increasing temperature. The process of micellization is a spontaneous, exothermic and entropy-driven process.     

居贝特十四醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠盐的合成及表面性能

以正庚醇为起始原料,经过Guerbet、Williamson等一系列反应合成出了具有支链结构的居贝特十四醇聚氧乙烯醚羧酸钠盐[C14GA(EO)nCH2COONa,n=1-4]。用IR、NMR测定了所合成的表面活性剂的结构;用滴体积法测定了其表面张力。结果表明:该类表面活性剂有比较好的表面性能,并且随着分子中氧乙烯(EO)单元数的增多,该系列表面活性剂[C14GA(EO)nCH2COONa,n=1-4]的临界胶团浓度(CMC)以及临界胶团浓度时的表面张力(γCMC)降低,分别为:10．50 mmol/L,27．87 mN/m;0．85 mmol/L,26．00 mN/m;0．75 mmol／L,25．20 mN/ m:0．59 mmol/L,25．18 mN/m。讨论了该类表面活性剂的结构与表面活性的关系。     

季铵盐双子表面活性剂的合成和表面活性

以吗啉和溴代烷为原料,合成了两种季铵盐双子表面活性剂(m-6-m,m=10,12),并用IR和1HNMR表征了其结构。测得28℃时,12-6-12和10-6-10的表面张力(γCMC)分别为26.45 mN/m和25.55 mN/m;临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为1.0 mmol/L和3.1 mmol/L;pC20值分别为3.48和3.03;比表面过剩(Γmax)分别为2.72×10-6mol/m2和2.80×10-6mol/m2;分子最小截面积(Amin)分别为0.611 nm2和0.593 nm2。结果表明,该季铵盐双子表面活性剂与相同离子头基及烷基链的单季铵盐表面活性剂相比,CMC低一个数量级,γCMC相差不大。     

Guerbet十四醇的合成与表征

以正庚醇为原料 ,通过Guerbet反应合成Guerbet十四醇 (2 戊基壬醇 ,C14 GA)。用IR、NMR和元素分析测定了C14 GA的结构 ,并研究了反应温度和用料比对其产率的影响。实验结果如下 :(1)在较优化的反应条件下 (正庚醇的总加入量为 1mol,在实验过程中 ,先加入 1/ 3mol庚醇和 1/ 4mol的KOH ,在 16 0℃下反应 2h ,然后再加入剩下的 2 / 3mol庚醇和 4g 5 %Pd -C催化剂 ,在 15 5℃下反应 6h)合成产物 ,其产率可达到 5 4 2 0 % ;(2 )所合成的产物与试图要得到的Guerbet十四醇 (2 戊基壬醇 ,C14 GA)含有相同的基团 (2×—CH3、10×—CH2 —、1×CH、1×—CH2 —O—和 1×—OH) ,而且 ,所合成的产物中 ,w (C) =79 0 6 % ,w (H ) =13 6 2 % ,与从Guerbet十四醇分子式计算的理论值w(C) =78 5 0 % ,w (H) =14 0 1%基本一致。可见所合成的产物正是Guerbet十四醇 (C14 GA)