Measurement and computation of thermally-induced currents incoaxial signal cables

Thermally induced current in low noise polymeric coaxial cables can introduce significant errors in certain applications. For e-beam crosslinked polymeric cable, the thermally induced current signal can be as high as 1 nA/m. The origin of such thermally induced signals is explained, based on the change of morphology and dielectric polarization as a function of temperature. The results of measurements carried out on three types of cables over a wide range of temperature are in good agreement with numerical simulations which involve the nonlinear thermal properties of the cable materials     

基于脉冲电声法的同轴塑料电缆空间电荷测量技术的研究进展

空间电荷现象严重制约着高压直流塑料电缆的发展。目前,脉冲电声法（pulse electric acoustic,PEA）是国际上常用的测量固体电介质中空间电荷分布的非破坏性的方法之一。首先从高压脉冲的注入方式出发,简述了几种基于PEA法的同轴塑料电缆空间电荷测量技术;同时,提出了一种基于高压脉冲从测量电极注入电缆试样的改进测量装置,在该装置中通过蓄电池、环氧底座以及光电转换器等将采集数据的示波器进行对地隔离,从而提高了测量系统测量信号的频带宽度;然后,介绍了同轴塑料电缆空间电荷波形的恢复方法;最后,概述了空间电荷测量技术在评估电力电缆老化程度中的应用和未来在线测量空间电荷的可行性及发展方向。     

射频连接器中的电缆固定结构

连接器与电缆的固定是否牢固、可靠,直接影响到电缆组件使用时的信号稳定性和使用可靠性.由于射频同轴电缆的形式多样,因此,相应的连接器必须采用形式各异的固定电缆结构.本文介绍了使用不同类型电缆时所采用的不同连接器固定电缆结构,并分析了各自的特点,同时推出了使用在高可靠场合的几种新型的固定电缆结构.     

EMP作用下的电缆耦合及屏蔽效能试验分析

介绍了三同轴法、线注入法、功率吸收钳法、混波室法等电缆屏蔽效能测试方法.进行了电磁脉冲作用下的同轴电缆和裸线耦合试验,探讨了该环境下同轴电缆屏蔽效能的测试方法.试验分析表明,电缆耦合后的波形为衰减振荡波,振荡周期正比于电缆的电长度,频谱与照射场的频谱不一致,裸线的耦合输出衰减较快.根据试验数据,采用峰值场强法计算的电缆屏蔽效能与峰值电压法的结果吻合,所以可采用峰值场强法对电缆进行电磁脉冲的屏蔽效能测试.电磁脉冲作用下的同轴电缆屏蔽效能较相当频段连续波作用下的略低.     

Application of dielectric response measurement on power cable systems

Water treeing is one of the factors leading to failure of medium voltage XLPE cables in long-term service. Increased moisture content inside oil-paper insulated cable is not desirable. To identify water tree degraded XLPE cables or oil-paper cables with high moisture content, diagnostic tests based on dielectric response (DR) measurement in time and frequency domain are used. Review of individual DR measurement techniques in the time and frequency domains indicates that measurement of one parameter in either domain may not be sufficient to reveal the status of the cable insulation. But a combination of several DR parameters can improve diagnostic results with respect to water trees present in XLPE cables or increased moisture content in oil-paper cables. DR measurement is a very useful tool that reveals average condition of cable systems. However, it is unlikely that DR measurement will detect few, but long water trees. In addition, DR cannot locate the defect or water tree site within the cable system. Combination of DR and partial discharge (PD) measurements can improve diagnostic results with respect to global and local defects. However, it is doubtful whether PD test can identify the presence of water trees inside a cable in a nondestructive manner. Further research is needed for more detailed conclusions regarding the status of a particular insulation and for predicting the remaining life of the insulation system.     

铜包铝线编织同轴电缆衰减特性的计算和讨论

详细探讨铜包铝线编织同轴电缆衰减的计算,并与镀锡铜线编织同轴电缆的衰减特性作对比分析,从计算结果来看,它们特性比较接近,可完全满足相关标准的要求。     

从工程电介质进展看前沿课题

叙述工程电介质领域内近几年来取得的进展,重点介绍工程电介质理论的数学基础、固体聚合物绝缘的电击穿理论、纳米电介质、局部放电测量、空间电荷、电缆绕组电力设备、绝缘油、交联聚乙烯电力电缆、超导绝缘、有机电光器件、环境友好绝缘材料、塑料绝缘回收、变频电机绝缘、新材料、陶瓷介质和合成绝缘子方面的研究成果.     

Development of New Water Tree Suppressive XLPE Cable

With a view to develop a new water tree suppressive XLPE cable, the authors have investigated the effect of introducing polar groups into crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) dielectrics. An aliphatic carboxylic acid derivative was found to be the best additive as a water tree suppressor. New cables insulated with XLPE dielectrics containing this aliphatic carboxylic acid derivative were developed. It was confirmed that the cables, having the same physical and electrical properties as those of conventional XLPE cables, showed an excellent water tree suppressive effect and long term performance.     

Computation of Cable Impedances Based on Subdivision of Conductors

The frequency-dependent resistances and inductances of cables can either be found from analyt ical formulas, or with numerical methods based on finite elements or subdivision of conductors. While analytical formulas are limited to coaxial configurations, numerical methods can be used for non-concentric configurations as well. This paper discusses the method of subdivision into subconductors of circular, square or elemental shape, and compares the results for the case of a coaxial cable, where exact solutions are available from analytical formulas. The inclusion of ground return impedances is discussed next. The method is then applied to the calculation of impedances of pipe-type cables with magnetic pipe material, and of internal impedances of stranded conductors in the power line carrier frequency range.     

对IEC 61196-4(2004)同轴通信电缆第4部分辐射电缆标准中的问题探讨和建议

对IEC 61196-4(2004)同轴通信电缆第4部分辐射电缆分规范提出了若干问题和建议,供相关标准编订部门和线缆同行的讨论,以便更好地编制或修订我国漏泄同轴电缆的国家标准,有利于我国漏泄同轴电缆研究、生产和应用。     

一种新型电梯电缆的研制与应用

随着社会进步和发展,人们对电梯电缆的使用功能提出了更高的要求,例如,要求把连接电梯轿箱内与控制室之间的通信(光)缆置入传统电梯电缆中,以提高并扩大信号和图像传输特性,降低系统制造和安装成本.介绍了一种将同轴电缆,或视频双绞对称电缆,或光缆置入电梯电缆中的新型结构,并对其结构特点和应用情况作了分析比较.     

稀疏编织外导体漏泄同轴电缆的计算机仿真

由于简单的解析计算已经不能满足漏泄同轴电缆的设计开发,用计算机电磁仿真技术计算和分析漏泄同轴电缆的传输及辐射特性是一个势在必行的趋势。本文简要地介绍了稀疏编织外导体漏泄同轴电缆的计算机电磁仿真过程,并通过分析计算机仿真的结果,得到了稀疏编织外导体漏泄同轴电缆内部、表面及其远近场的电磁特性。     

含有非线性介质的绝缘结构内瞬态电场仿真分析

以同轴电极中填充电导率或相对介电常数为非线性绝缘介质所构成的绝缘结构作为主要研究对象,分别仿真分析了在阶跃电压作用下非线性绝缘介质内瞬态电场分布.采用电场模拟软件ElecNet的瞬态2D求解器对同轴电极中填充非线性绝缘介质所构成的绝缘结构进行瞬态仿真分析.结果表明:相对介电常数非线性的绝缘介质只在初始状态时起到均化电场作用,稳态时绝缘利用系数较小;电导率和相对介电常数均为非线性绝缘介质,在整个过程中都能起到均化电场作用,改善电场的效果最好.     

电缆连续挤压包覆产品缺陷的分析

:连续挤压包覆铝套工艺可制造同轴电缆的外导体 ,光缆、铁路通讯、信号等电缆的外护套 ,其产品具有无缝不漏、材料利用率高、生产速度快、成本低等许多优点。本文就连续挤压包覆产品的质量缺陷 ,从原材料质量、坯料预处理、挤压工艺、模具结构、模具调整等各个方面进行了全面分析     

非线性绝缘的长周期梯形波响应特性测试系统

为了测试非线性绝缘电介质在低频电压激励下的响应特性,通过理论分析,提出了通过非线性绝缘介质在梯形电压波激励下的响应电流测试可得到非线性绝缘介质的电导特性和极化特性,并对测试系统的软、硬件进行了设计。硬件系统由信号发生器、线性高压放大器、微电流放大器、数据采集卡和计算机组成;在LabVIEW平台基础上开发了集数据采集、滤波、波形显示、数据存储等功能于一体的软件系统。阶跃激励下的响应测试证实该系统满足3Hz以下低频特性的测试,对线性和非线性介质的测试验证了系统设计的合理性。     

Wave propagation on power cables with special regard to metallic screen design

The high frequency properties of coaxial power cables are modeled using time- and frequency-domain numerical simulations. This is required due to the complex helical structure of the outer metallic screen. The finite element (FEM) and finite difference time domain methods (FDTD) have been employed to study the effect of screen spiralization. It is established that this screen design causes a dependence of the cable high frequency characteristics on the surrounding medium. Analytical model based on modal analysis of wave propagation in coaxial cables confirms the numerical observations     

中压环网结构的电缆屏蔽层传输特性的测试与分析

利用电力电缆屏蔽层进行载波信号传输,已成为国内外相关机构的研究热点。文章介绍了一个典型的由8段电力电缆通过线路开关连接成的环网结构,并对其供电电缆屏蔽层信道的传输特性(阻抗、噪声、传输特性)进行了全面的测试。测试结果和试验统计数据显示,采用高频桥接的多级电缆屏蔽层信道的传输特性基本满足载波组网通信可靠性要求,可以作为载波通信的信道,为城市小区配电自动化系统的通信系统提供了一种廉价且方便的解决方案。     

XLPE电缆局放脉冲频谱分析及传感器选频

为选择好局放测量传感器的频带,用指数衰减函数、梯形函数、高斯函数和三角函数数学描述了交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆中的局放脉冲并定量分析了局放脉冲的上限频率,其结果和实测局放脉冲经快速付里叶变换后的频谱基本吻合。用最小二乘法拟合信号各频率分量在XLPE电缆中的三特性并给出最优表达式后,把输出信号和输入信号比值在0.7~1范围内作为局放能量的集中区域,在此区域内得到检测不同长度XLPE电缆局放所需传感器的频带要求。对于5m长的电缆接头,传感器上限频率需>168.9MHz,较长电缆局放测量则需数十MHz。     

Pyroelectric polymer electrets

Pyroelectricity is the electrical response of a material to a change in temperature. It exists in polymers which contain spontaneous or frozen polarization resulting from oriented dipoles. This review describes the physical basis for the existence of the pyroelectric effect and discusses its behavior in a number of amorphous, semicrystalline, crystalline and liquid crystalline polymers. Some of the techniques for measurement of the pyroelectric effect are presented and its use in pyroelectric relaxation spectroscopy and thermal analysis is described. The spatial distribution of polarization and space charge through the thickness of polymer films can be determined by several thermal pyroelectric techniques. Recent developments in the integration of pyroelectric polymer infrared detectors with solid-state silicon devices are described. One of the most important recent applications of polymers is in photopyroelectric spectroscopy which can be used for the determination of a number of thermal and optical properties of materials. Finally, some miscellaneous applications in physics, chemistry and biology are presented     

Condition assessment of 12- and 24-kV XLPE cables installed during the 80s. Results from a joint Norwegian/Swedish research project

This paper reports the results from the condition assessment of 12- and 24-kV cross-linked polyethylene (XPLE) cables using a technique based on dielectric spectroscopy initially developed at KTH in Sweden. The work aims to examine whether the method could detect water tree degradation for the second generation medium voltage (MV) cables with long, but not bridging, water trees. While the overall cable condition was better than expected for second generation XPLE cables, water trees were found in most of the selected cables. The diagnostic method based on the measurement of the dielectric response could only detect water tree degradation in the examined second generation cables when the water trees bridged the insulation wall. Condition assessment above service stress may, in some cases, be required to detect bridging water trees. The results indicate that there is a correlation between the voltage level and the breakdown voltage of the cable. This can be used as a diagnostic criterion for this group of cables.