海藻酸纤维对水溶液中Fe~(3+)的吸附动力学研究

以海藻酸纤维作为吸附材料研究了纤维对水溶液中Fe3+的吸附性能,用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程、Elovich方程、粒子扩散方程、双常数方程和指数函数方程数学模型对不同Fe3+浓度、吸附时间的吸附曲线进行分析,研究了其吸附的动力学机理。结果表明:在研究的浓度和条件范围内,准二级动力学模型、Elovich方程和双常数方程的拟合度较好,模拟值与实验值吻合较好,说明海藻酸纤维吸附Fe3+是复杂的非均相扩散的化学吸附过程。粒子扩散方程表明颗粒内扩散不是控制海藻酸纤维吸附Fe3+过程的唯一步骤,而是由膜扩散和颗粒内扩散联合控制。     

改性硅藻土对氨氮的吸附行为

用过渡金属(Fe、Cu、Zn)改性硅藻土,利用红外吸收光谱(IR)表征了改性前后硅藻土的结构,并研究了其对氨氮的吸附行为。结果表明,Fe的添加能在一定程度上提高硅藻土吸附氨氮性能。此外,分别采用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程对改性硅藻土吸附氨氮行为进行拟合。结果显示,改性硅藻土对氨氮的吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温方程较好地拟合,在温度为25℃时,单分子层饱和吸附量为8.11 mg/g,其吸附动力学较符合准二级反应动力学方程。     

改性硅藻土对氨氮的吸附行为

用过渡金属(Fe、Cu、Zn)改性硅藻土,利用红外吸收光谱(IR)表征了改性前后硅藻土的结构,并研究了其对氨氮的吸附行为。结果表明,Fe的添加能在一定程度上提高硅藻土吸附氨氮性能。此外,分别采用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程对改性硅藻土吸附氨氮行为进行拟合。结果显示,改性硅藻土对氨氮的吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温方程较好地拟合,在温度为25℃时,单分子层饱和吸附量为8.11 mg/g,其吸附动力学较符合准二级反应动力学方程。     

改性活性炭吸附污水中氨氮的性能

采用浸渍法制备一系列过渡金属(Zn,Fe,Cu)改性活性炭吸附剂,并探讨其吸附污水中氨氮的性能。结果表明,过渡金属的添加能在一定程度上提高活性炭吸附氨氮性能,其中铜为最佳改性元素。分别采用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程对改性活性炭吸附氨氮行为进行拟合。结果显示改活性炭对氨氮的吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温方程较好地拟合,在温度为25℃时,单分子层饱和吸附量为7.19 mg/g,其吸附动力学较符合准二级反应动力学方程。     

改性活性炭吸附污水中氨氮的性能

采用浸渍法制备一系列过渡金属(Zn,Fe,Cu)改性活性炭吸附剂,并探讨其吸附污水中氨氮的性能。结果表明,过渡金属的添加能在一定程度上提高活性炭吸附氨氮性能,其中铜为最佳改性元素。分别采用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程对改性活性炭吸附氨氮行为进行拟合。结果显示改活性炭对氨氮的吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温方程较好地拟合,在温度为25℃时,单分子层饱和吸附量为7.19 mg/g,其吸附动力学较符合准二级反应动力学方程。     

改性纤维素对水体孔雀石绿的吸附动力学实验设计

设计纤维素改性及其对水体孔雀石绿的吸附动力学实验,目的在于让学生更好地了解碱改性纤维素在吸附功能材料中的应用,更重要的是在其吸附动力曲线中,拟合出一些常见的吸附动力学方程,如准一级、准二级、颗粒内扩散、Elovich、Bangham和双常数动力学方程,并在这些方程中探讨出控制吸附速率步骤的内在机理。     

CTMAB-磷石膏对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学研究

在微波环境下,制备了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)修饰的CTMAB-磷石膏,并对其结构进行了表征。通过静态吸附实验,研究了CTMAB-磷石膏对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性,探讨了吸附机理,结果表明:CTMAB-磷石膏对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型,但Langmuir吸附等温模型能更好地描述吸附等温曲线。Lagergren准一级吸附动力学方程、Lagergren准二级吸附动力学方程、Elovich吸附方程以及粒子内扩散模型均可较好地描述吸附初始阶段,而整个吸附过程更好地符合Lagergren准二级吸附动力学方程,CTMAB-磷石膏对Cr(Ⅵ)的平衡吸附量为16.3225mg/g,吸附过程由物理吸附、化学吸附及络合沉淀作用共同控制。     

沸石吸附微污染水源水中氨氮的研究

研究沸石吸附微污染水源水中氨氮的吸附效能。采用预处理的60~75目浙江缙云天然沸石和改性沸石吸附微污染水源水中的氨氮,通过等温吸附试验、吸附热力学试验、吸附动力学试验以及颗粒内扩散试验,比较了解天然沸石和改性沸石对氨氮的吸附性能。试验结果表明,天然沸石和改性沸石对氨氮的吸附过程均符合Freundlich等温方程;天然沸石和改性沸石吸附氨氮的反应均是自发进行的熵减型反应,吸附氨氮的过程是放热过程;天然沸石和改性沸石的准二级动力学方程的R~2分别为0.996 8、0.999 3,相关性高于准一级动力学方程,因此用Lagergren准二级动力学模型可以更好的描述天然沸石和改性沸石吸附氨氮的动力学过程;天然沸石和改性沸石吸附氨氮是一个多步骤控制的过程。     

表面活性剂改性的4A分子筛对氨氮的吸附行为

用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)改性4A分子筛,利用X射线衍射和红外吸收光谱表征了改性前后4A分子筛的结构,并研究了其对氨氮的吸附行为。结果表明,两种表面活性剂的添加均能在一定程度上提高4A分子筛吸附氨氮性能,CTAB的改性效果优于LAS,且当两种表面活性剂m(CTAB)∶m(LAS)=10时复配效果最佳。此外,分别采用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程对改性4A分子筛吸附氨氮行为进行拟合。结果显示改性前后4A分子筛对氨氮的吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温方程较好地拟合,在温度为25℃时,单分子层饱和吸附量分别为5.61 mg/g和6.15 mg/g,其吸附动力学较符合准二级反应动力学方程。     

表面活性剂改性的4A分子筛对氨氮的吸附行为

用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)改性4A分子筛,利用X射线衍射和红外吸收光谱表征了改性前后4A分子筛的结构,并研究了其对氨氮的吸附行为。结果表明,两种表面活性剂的添加均能在一定程度上提高4A分子筛吸附氨氮性能,CTAB的改性效果优于LAS,且当两种表面活性剂m(CTAB)∶m(LAS)=10时复配效果最佳。此外,分别采用准一级动力学方程、准二级动力学方程和颗粒内扩散方程对改性4A分子筛吸附氨氮行为进行拟合。结果显示改性前后4A分子筛对氨氮的吸附过程可用Langmuir吸附等温方程较好地拟合,在温度为25℃时,单分子层饱和吸附量分别为5.61 mg/g和6.15 mg/g,其吸附动力学较符合准二级反应动力学方程。     

Adsorption of dyes and humic acid from water using chitosan‐encapsulated activated carbon

The adsorption isotherms and rates of two dyes and humic acid from aqueous solutions onto chitosan‐encapsulated activated carbon (CEAC) beads were measured at 30 °C. Such beads were prepared by mixing different weight percents of cuttlefish‐based chitosan (100%, 80%, 67%, and 55%) and rice‐based activated carbons. It was shown that the isotherms of dyes and humic acid were well fitted by the Freundlich equation. The adsorption capacity and rate could be enhanced when activated carbon was encapsulated with chitosan. Four simplified kinetic models including the pseudo‐first‐order equation, pseudo‐second‐order equation, intraparticle diffusion model, and the Elovich equation were tested to follow the adsorption processes. The adsorption of dyes was best described by the Elovich equation, but that of humic acid was best described by the intraparticle diffusion model. The kinetic parameters of each best‐fit model were calculated and are discussed in this paper. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Liquid-phase adsorption of dyes and phenols using pinewood-based activated carbons

Physical properties of activated carbons prepared from pinewood at different activation times (0.5, 1.5, 2.7, and 4.0 h) in steam at 900 °C were studied. The adsorption equilibria and kinetics of three dyes and three phenols (phenol, 3-chlorophenol, and o-cresol) from aqueous solutions on such carbons were then examined at 30 °C. The adsorption isotherms of phenols could be well fitted by the Freundlich equation, and those of dyes were adequately described by the Langmuir-Freundlich equation. The effect of microporosity of the carbons on adsorption capacity was explored. Four simplified kinetic models including pseudo-first-order equation, pseudo-second-order equation, intraparticle diffusion model, and the Elovich equation were selected to follow the adsorption processes. The adsorption of all six adsorbates could be best described by the Elovich equation. The kinetic parameters of this best-fit model were calculated and discussed.     

膨润土-活性炭复合吸附剂对锰离子的吸附

以膨润土和活性炭为原料制备了复合吸附剂并将之应用于含锰离子废水的吸附。考察了不同条件下该吸附剂对水体中Mn（Ⅱ）的去除效果,并研究了吸附动力学特征和等温吸附过程。结果表明膨润土和活性炭复合吸附剂对Mn（Ⅱ）具有优良的吸附能力,在25 ℃下,当投加量为4 g/L、Mn（Ⅱ）初始质量浓度为50 mg/L、溶液pH为6时,吸附180 min,吸附率为93.2%。准一级、准二级动力学和内扩散模型用来拟合吸附过程,结果表明准二级动力学符合该吸附过程,吸附速率常数为0.003 6 g/（mg·min）,内扩散过程不是吸附的限速步骤,还存在吸附机制的制约。用Langmuir和Freundlich模型描述吸附等温过程,结果得出该吸附过程服从Langmuir吸附,饱和吸附容量为27.781 mg/g。     

Kinetic analysis of phenol adsorption from aqueous systems

The kinetic adsorption of mixtures of phenolic compounds onto a polymeric adsorbent from aqueous solutions was studied. Experimental data for single‐component solutions were obtained and fitted to a parallel diffusion model. Effective diffusion coefficients were related to liquid‐phase diffusion and surface diffusion. The effect of solute concentration and salinity on these parameters was also analysed. Van Laar's equation is proposed to evaluate the influence of concentration on diffusion. The adsorption kinetics for phenol and pcresol mixtures at different initial concentration ratios were determined and correctly adjusted to the mentioned kinetic model. Results confirm that adsorption from multicomponent aqueous solutions is a surface diffusion‐controlled process.     

4A分子筛吸附净化乙二醇二甲醚中微量水研究

研究了乙二醇二甲醚中微量水在4A分子筛上的吸附性能。对该体系的平衡数据进行了测定,并用Lang-mu ir、Freund lich模型进行拟合且吻合较好;采用C lausius-C lapeyron方程计算了水在4A分子筛上的吸附热,并据此探讨了吸附机理;采用Crank单孔模型对测定的吸附动力学数据进行拟合,求取了扩散系数;采用固定床测定了停留时间为60 m in时的动态透过曲线。实验结果为吸附过程的设计提供基础数据。     

Adsorption and desorption of phenylalanine and tryptophane on a nonionic polymeric sorbent

Adsorption equilibrium of two amino acids — Phenylalanine (Phe) and Tryptophane (Trp) — onto nonionic polymeric sorbent, SP850 was studied under various pH values and temperatures. Adsorption equilibrium data of two amino acids on SP850 were fitted well with the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. Thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) were evaluated by applying the Van’t Hoff equation. Besides, adsorption kinetic of Phe was also investigated. Adsorption kinetic data were analyzed using the models of pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion. The results indicated that the pseudo-second-order model was more successful in simulating the adsorption kinetic data and the adsorption rate was mainly controlled by the diffusion rate in adsorption process. On the other hand, desorption studies were conducted by employing different organic solvents such as isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethanol, and methanol. It was found that IPA was the best material for desorbing amino acid on the polymeric sorbent.     

Study to investigate the importance of mass transfer of naproxen sodium onto activated carbon

In the present study, the adsorption of naproxen sodium onto activated carbons (BK4, obtained from white polymeric waste and SK4, obtained from black polymeric waste) was investigated by calculating the parameters of pH, contact time, the concentration of naproxen sodium and the temperature. The adsorption data of naproxen sodium onto activated carbon follows the Langmuir isotherm model and its kinetic processes were described by various kinetic adsorption models. It was determined that the pseudo-second-order model was the best choice among all the available kinetic models to describe the adsorption behaviour of naproxen sodium onto activated carbon. During the present study, the intraparticle diffusion rate constant, the external mass transfer coefficient and the film and pore diffusion coefficient were evaluated at various temperatures. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters of the adsorption of naproxen sodium onto activated carbon were also calculated.     

Adsorption Behavior of Organic Dyes in Biopolymers Impregnated with H3PO4: Thermodynamic and Equilibrium Studies

A lignocellulose‐based waste biopolymer was impregnated with phosphoric acid and used for the removal of two organic dyes, Direct Blue (DB) and Reactive Blue (RB), from aqueous solution. Batch adsorption kinetic studies were carried out at different initial concentrations of the dyes, at different temperatures and various initial pH values (2–10). The equilibrium data obeyed the Langmuir isotherm model with high regression coefficient. The kinetic data were also used to test three different kinetic models. The validity of the kinetic models was analyzed and the pseudo‐second‐order model may be the best fit to explain the rate‐determining step. Adsorption of both dyes follows chemisorption. The effective diffusion coefficient and the activation energy were also calculated at different temperatures to establish the mechanism. Thermodynamic studies suggest that the adsorption of DB and RB is highly endothermic in nature. Mass transfer analysis reveals that the adsorption of DB and RB occurs through a film diffusion mechanism. Based on the Langmuir isotherm equation, the single‐stage batch absorber design of the adsorption of DB and RB onto activated carbon was studied.