ＦＨ-５Ａ型加氢精制催化剂在缓和反应条件下的性能考察

在大型柴油加氢装置上对ＦＨ-５Ａ型精制催化剂的性能进行了考察。结果表明,由不同比例的重油催化柴油、焦化柴油和高含硫直馏柴油组成的多种混合原料,在缓和的反应条件下,采用ＦＨ-５Ａ加氢精制催化剂都能生产出符合环保要求的低硫优质柴油。     

FH-98加氢精制催化剂和FC-20临氢降凝催化剂在工业上的联合应用

抚顺石油化工研究院开发的FH-98加氢精制催化剂和FC-20临氢降凝催化剂应用于杭州炼油厂的油品精制装置，对混合汽柴油(焦化汽油、焦化柴油、催化柴油、直馏柴油)进行中压加氢降凝精制。工业应用结果表明，加氢催化剂和降凝催化剂的联合使用，降低了其硫氮含量，降低了其凝点，提高了其安定性，生产的加氢精制稳定汽油可作合格化工轻油，加氢精制柴油可作0^#柴油调和组分。较好地解决了焦化汽柴油、催化柴油、直馏柴油的出路问题。     

FDS-1型加氢精制催化剂对焦化汽柴油深度加氢脱硫性能研究

在考察了FDS-1型加氢精制催化剂加氢脱硫性能,在抚顺石化公司研究院中试评价装置上,以焦化汽油、焦化柴油、催化柴油和直馏柴油的混合油为原料,进行国Ⅴ柴油生产工艺条件考察实验。结果表明,在氢分压7.5 MPa、空速1.5 h-1下,温度为330～340℃时,精制柴油硫、氮含量能够达到国Ⅳ质量指标,当温度为340～360℃时,精制柴油硫、氮含量能够达到国Ⅴ质量指标。     

喷气燃料生产技术现状及发展趋势

综述了国内外喷气燃料生产精制工艺采用的方法,重点介绍了直馏一非加氢精制工艺和直馏一浅度加氢处理工艺.介绍了喷气燃料中抗氧添加剂、抗静电添加剂、防冰添加剂、抗磨添加剂和热安定性添加剂的应用.对纤维膜精制工艺和探索中的各种添加剂进行了展望.     

柴油安定性的研究

论述影响催化裂化柴油氧化安定性的因素,介绍多种柴油非加氢工艺,如酸碱精制、溶剂精制、吸附精制、加剂法、盐精制、生物精制等方法的技术进展,并且对各种精制方法进行了评价.提出非加氢精制的发展趋势足将各种精制工艺进行有机组合.     

柴油精制技术进展

通过分析国内外柴油加氢精制形势,介绍了国内外非加氢脱硫技术和加氢精制工艺以及催化剂的研究现状,指出今后很长一段时间,国内外还是以柴油加氢脱硫工艺为主。同时也介绍了液相柴油加氢精制技术的现状和技术特点。通过资料的整理总结,可以为柴油精制技术路线的选择及新技术的开发提供参考和依据。     

络合萃取法精制直馏柴油的研究

针对直馏柴油碱洗脱酸、溶剂脱酸和加氢脱酸精制工艺存在的问题 ,首次采用络合萃取法对直馏柴油进行精制 ,可同时获得精制直镏柴油和环烷酸产品。实验室研究表明 ,本方法流程简单 ,无废液排放 ,精制柴油质量达到GB2 52— 77质量标准。     

直馏柴油深度氧化脱硫工艺小试研究

介绍了一种以过氧化氢为氧化剂,采用非加氢的方法脱除直馏柴油中硫化物的工艺技术。阐述了直馏柴油深度氧化脱硫的工艺流程与氧化脱硫柴油的工艺指标,考察了氧化剂使用量、反应温度、停留时间、萃取级数等工艺条件对脱硫效果的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件:氧化剂使用量为直馏柴油量(体积)的(10±2)%,反应温度60~70℃,停留时间30~40 min,萃取温度控制在(25±5)℃,采用三级萃取的工艺技术。在最佳工艺条件下,氧化脱硫柴油中硫质量分数小于10μg/g,脱硫率可达到99.7%。     

加氢精制与临氢降凝串联工艺精制汽柴混合油的技术分析

采用加氢精制与临氢降凝串联工艺对焦化汽油、焦化柴油、催化柴油、直馏柴油的混合原料进行精制，降低其硫氮含量，降低其凝点，提高其安定性，生产的稳定汽油作合格化工轻油，精制柴油作0^#柴油调和组分。     

铁路机车柴油的研制

以锦西石化分公司大庆直馏柴油、辽河直馏柴油和加氢柴油为研究对象,将上述柴油按不同比例调合,试制铁路机车柴油.通过对调合柴油理化性质的分析及贮存安定性的考察,结果表明,锦西石化分公司生产的大庆直馏柴油或含大庆直馏柴油的调合柴油可以满足铁路内燃机车的使用要求.     

白土精制工艺优化研究及工业应用

文章对两种白土精制工艺进行了阐述,确定了"先加热后加白土"工艺精制的最佳温度;在实验室针对减二、减三分别采用两种工艺进行白土精制试验,结果表明,无论采用"先加热后加白土"新工艺或原工艺,白土精制油的理化性能都满足要求。本文还进行了工业装置试生产。     

直馏柴油络合萃取脱硫

分别采用络合剂FeCl3,AlCl3,TiCl4对产自盘锦慧丰的直馏柴油进行络合脱硫,结果表明:AlCl3的脱硫效果最好,络合剂用量为2 g时,脱硫率达到73.9%。通过实验得到在络合脱硫时,直馏柴油中的碱性氮含量减少,说明碱性氮消耗了络合剂,降低了络合剂的脱硫效果。本文采用自制脱氮剂LCH-28对盘锦慧丰直馏柴油进行脱氮,脱氮率达到90.0%。使用络合剂AlCl3对已脱氮的直馏柴油比未脱氮的直馏柴油脱硫率提高约5%~10%。为了取得更好的脱硫效果,采用络合剂AlCl3和三种萃取剂95%乙醇,甲醇,DMF进行复配。结果表明:以40 g柴油为基准,LCH-28的剂油比为1:200,AlCl3用量为2 g,95%乙醇用量为0.25 mL,在反应时间为20 min,反应温度为50℃的工艺条件下,对直馏柴油的脱硫率达到83.4%。     

重质燃料提炼轻质燃料油技术研究

奥里油、超重质沥青、渣油等重质燃料在非高压、不加氢气条件下,在48℃炼制轻质燃料油来替代柴油.应用计算机仿真试验系统优化催化剂各配方组分,最终确定催化剂组分;确定了催化剂的添加比例;对不同重质原料进行炼制分析,绘制炼制曲线;分析了炼制过程的影响因素,主要因素是温度、时间;确立了回归方程.设计炼制工艺及设备,对提炼的轻质...     

环烷基白油光安定性研究

概述了影响环烷基白油光安定性的主要原因。采用了溶剂精制和络合精制组合方法,对白油光安定性进行了研究。实验结果表明,在络合剂4％,溶剂萃取的剂油比为6：1,反应温度80℃的条件下白油光安定性良好,满足白油的光安定性要求。初步研究结果表明：影响白油光安定性的主要原因是碱性氮化物。     

Physical refining of edible oils

Crude oils obtained by oilseed processing have to be refined before the consumption in order to remove undesirable accompanying substances. The traditional alkali refining is often replaced by physical refining in which the use of chemicals is reduced. The most widely used method is steam refining. The crude oil quality is very important in order to obtain high quality refined oil. Furthermore, the oil should be efficiently degummed to remove phospholipids as well as heavy metals and bleached to remove pigments. The most important step consists of the application of superheated steam under low pressure and at temperatures higher than 220 °C. Both free fatty acids and objectionable volatiles, formed by cleavage of lipid oxidation products, are removed. A disadvantage is the partial loss of tocopherols. Side reactions, particularly isomerization of polyunsaturated fatty acids, should be minimized. The quality of physically refined oil is close to that of alkali refined oils, but losses of neutral oil are lower and the environment is less polluted. Among other methods of physical refining the application of selective membranes is promising.     

减三线脱蜡油糠醛精制脱酸的操作条件研究

针对大连石化公司大庆/尼罗（体积比为1∶1）减三线脱蜡油糠醛精制生产的润滑油基础油HVI400SN酸值不合格,以减三线脱蜡油为原料油,进行糠醛脱酸研究,考察剂油体积比、抽提温度对精制油酸值和收率的影响,运用数学方法求出精制油酸值合格的最优操作条件,并采用假二段实验进行了验证。结果表明,在剂油体积比为5∶1,塔顶温度120℃,塔底温度80℃的条件下,对减三线脱蜡油进行糠醛精制脱酸,精制油收率为65.32%,粘度指数为104,酸值能够达到集团公司通用润滑油基础油质量标准。     

Effect of the full refining process on rice bran oil composition and its heat stability

The effects of the chemical refining process on the minor compounds of rice bran oil and its heat stability were investigated. After 8 h of heating, about 50% and 30% of total tocopherols remained in crude and refined rice bran oil, respectively. The individual tocopherols were differently affected by the refining process. The order of heat stability of tocopherols and tocotrienols in crude oil was found to be different from that in fully refined oil. A similar tendency was observed for sterols. After 8 h of heating, 65% and 72% of total sterols, and 14% and 46% of sterol esters, of crude or fully refined rice bran oil, respectively, disappeared. The heating process led to a 4% and 10.3% increase in polymer contents in crude and refined rice bran oil, respectively. Although refined rice bran oil showed good heat stability, when compared to crude oil its heat stability was decreased to some extent.     

润滑油双溶剂精制的实验成果

通过对糠醛、糠醛与环氧氯丙烷的混合溶剂分别在不同温度、不同剂油比和不同溶剂比时 ,对润滑油馏分进行溶剂抽提精制 ,实验表明 ,糠醛与环氧氯丙烷以 1:1的体积比混合时得到的双溶剂在精制过程中有很大的优势。此双溶剂可以在低于糠醛精制温度 2 5℃以下进行抽提精制 ,精制油粘度指数提高了 4～ 6 ,收率提高了 1%～ 3% ,而且精制效果比糠醛更好。不仅温度降低了 ,而且降低了精制过程和溶剂回收过程的能耗与剂耗。     

减五线脱蜡油NMP精制与糠醛精制研究

用沈北、大庆混合脱蜡油为原料,进行NMP溶剂精制和糠醛溶剂精制的对比研究。在实验确定了NMP和糠醛溶剂与减五线脱蜡油临界溶解度曲线的基础上,NMP精制采用正交设计法考察溶剂比、溶剂含水量及抽提温度等因素的影响,糠醛精制主要考察了剂油比和抽提温度的影响,采用多元二次回归方程式回归了精制油收率及质量与操作因素的关系,用非线性回归确定出满足粘度指数≥95的要求,收率最大的适宜操作条件。NMP精制最优操作条件为:剂油体积比4.0,抽提温度60℃,溶剂含水量0%,在此操作条件下,精制油的收率为63%;糠醛精制最优操作条件为:剂油比4.5(V/V),抽提温度110℃,此条件下精制油的收率为52%。说明NMP溶剂相对糠醛溶剂具有良好的溶解能力及选择性。     

Detection of DNA during the refining of soybean oil

The isolation of DNA from foodstuffs is the first step in the detection of genetically modified organisms. Refining processes, however, have an irrevocable influence on the quality and quantity of DNA and make detection in refined oil impossible. In order to determine the most significant step in removing DNA from crude soybean oil, two refining processes were considered: chemical refining and physical refining. Although conducted on a lab scale, quality parameters showed that the refining processes were good simulations of the industrial refining. From samples drawn at various refining stages, DNA was extracted with a protocol originally developed for the extraction of DNA from lecithin. The polymerase chain reaction results prove that the protocol was sufficiently useful for extracting DNA from soybean oil. The amplified DNA revealed that degumming is the most important step in removing DNA from crude soybean oil. After degumming, DNA was concentrated in the water fraction; no DNA could be amplified in the oil fractions. During physical degumming, degradation of DNA was observed.