我院眼科2005～2006年临床用药情况分析

目的分析我院眼科2005￣2006年的用药状况、特点和趋势。方法统计我院连续两年眼科用药购药情况,对品种和金额进行归类和分析。结果两年来我院眼科临床局部用药品种和金额均占50%以上。按销售金额排序前5位的主要是抗排斥剂、抗菌剂、抗炎药、肾上腺皮质激素以及复合制剂。结论眼科医院以局部用药为主,品种和销售金额呈增长趋势。     

我院抗菌药物的应用及药敏试验结果分析

目的:研究本院感染主要病原菌的种类及分布,分析本院抗菌药物的临床使用情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法:对本院2017年10月—12月送检微生物培养中的菌属和同期抗菌药物用药敏感度、耐药性进行统计分析。结果:本院分离出病原菌94株,以酵母菌属为主40株占42.55%,其次杆菌属34株占36.17%和链球菌属14株占14.89%。白假丝酵母菌对氟胞嘧啶敏感率为92.4%,肺炎克雷伯菌对阿米卡星、美罗培南、庆大霉素等敏感率均为100.0%。金黄色葡萄球菌对替考拉宁、利奈唑胺、万古霉素敏感率均为100%。结论:本院病原菌种类多,耐药情况复杂,定期对病原菌分布和耐药情况进行监测,可以指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。     

2006年青岛市海慈医疗集团门诊抗菌药物用药情况分析

目的了解海慈医疗集团抗菌药物的产品结构和使用情况,并进行临床使用评价,为临床合理、有效、经济地选用抗菌药物提供科学依据。方法采用用药频度(DDDs)和药品限定日费用(DDDc)分析方法对我院2006年抗菌药物的使用情况进行统计分析。结果2006年用药频度排序和销售金额排序前10位的药品基本类同,为克拉霉素、盐酸洛美沙星、盐酸克林霉素、左氧氟沙星、门冬氨酸洛美沙星、马来酸阿奇霉素、加替沙星、阿莫西林钠克拉维酸钾、头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠、硫酸依替米星。结论我院抗菌药物的临床应用较为合理,但有些抗菌药物的DDDc较高。     

2006年青岛市海慈医疗集团门诊抗菌药物用药情况分析

目的了解海慈医疗集团抗菌药物的产品结构和使用情况,并进行临床使用评价,为临床合理、有效、经济地选用抗菌药物提供科学依据。方法采用用药频度（DDDs）和药品限定日费用（DDDc）分析方法对我院2006年抗菌药物的使用情况进行统计分析。结果2006年用药频度排序和销售金额排序前10位的药品基本类同,为克拉霉素、盐酸洛美沙星、盐酸克林霉素、左氧氟沙星、门冬氨酸洛美沙星、马来酸阿奇霉素、加替沙星、阿莫西林钠克拉维酸钾、头孢哌酮钠舒巴坦钠、硫酸依替米星。结论我院抗菌药物的临床应用较为合理,但有些抗菌药物的DDDc较高。     

某肿瘤专科医院2013~2015年住院患者麻醉药品使用分析

目的了解我院住院患者麻醉药品的临床使用情况及用药趋势,为指导临床合理应用麻醉药品提供参考。方法采用世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐的以限定日剂量(DDD)为指标的分析方法,对2013-2015年我院住院患者麻醉药品的销售金额、用药频度(DDDs)、日均费用(DDC)、序号比等进行统计分析。结果 3年来,我院麻醉药品销售金额逐年增加;枸橼酸舒芬太尼注射液和硫酸吗啡栓的用量及DDDs值逐年增大,枸橼酸舒芬太尼注射液的DDDs排序一直稳居第1位,盐酸哌替啶注射液、盐酸布桂嗪注射液、枸橼酸芬太尼注射液的DDDs值逐年减小,2015年口服片剂DDDs值增加明显;不同年度各麻醉药品的DDC值没有变化。结论我院住院患者麻醉药品用药结构基本合理,临床医师对麻醉药品的使用日趋规范。     

分子印迹固相萃取超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定猪肉及猪肝中14种非甾体抗炎药残留量

建立了一种基于分子印迹固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定猪肉及猪肝中14种非甾体抗炎药的测定方法。样品经10 mmol/L p H3.0甲酸铵缓冲液提取2次,合并提取液经正己烷除脂后,使用分子印迹固相萃取柱进行净化。待测化合物经BEH C18色谱柱分离,以乙腈-5 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液（含0.1%甲酸）进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾电离,正负离子切换模式下使用多反应监测扫描,基质加标曲线定量。14种非甾体抗炎药在0.25⁵0μg/L的范围内线性关系良好,检出限和定量限分别为0.1²μg/kg和0.25⁵μg/kg。在猪肉、猪肝中的3个添加水平下,平均回收率为73.2%¹10.7%,相对标准偏差1.0%⁹.7%。该方法灵敏度、精密度、准确性均满足兽药残留检测的要求,适用于非甾体抗炎药多组分残留检测。      

人工泪液的应用

目的介绍人工泪液的常用品种及其的临床使用情况,临床用药特点及发展趋势,指导合理选药。方法参阅文献,采用某教学眼科医院西药库1999~2003年药品出库记录数据,统计用药情况。结果人工泪液品种繁多,5年来常用的人工泪液用药金额呈逐年上升趋势,单剂量包装的人工泪液及含玻璃酸钠的人工泪液用药比例较大。结论单剂量包装的人工泪液具有较好的应用前景,开发含细胞因子的人工泪液及研究对角膜上皮无损害的人工泪液将成为新的发展方向。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法检测保健食品中25种非甾体类抗炎药

目的 建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)分析保健食品中25种非法添加非甾体类抗炎药的分析方法。方法 保健食品固体试样经甲醇超声提取, 液体试样经水-甲醇萃取来提取, 经液相色谱柱分离后, 在多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式下测进行25种非甾体类抗炎药含量的测定, 外标法定量。结果 25种非甾体抗炎药在1~500 ng/mL范围内呈现良好线性关系, 相关系数均大于0.99, 方法检出限为1.5~2.0 μg/kg, 定量限为5.0~6.0 μg/kg, 6.0、12.0和60.0 μg/kg 3个水平平均加标回收率为80.0%~108.2%, 相对标准偏差为6.4%~9.9% (n=6)。结论 该方法针对保健食品基质, 对固体和液体样品分别采取超声萃取和液液直接萃取的提取方式, 操作简便、节约成本、专属性强且灵敏度、回收率高, 满足保健食品中非甾体类抗炎药的检测。     

玻璃酸钠联合非甾体抗炎药治疗膝骨关节炎临床意义

目的通过分析临床玻璃酸钠联合非甾体抗炎药物治疗膝骨关节炎的意义,为骨关节炎治疗与预防做出前瞻性分析。方法收集我院2014年12月~2015年12月期间诊治的年龄40~70岁之间膝骨关节炎患者1410例作为研究对象。治疗组710例患者均使用玻璃酸钠关节注射20 mg/周,同时配合口服非甾体抗炎药(塞来昔布200 mg Bid),连续5周治疗。对照组700例患者只口服非甾体抗炎药(塞来昔布200 mg Bid)连续5周治疗。分析对比治疗组与对照患者治疗前后的VAS评分以及Lysholm膝关节功能评分。结果治疗组与对照组在治疗前VAS评分分别为7.8±1.4和7.9±1.6,Lysholm膝关节功能评分分别为43.5±6.6和44.3±7.2;治疗后治疗组和对照组的VAS评分分别为2.3±0.5和4.7±0.5,Lysholm膝关节功能评分分别为65.2±10.4和52.2±9.9,患者治疗前后VAS评分以及Lysholm膝关节功能评分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论进一步加深论证了运用玻璃酸钠联合非甾体抗炎药治疗膝骨关节安全有效性,为临床膝骨关节炎患者的治疗提供联合的前瞻性新方案。     

我院2007～2010年乳腺癌内分泌治疗药物的利用分析

目的调查乳腺癌内分泌治疗药物的临床应用情况及使用趋势,评价用药合理性。方法 (1)分析山东大学附属省立医院2007~2010年乳腺癌内分泌治疗药物的销售金额、用药频率(DDD)及日用药金额(DDC)等指标。结果 (1)2007~2010年乳腺癌内分泌治疗药物临床用药金额平均增长率60%以上,其中第3代芳香化酶抑制剂增长最快;DDD由高至低排序依次为他莫昔芬、来曲唑、依西美坦、阿那曲唑、托瑞米芬;DDC由低至高依次为他莫昔芬、托瑞米芬、依西美坦、来曲唑、阿那曲唑。结论山东大学附属省立医院乳腺癌内分泌治疗药物使用量增长明显,用药趋势与指南推荐相符,表明内分泌治疗作为乳腺癌综合治疗手段之一日益得到临床重视,但在药物选择与使用时机上仍存在不合理之处。     

山东省造纸工业2011年发展概况 持续较快发展 实现“十二五”平稳开局

山东省纸与纸板的产量和主要经济指标连续17年位列全国各省市第一位;在2011年中国造纸工业十强企业中,山东省占居六席。     

A study of menopausal symptoms in relation to habits of smoking and make-up using in Japanese women aged 35-59

We conducted a survey to elucidate the influence with menopause symptoms and the impact of not only smoking but also using make-up among for Japanese women, included ages above and below the menopausal generation. The subjects of this study were 335 Japanese women from 35 to 59 years of age who were examined for the first time in the specialized women's outpatient clinic of our institution from July 2010 to June 2011 for 1 year period. We used the items of the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire. Similarly, we analysed the scores in relation to menopausal symptoms and whether the subject smoked, whether the subject used make-up depend on women (including foundation, lip rouge, brush one's eyebrows), how frequently she used make-up. The JMP version 9.0 software program was used to statistically analyse the score data. Significant associations were observed in psychosocial (P = 0.0196), tended to be more severe in women before menopause and after climacteric. Furthermore, the frequency of using make-up were negative relations with menopause symptoms (P = 0.0251) after climacteric. Smoking had made worse for physical symptoms (P < 0.001). Menopause symptoms are already experienced by younger women, especially, psychological symptoms. Also, physical conditions were influenced by smoking. Using make-up frequently was often seen after climacteric because of appearance changes by oestrogen dynamic decline.     

The psychosocial influence to habit using make‐up of women aged 40 to 59 years menopausal Japanese women

We conducted a survey to elucidate the psychosocial influence of menopausal symptoms on the habit of using make‐up. This study included 420 Japanese women (age, 40–59 years) who were examined for the first time in a specialized women's outpatient clinic of our institution from June 2010 to September 2011. Using the Menopause‐Specific Quality of Life questionnaire (MENQOL), we analysed the scores in relation to menopausal symptoms and whether and how frequently the subject used make‐up (including foundation, lip rouge and eyebrow brushing). JMP version 9.0 software was used to statistically analyse the data. Significant results were observed for psychosocial symptoms (P = 0.0002) but not for vasomotor symptoms. Psychosocial symptoms tended to be more severe in women with climacteric <5 years previously. Furthermore, the frequency of make‐up use was positively correlated with menopausal symptoms (P = 0.0251). There were strong relationships between psychological symptoms and make‐up use in menopausal women. Psychological condition and the frequency of make‐up use were inversely correlated, especially in women with climacteric <5 years previously.     

中国造纸工业2011年度报告

(二○一二年五月)一、全国纸及纸板生产及消费情况(一)据中国造纸协会调查资料,2011年全国纸及纸板生产企业有3500多家,全国纸及纸板生产量9930万吨,较     

Electrophoretic Characteristics of Gluten Proteins as Influenced by Crop Year and Variety

The glutenin and gliadin fractions in different wheat varieties produced during two different cropping years were determined through SDS-PAGE and Acid-PAGE. It was evident from the electropherograms that greater numbers of polypeptides were present in the region falling under low molecular weight glutenin subunits. The SDS-PAGE patterns of molecular weight of glutenin subunits of different wheat varieties showed the presence of glutenin subunits in the range of 28.23 to 110.89 kDa and 28.29 to 113.51 kDa during the cropping years 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. The highest molecular weight glutenin subunit (110.89 kDa) was observed in wheat variety Lassani-08, during the crop year 2010-11, while during the cropping season 2011-12, the highest molecular weight glutenin subunit (113.51 kDa) was found in wheat variety AARI-10. It was also evident from the results that the maximum numbers of gliadin electropherograms were found in wheat variety Lassani-08. The results regarding gliadin bands revealed that total gliadin electropherograms ranged from 31.03 to 89.61 kDa and 32.91 to 92.22 kDa among different wheat varieties, during the crop years 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. The polypeptides with molecular weight between 31.03 to 54.50 kDa and 32.91 to 55.21 kDa belongs to α-, β- and γ-subunits of gliadin, during the crop years 2010-11 and 2011-12 respectively. The group of polypeptides with a molecular weight of about 54.50 to 89.61 kDa and 55.21 to 92.22 kDa was composed of subunits of ω-gliadins during the crop years 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively.     

2010年中国造纸工业产销情况分析

2010年全年国内造纸行业的生产与销售将会保持基本平稳,预计2010年全年纸及纸板生产总量在9200万吨左右,增幅约6.5%;根据对生产量和进出口量的分析,预计2010年全年国内表观消费量在9130万吨左右。2011年纸及纸板生产量增长将会基本保持2010年的增速。     

The interference of pharmaceuticals with endogenous and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in carp liver: an in-vitro study

The interactions of fibrate (clofibrate, fenofibrate, bezafibrate, gemfibrozil), antiinflammatory (ibuprofen, diclofenac, naproxen, ketoprofen), and anti-depressive (fluoxetine,fluvoxamine, paroxetine) drugs with CYP catalyzed pathways (CYP1A, CYP3A-, CYP2K-, and CYP2M-like) and Phase II activities (UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and sulfotransferases), involved in both xenobiotic and endogenous metabolism in fish, were investigated in-vitro by incubating carp liver subcellular fractions in the presence of the substrate and the selected drug. Anti-depressive drugs were strong inhibitors of CYP1A (92-94% inhibition), CYP3A-like (69-80% inhibition), and CYP2K-like (36-69% inhibition) catalyzed activities, while antiinflammatory drugs were potent CYP2M-like inhibitors (32-74% inhibition). Among the lipid regulators, gemfibrozil strongly inhibited CYP2M-catalyzed activity (91% inhibition) and other CYP isoforms (CYP1A and CYP3A-like). Additionally, glucuronidation of naphthol and testosterone were targeted by antiinflammatory drugs, and to a lesser extent, by fibrate drugs (48-78% inhibition). No significant alteration on sulfotransferase activities was observed, apart from a minor inhibitory effect of clofibrate, gemfibrozil, and fluoxetine on the sulfation of estradiol. Overall, gemfibrozil, diclofenac, and the three anti-depressive drugs appear to be the pharmaceuticals with the highest potential to interfere with fish metabolic systems.     

2011年一季度禽蛋市场形势分析与展望

国内市场方面,2010年我国禽蛋市场平稳发展,禽蛋产量较去年同比增长0.8%,居民人均鲜蛋消费达10kg。进入2011年第一季度,全国鸡蛋零售价格同比、环比均大幅上涨,但季度内先升后降,波动幅度大于往年;蛋雏鸡价格、蛋鸡配合饲料价格高位运行,同比大幅上涨;蛋料比价先升后降,养殖户仍有赢利;在禽蛋贸易方面,1-2月我国禽蛋进口总量同比大幅下降,进口总额同比大幅增长;禽蛋出口量和出口金额同比均有所增加。国际市场方面,2011年第一季度美国鸡蛋批发价格同比、环比均大幅下降,加拿大鸡蛋批发价格同比、环比均上涨。展望未来,国内鸡蛋价格总体仍处于调整期,在第二季度以先降后升的态势发展。美国方面,2011年鸡蛋产量将继续小幅增加。     

2011年一季度我国水产品市场形势分析与展望

2011年一季度,受翘尾因素影响及成本上升的支撑,水产品市场价格较上年同期有大幅提高。在去年水产品出口贸易创历史纪录后,2011年1-2月份出口贸易继续保持增长态势,出口市场多元化战略成效明显。3月份日本核泄漏危机的发生对未来我国海洋渔业造成很多不确定性影响。     

The effectiveness of multi‐element fingerprints for identifying the geographical origin of wheat

Totally 270 wheat samples with ten genotypes of 2010/2011, 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 from three regions were collected, and the multi‐elemental compositions (Mg, Al, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Mo, Cd, Ba, Pb) were analysed with high‐resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR‐ICP‐MS). Multiway analysis of variance was employed to investigate the influences of region, genotype, harvest year and their interactions on all elements. The contribution rates of variances were computed, and the results showed that the elements of Mn, Sr, Mo and Cd were closely related to region explaining 34.2%, 39.6%, 35.0% and 78.8% of the total variation, respectively. The genotype contributed most for the variation of Ba, accounting for 27.3%, and the other elements were affected by the harvest year. Mn, Sr, Mo and Cd can be used for establishing the robust discriminant model with the correct classification rate of 98.5% to identify the geographical origin of wheat.