四种太阳电池工质的浓度与折射率和温度的关系

选取可用作太阳池工质的ＮａＣｌ，ＣａＣｌ２、ＭｇＣｌ２和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３四种水溶液，对浓度Ｓ－折射率ｎ－温度Ｔ之间的关系进行测定，利用计算机对实验曲线进行拟合，给出相应的多项式回归方程，获得了较好的结果。它可用于分析、确定上述四种盐水溶液在太阳池内的浓度分布和变化，便于保持太阳池的稳定性。     

用Na—MCM制备的亚微米级α—Al2O3料浆的稳定性

探讨了以Ｎａ－ＣＭＣ作为分散悬浮剂制备适于注浆成形的亚微米级α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３浆料的可行性，通过粘度、沉降高度实验，研究了Ｎａ－ＣＭＣ的加入量及Ｐ至料浆稳定性的影响，获得了稳定浆料的基本参数。     

复合矿化剂在煅烧α—Al2O3中的应用

用传统的矿化剂煅烧的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３产品具有难磨，颜色黄及晶粒粗大等缺点。通过实验研究了硼酸、氯化铵复合矿化剂对α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３产品性能的影响，并进行了工业实验。实验表明：复合矿化剂的效果明显优于单用硼酸或氯化铵做矿化的效果；调整Ｃｌ＾－／Ｂ２Ｏ３比例可控制α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３晶粒尺寸；氯化铵做矿化剂可用来煅烧晶粒较小的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３产品     

碳酸钠回收装置的冷量合理利用

碳酸钠回收装置的冷量合理利用张正萍江苏索普化工股份有限公司碳酸钠回收装置用于以尿素法（尿素Ｃｌ２ＮａＯＨ）生产水合肼，再用肼尿法（水合肼尿素Ｈ２ＳＯ４Ｃｌ２）生产ＡＤＣ发泡剂（偶氮二甲酰胺，化学分子式：Ｃ２Ｈ２Ｎ４Ｏ２）的过程中一些厂家为节...     

芒硝太阳池的研究与应用

该本对芒硝太阳池梯度区的浓度分布、温度分布以及芒硝太阳池的能量利用和应用进行了研究，并与实验结果进行比较，两者基本吻合，研究认为芒硝太阳池梯度区(非对流层)内温度分布，浓度分布是非线形的，利用太阳池技术为开发芒硝资源提供了一种新技术。     

GaAs太阳电池帽层腐蚀研究--GaAs/AlGaAs薄膜体系的选择性腐蚀

由ｐ＋－ＧａＡｓ帽层和ｐ－ＡｌｘＧａ１－ｘＡｓ（ｘ＝０·８—０．９）窗口层构成的异质薄膜体系是ＧａＡｓ太阳电池器件中的常规结构。对该异质结构的只腐蚀ＧａＡｓ而不腐蚀ＡｌＧａＡｓ的选择性腐蚀工艺是ＧａＡｓ太阳电池制备过程中的一道关键工序。针对传统腐蚀工艺中出现的腐蚀后露出的ＡｌＧａＡｓ表面呈现彩色的问题,从改进腐蚀液配方角度,围绕通常采用的氨水－双氧水（ＮＨ４ＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ２）腐蚀液体系,对该问题作了深入细致的专门研究,并与柠檬酸－双氧水（Ｃ６Ｈ８Ｏ７－Ｈ２Ｏ２）和柠檬酸－柠檬酸钾－双氧水（Ｃ６Ｈ８Ｏ７－Ｋ３Ｃ６Ｈ５Ｏ７－Ｈ２Ｏ２）腐蚀液体系作对比,最终得到了较满意的氨水－双氧水－磷酸（ＮＨ４ＯＨ－Ｈ２Ｏ２－Ｈ３ＰＯ４）新腐蚀液体系。这种腐蚀液体系不仅可在较宽的溶液浓度范围内实现对高Ａｌ组分ＧａＡｓ／ＡｌＧａＡｓ异质结构的选择性腐蚀,而且也不会对露出的ＡｌＧａＡｓ外观产生明显影响     

Al2O3—SiC复合材料的试验研究

在Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２基础上，添加１０％－３０％ＳｉＣ，结果表明：其复合材料的抗弯强度变化不大，抗热震性临界温差可提高１５．８％－２６．２％，但高温电阻率有些降低。     

循环流化床煤与生活垃圾混烧过程中HCL的排放

在０．２ＭＷｔｈ循环流化床上进行垃圾与煤混烧实验．测量ＨＣｌ排放浓度,探讨城市生活垃圾掺烧比率和床层温度对ＨＣｌ排放浓度的影响．实验结果显示,在混烧过程中,随垃圾加入量的增加。ＨＣｌ排放量增加,温度对ＨＣｌ排放浓度的影响很小。垃圾中Ｃａ／（Ｓ＋０．５Ｃｌ）摩尔比对ＨＣｌ自脱除有影响．采用三相流态化垃圾净化系统时,ＨＣｌ在尾气净化系统中的脱除效率高于８０％。     

多晶CdS／Cu2S异质结太阳电池光电流及转换效率的计算

根据半导体材料的性能参数，对多晶ＣｄＳ／Ｃｕ２Ｓ薄膜太阳电池在各种浓度下的光伏特性作了较深入的分析和计算。计算中考虑到耗尽区宽度的变化以及内表面复合损失对光电流ＪＬ的影响，同时还用Ｒｏｔｗａｒｆ晶界复合损失模型计算了晶粒度对光电流及光伏特性的影响。存在一个最佳Ｃｕ２Ｓ受主浓度Ｎａ＝１０＾１５ｃｍ＾－３，单晶和晶粒度Ｒ＝３μｍ的多晶电池，其转换效率分别为１３．６％和１３．３％。     

低脆性FeCrAlY合金的研制

Ｆｅ－１５Ｃｒ－４Ａｌ－Ｙ合克服务了ＦｅＣｒＡｌ合金的高温脆化和４７５℃脆性，热强性和冷加工性也明显改善，ＦｅＣｒＡｌ使用温度高，抗氧化性好等优点则得到保留，还研制了使用温度更高的Ｆｅ－２０Ｃｒ－４Ａｌ－Ｙ，Ｆｅ－２５Ｃｒ－４Ａｌ－Ｙ合金，形成了低脆性合金系列，加入强化元素能进下不提高合金的热强怀，用轻稀土元素代替Ｙ则能降低生产成本，该低脆性合金系列可用于电热、电阻元素件，耐热结构件和耐高温涂层，     

超声波法测量盐水溶液浓度

利用超声波在不同浓度、不同温度的盐水溶液中传播速度不同这一特性，测出盐浓度Ｓ、声速Ｖ和温度Ｔ之间的关系，绘制不同温度下的Ｓ－Ｖ曲线和不同浓度下的Ｖ－Ｔ曲线，用计算机对实验曲线进行拟合，给出相应的多项式回归方程，模拟计算结果十分接近实验结果，该方法测试简便，精确度高。     

Dependence of speed of sound on salinity and temperature in concentrated NaCl solutions

An ultrasonic velocimeter for salinity measurements in a solar pond has been developed and tested. Calibration of the probe is accomplished by comparing speed of sound measurements in distilled water with accepted values. Speed of sound in NaCl solutions with salinities from 0%–21% by weight has been measured over a temperature range of 7°–88°C. An equation has been developed to compute salinity from the measured speed of sound and the temperature for NaCl solutions. Accuracies better than 0.2% by weight have been demonstrated. The method shows good potential for in situ salinity measurements in salt-gradient solar ponds.     

Effects of climatic conditions on the performance of carnallite solar ponds

This paper reports an experimental investigation on the effects of climatic conditions as well as the size of plastic rings on the performance and stability of two Carnallite solar ponds each of 5 m² surface area and 1 m in depth. Measurements of salinity and the temperature histories of the ponds are included. The ponds are tested under the climatic conditions of Jordan. It is found that the effectiveness of plastic rings as wind suppressors for Carnallite solar ponds is very much dependent on their size. The smaller the size the better the performance and stability of the pond. In general, it was found that the overall effect of rain in Jordan on Carnallite solar pond performance and stability is negligible.     

全饱和型太阳池的热稳定性条件

对太阳池的一般特征及共工作原理、双扩散系统所遵循的流体力学普遍方程组、具有非恒定的温度和盐浓度梯度的双扩散系统进行介绍，并对全饱和型太阳池的热稳定性条件进行讨论。     

MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF A SOLAR POND-GREENHOUSE SYSTEM

To maintain prescribed temperature levels inside a greenhouse for plant growth, diesel fuel was used in the past, however due to increased fuel prices, greenhouse heating expenses have reached such levels that conservation and alternative methods are becoming attractive. Such alternatives include solar passive heating, and solar ponds.

Although there are several methods of heating a greenhouse, the present paper focused on the potential use of solar ponds as a primary heating system. The possibility of supplying all heating requirements of a greenhouse through a solar pond has been theoretically investigated.

Models to simulate both the solar pond and the greenhouse thermal behavior were developed based on conventional energy balance equations. Numerical techniques were used to estimate daily greenhouse heating and cooling requirements and the performance of the solar pond as a heating system.     

Gradient maintenance using discrete brine injections in a salt gradient solar pond

A method for the maintenance of the stratification in the gradient zone of a salt gradient solar pond is presented. The method is unique for solar ponds in that it involves the injection of highly turbulent colummar jets into homogeneous convective zones. This contrasts with the more common practice of traversing the gradient zone with a disk-shaped diffuser while injecting fluid at low exit Froude numbers. Using turbulent jet theory which is well understood for columnar buoyant jets, the method allows a priori determination of the resulting salinity gradient with a reasonable level of confidence. The simple injector is easily constructed and deployed. Field data collected at the Alice Springs solar pond show that the technique can quickly remove internal convective zones as well as extend the top of the gradient into the surface layer, providing a valuable tool for the operators of solar ponds.     

Dependence of sound velocity on salinity and temperature in saline solutions

An ultrasonic velocimeter has previously been developed and tested for the measurement of salinity distributions in salt-gradient solar ponds. The results of the previous study were salinity relations for NaCl solutions as a function of speed of sound and temperature over the salinity and temperature ranges commonly encountered in solar ponds. The present work develops similar relations for several other common single salt solutions. Also, a general relationship which gives the change in sound speed as a function of salinity and temperature for a mixture of salts is developed. This relation allows the prediction of salinity as a function of speed of sound and temperature in any solar pond based only on the composition of salts in the pond and the individual constituent salt calibration relations. The present results show that the general relation accurately predicts sound speed behavior in bittern solutions. Extension of the results to mixtures with large fractions of constituent salts has yet to be demonstrated.     

Introduction of a passive method for salt replenishment in the operation of solar ponds

A passive method for the replenishment of salt in solar ponds is suggested, based on the natural circulation of water caused by density differences. Water, from a selected depth in the solar pond, is passed through a salt bed in an adjacent tank, where its salinity is increased before it is returned to the bottom region of the solar pond. The difference between the densities, at the points of intake and outlet, provide the driving force for the natural circulation. Careful system design ensures that this circulation will transport enough salt to the bottom region of the pond to compensate for its upward diffusion in salt gradient solar ponds. This method negates the need for the pumping installation normally required for salt replenishment; and it provides a simple, self-regulating, and reliable method for density control in the bottom region of solar ponds.     

Experimental study of natural brine solar ponds in Tibet

A salinity gradient solar pond (SGSP) is a simple and effective way of capturing and storing solar energy. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has very good solar energy resources and very rich salt lake brine resources. It lacks energy for its mineral processes and is therefore an ideal location for the development and operation of solar ponds. In China, solar ponds have been widely applied for aquaculture, in the production of Glauber’s salt and in the production of lithium carbonate from salt lake. As part of an experimental study, a SGSP using the natural brine of Zabuye salt lake in the Tibet plateau has been constructed. The pond has an area of 2500 m² and is 1.9 m deep. The solar pond started operation in spring when the ambient temperature was very low and has operated steadily for 105 days, with the LCZ temperature varying between 20 and 40 °C. During the experimental study, the lower convective zone (LCZ) of the pond reached a maximum temperature of 39.1 °C. The results show that solar ponds can be operated successfully at the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and can be applied to the production of minerals.     

A further study on the theory of “falling ponds”

The theory of “falling pond” is investigated and the stability requirements of such ponds are discussed. Based on the possible maximum temperature gradients, curves determining the regions of operation of stable falling solar ponds are presented. Also the effects of the thickness of the non-convecting layer and the bottom temperature on the stability of such ponds are discussed. Comparison between a MgCl₂ and NaCl falling solar pond is made and typical profiles for concentration are presented.