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1.
Effects of pregnancy and lactation on lipid metabolism in mouse mammary fat pads and nonmammary adipose tissues have been
studied. In order to address the question whether the influence of hormonal milieu on lipid metabolism in mammary epithelial
cells during pregnancy and lactation is the same as in fat cells, we have studied the mobilization of lipids and metabolism
of fatty acids in the intact mammary glands, parenchyma-free mammary fat pads and in the perimetrial fat tissues of virgin,
pregnant and lactating mice. Compared to parenchyma-free mammary fat pads, the perimetrial adipose tissues accumulated 5-fold
higher levels of triglycerides during pregnancy. Mammary fat cells maintained overall lipid levels during pregnancy and lactation
(16–20 μg/fat pad). In contrast, lactation depleted total lipid stores from 108 ± 5 to 24 ± 4.5 μg/fat pad in perimetrial
fat pads. Results of comparative analysis of fatty acid composition of mammary fat pads, with and without epithelial tissue,
from virgin and lactating mice showed stimulation of 18∶2ω6 metabolism leading to 130% increase in the ratio 20∶4ω6 to 18∶2ω6
in the epithelial compartment. Pregnancy and lactation resulted in the elevation of 20∶4ω6 levels probably due to a 4-fold
increase in Δ5 desaturase activity and a decrease in oxidative degradation of 18∶2ω6. These results suggest that, unlike other
adipose tissues, the metabolic pathways in mammary fat cells are not dedicated to sequestration and accumulation of dietary
lipids during pregnancy. Lactation favors mammary epithelial cell-stimulated production of precursors of eicosanoids which
are known to have agonist-like effect on mammary epithelial cells. 相似文献
2.
Quantitative and qualitative analyses of isolated lipid droplets from interstitial cells in renal papillae from various species 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Inge Bojesen 《Lipids》1974,9(11):835-843
The lipid droplets of renal papillae homogenates from four different species were obtained by ultracentrifugation. Ca. 80–98% of the lipids (triglycerides, phospholipids, free fatty acids, and cholesterol esters) consist of triglycerides. The triglycerides were fractionated by argentation thin layer chromatography and each fraction characterized by gas liquid chromatography. No fraction contained any unique triglyceride. The fatty acid composition of the total triglycerides, as analyzed by gas liquid chromatography and ozonolysis, differed markedly from the fatty acid composition of the corresponding plasma triglycerides. The papillary triglycerides were characterized by higher concentrations of stearic acid, arachidic acid, and polyunsaturated acids with 20 or more carbon atoms. Particularly interesting was the presence in the lipid droplets of docosa-7,10,13,16-tetraenoic acid. This acid has been shown to be a major component in the cholesterol ester fraction of rat and canine adrenal lipids. In the papillary triglycerides, this acid accounted for 7%, 15%, and more than 20% of the total fatty acids in the dog, rat, and rabbit, respectively. The pig differs from these three species in having only ca. 1% of this acid. These observations suggest that the interstitial cells produce these triglycerides. This production could occur either by a transacylation from phospholipids and cholesterol esters and by a de novo synthesis from locally produced fatty acids. The possibility that the triglyceride production may be involved in a control of the prostaglandin production of the renal medulla is discussed. 相似文献
3.
目的观察哺乳期大鼠大量摄入酒精对子代成年期胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法将Wistar雌鼠哺乳期酒精灌胃4g/kg·d,对照组给予等容积蒸馏水。子代出生后,每周测量体重1次,断乳后1周开始测量进食量;对第16周龄子代雄性鼠进行静脉葡萄糖耐量试验;Western blot检测骨骼肌细胞膜葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)含量;酶学法测定血浆和骨骼肌甘油三酯(TG)含量。结果哺乳期大鼠摄入酒精对后代生长发育无明显影响。与对照组比较,哺乳期大鼠摄入酒精的子代鼠16周龄时,葡萄糖耐量降低,血糖曲线下面积增加,胰岛素敏感指数(SI)、处置指数(DI)及葡萄糖耐量指数(KG)均明显降低,但葡萄糖效应指数(SG)与对照组比较,差异无显著意义,葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素快速反应分泌总量差异亦无显著意义;哺乳期大鼠摄入酒精的子代鼠,骨骼肌细胞膜GLUT4含量、血浆及骨骼肌TG含量与对照组比较,差异均无显著意义。结论哺乳期大鼠大量摄入酒精可引起后代成年期发生胰岛素抵抗,其发生机制与骨骼肌GLUT4转位及TG含量无关。 相似文献
4.
Natascha Berger Hanna Allerkamp Christian Wadsack 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(12)
The metabolic state of pregnant women and their unborn children changes throughout pregnancy and adapts to the specific needs of each gestational week. These adaptions are accomplished by the actions of enzymes, which regulate the occurrence of their endogenous substrates and products in all three compartments: mother, placenta and the unborn. These enzymes determine bioactive lipid signaling, supply, and storage through the generation or degradation of lipids and fatty acids, respectively. This review focuses on the role of lipid-metabolizing serine hydrolases during normal pregnancy and in pregnancy-associated pathologies, such as preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, or preterm birth. The biochemical properties of each class of lipid hydrolases are presented, with special emphasis on their role in placental function or dysfunction. While, during a normal pregnancy, an appropriate tonus of bioactive lipids prevails, dysregulation and aberrant signaling occur in diseased states. A better understanding of the dynamics of serine hydrolases across gestation and their involvement in placental lipid homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions will help to identify new targets for placental function in the future. 相似文献
5.
Triglyceride concentrations in rat liver rose during late pregnancy, declined at peak lactation, and then rose again during
involution. The percentage of oleate in the triglycerides rose at peak lactation, but that of linoleate fell. Although phospholipid
concentrations were unchanged, the percentage of palmitate in this fraction rose, and those of stearate and arachidonate fell
during pregnancy and lactation. These changes may be related to the changes in lipogenesis and fat mobilization that occur
during pregnancy and lactation. 相似文献
6.
Gas-liquid chromatography has been used to follow changes in the triglyceride composition of human colostrum and milk from
one donor during the first 10 days postpartum and to compare the compositions obtained with those at later stages of lactation.
New triglycerides of low molecular weight appeared during the first 5 days postpartum. Lower molecular weight triglycerides
(<C48) continued to increase until the eighth day. Triglyceride C48 and total cholesterol content remained almost constant during the period of the study.
Comparison of triglyceride fatty acid composition on the third, sixth, and ninth days postpartum showed considerable specificity
in all cases, but a tendency for randomization to occur as lactation proceeded.
The advantage of triglyceride over fatty acid analysis for this type of investigation is that in the former, new molecules
appear. In the latter, only changes in the proportions of fatty acids occur. 相似文献
7.
G. Oladunni Taylor John J. Albers G. Russell Warnick Janet L. Adolphson H. McFariane D. R. Sullivan C. E. West V. Sri-Hari R. Edwards 《Lipids》1987,22(3):173-177
The high mortality rate from coronary heart disease (CHD) among Indians compared to Negroes in Trinidad led us to test plasma
lipid profiles to see whether dietary or genetic factors might be involved. There were no interracial differences in the composition
of plasma cholesterol ester fatty acids of the tested women and neonates. This finding suggests that dietary fat does not
account for the interracial difference in CHD, nor does the cause appear to be due to genetic differences in lipid profiles,
as there was no significant difference between values for plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein
(HDL) cholesterol, apo-I, apo-II, apo B or cholesterol ester fatty acids in the cord blood of each racial group.
Blood samples were collected from 69 nonpregnant and 71 postpartum, fasted Negro and Indian women. Also taken were 71 umbilical
cord blood samples. The mean triglyceride level was significantly lower in the Negro nonpregnant and postpartum women than
in the Indians. HDL cholesterol and apo-I values were lower in the Indian women. There were no significant differences in
the total cholesterol and apo B measurements. The triglyceride values for postpartum women were higher than those of the nonpregnant
Negroes and Indians (75% and 47%, respectively), whereas the total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol, apo A-I and apo A-II ranged
from 9% to 29% higher in the postpartum women. Apo B was about 40% higher postpartum in both ethnic groups.
The high CHD rate of Indians in Trinidad cannot be explained by dietary factors, plasma total cholesterol or fatty acid composition.
However, the lower level of HDL cholesterol and plasma A-I could play a role in the higher CHD rate in Indians. 相似文献
8.
The content of neutral lipids was determined in the tissues of oysters (Crassostrea virginica Gmelin) collected in June, July and March. The lipid content of starved March oysters was also determined. Oyster tissue
from the June harvest contained the highest quantities of triglyceride; starved and July (late spawning) oysters had decreased
levels of triglycerides in all tissues except the digestive diverticula/gonad. Free sterol content of all the tissues averaged
1.21 mg equivalent cholesterol/g wet weight tissue, and the steryl ester concentration averaged about 10% of this value. Findings
of this investigation indicate that the triglyceride content of oyster tissue fluctuates seasonally and is there-fore keyed
to the physiological state of the animal. Furthermore, triglycerides may be an important energy reserve for reproductive tissue. 相似文献
9.
The biochemical composition of the renal medulla and the blood pressures of pregnant rats and nonpregnant controls were compared
on days 15, 18, 20, and 22 of pregnancy. Deoxyribonucleic acid and protein content of the renal medulla changed together with
the tissue weight (wet weight) during gestation except on day 20 when a slight increase in protein was observed. However,
the glycerophospholipids (phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl serine) and sphingomyelin showed
significant increases throughout the latter stages of pregnancy with the maxima in most cases occurring on day 20 of the gestation
period. Medullary hypertrophy and increased lipid content per cell coexist with the decrease in blood pressure and may indicate
peak activity in production of antihypertensive renal lipids.
Authorized for publication on 3/17/76 as paper No. 5040 in journal series of Pa. Ag. Exp. Station.
Submitted to the Graduate School of The Pennsylvania State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. 相似文献
10.
Serum lipids and apolipoprotein (apo) B and A-I concentrations were determined in 164 dairy cows which had undergone liver
biopsy in early lactation. The animals were divided into groups according to fatty liver severity on the basis of hepatic
triglyceride content. The serum free fatty acid (FFA) concentration was higher in cows that developed fatty livers than in
normal cows, and it correlated highly with liver triglycerides. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels did not correlate
with hepatic triglycerides. Both apo B and apo A-I levels were significantly decreased in fatty liver cows. In particular,
apo B levels showed a strongly negative correlation with liver triglycerides. The present results suggest that hepatic apolipoprotein
synthesis is impeded in fatty liver cows. 相似文献
11.
Separation of ceramides from other lipids by two dimensional thin layer chromatography, characterization of ceramide in human
brain lipid extracts, and the levels of ceramide, triglyceride, and sterol ester in human brain at different ages (25 week
fetus and postnatal ages of 1 day, 3 weeks, 6, 8 and 22 months, and 6, 8.5, 10, 18, 33, 55 and 98 years) are described. 相似文献
12.
Two per thousand pregnant women have hyperthyroidism (HT), and although the symptoms are attenuated during pregnancy, they
rebound after delivery, affecting infant development. To examine the effects of hyperthyroidism on lactation, we studied lipid
metabolism in maternal mammary glands and livers of hyperthyroid rats and their pups. Thyroxine (10 μg/100 g body weight/d)
or vehicle-treated rats were made pregnant 2 wk after commencement of treatment and sacrificed on days 7, 14, and 21 of lactation
with the litters. Circulating triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine concentratins in the HT mothers were increased on all
days. Hepatic esterified cholesterol (EC) and free cholesterol (FC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were diminished on
days 14 and 21. Lipid synthesis, measured by incorporation of [3H]H2O into EC, FC, and TG, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl CoA carboxylase activities increased at day 14, while incorporation
into FC and EC decreased at days 7 and 21, respectively. Mammary FC and TG concentrations were diminished at day 14. Incorporation
of [3H]H2O into TG decreased at days 7 and 21, and incorporation of [3H]H2O into FC increased at day 14. In the HT pups, growth rate was diminished, tetraiodothyronine concentration rose at days 7
and 14 of lactation, and triiodothyronine increased only at day 14, Liver TG concentrations increased at day 7 and fell at
day 14, while FC increased at day 14 and only acetyl CoA carboxylase activity fell at day 14. Thus, hyperthyroidism changed
maternal liver and mammary lipid metabolism, with decreased lipid concentration in spite of increased liver rate of synthesis
and decreased in mammary synthesis. These changes, along with the mild hyperthyroidism of the litters, may have contributed
to their reduced growth rate. 相似文献
13.
Postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism and insulin sensitivity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Maurizio Cassader Roberto Gambino Giovanni Musso Nadia Depetris Fabio Mecca Paolo Cavallo-Perin Giovanni Pacini Mario Rizzetto Gianfranco Pagano 《Lipids》2001,36(10):1117-1124
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a syndrome frequently associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia.
Increased fasting insulinemia and blood glucose levels may trigger a reduced catabolism of lipoproteins rich in triglycerides
by lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and an increase in their fasting and postprandial levels. An association between postprandial
lipemia and coronary heart disease has been observed, and many studies now support this concept. The most important result
of our study is the increase in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins response after a fat load in NASH patients, the increase of
incremental area under the postprandial curve, and the duration of the hypertriglyceridemic peaks. The persisting postprandial
plasma triglyceride elevation in NASH patients was mostly due to the elevated plasma level of large triglyceride-rich particles.
These data are coupled with lower plasma HDL2-cholesterol levels. As for lipoprotein analyses, the number of apolipoprotein
B100 (ApoB100) particles is not significantly different between the two groups, and the higher content of triglycerides in
NASH very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) increases the triglyceride-to-ApoB ratio and the particle size. A decreased enzymatic
activity of LPL or a defective assembly and secretion of VLDL from hepatocytes due to a moderate reduction in microsomal triglyceride
transfer protein could be involved in the overloading of VLDL. Moreover, the undetectable levels of ApoB48 in triglyceride-rich
lipoproteins fraction A could be related to the synthesis of smaller and denser chylomicrons. NASH patients not only are insulin
resistant but also tend to present alterations in fatty meal delivery, suggesting that an increase in fasting plasma insulin
and glucose, with insulin resistance, joins with depressed metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. An increase in postprandial
triglyceride levels with production of large VLDL suggests an atherogenic behavior of lipid metabolism, in accordance with
the high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in NASH patients. This paper suggests that a fat load may be useful in early
detection of atherogenic risk in the presence of otherwise normal fasting plasma lipids. 相似文献
14.
Prenatal malnutrition is known to affect the phenotype of the offspring through changes in epigenetic regulation. Growing evidence suggests that epigenetics is one of the mechanisms by which nutrients and minerals affect metabolic traits. Although the perinatal period is the time of highest phenotypic plasticity, which contributes largely to developmental programming, there is evidence of nutritional influence on epigenetic regulation during adulthood. Calcium (Ca) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance syndrome. Cortisol, the most important glucocorticoid, is considered to lead to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 is a key enzyme that catalyzes the intracellular conversion of cortisone to physiologically active cortisol. This brief review aims to identify the effects of Ca deficiency during pregnancy and/or lactation on insulin resistance in the offspring. Those findings demonstrate that maternal Ca deficiency during pregnancy may affect the epigenetic regulation of gene expression and thereby induce different metabolic phenotypes. We aim to address the need for Ca during pregnancy and propose the scaling-up of clinical and public health approaches that improved pregnancy outcomes. 相似文献
15.
Mosquera M Pradilla A Gracia B Cruz ML Sánchez AF de Plata CA 《Archivos latinoamericanos de nutrición》2007,57(1):18-25
The prevalence of insulin resistance and risk factors for chronic diseases is not known in Colombia. The purpose of the study was of determine the association of insulin resistance and risk of chronic diseases in young, apparently healthy adults. By convenience, 97 subjects, mean age of 24 years were studied. Family and personal history, anthropometrics, lipid profile, and a short insulin tolerance test was done to each subject to identify prevalence of insulin resistance and its association with risk factors. Plasma lipids and anthropometrics were within acceptable range. Insulin sensitivity was categorized as high, border high, border low and low. Out of 97 subjects 47 had altered sensitivity. Most women (68%) were classified as border low, and most men (60%) as low. There was a difference between these two categories in waist circumference and weight. Border low and low cases had not less than 3 risk factors but the total number of factors was not different within the 4 groups. More than 50% of cases had family history of chronic diseases, sedentary life and low C-HDL. There was a negative association between insulin sensitivity and fasting Glycaemia and positive with fasting triglycerides, BMI, Waist hip ratio and weight. Results suggest a surprisingly high prevalence of risk factors in a young group associated with altered insulin sensitivity. It may be possible to identify early indicators of risk and develop appropriate strategies for prevention. 相似文献
16.
Annexin I in female rabbit reproductive organs: Varying levels in relation to maturity and pregnancy
The level of annexin I, a 36 kDa calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding protein (36 kDa PLBP) in the reproductive organs of
young, mature, and pregnant rabbits was determined immunologically with antibodies raised against purified rabbit lung annexin
I. In the cytosolic fractions of the ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, and placenta, annexin I was the only major immunoreactive
protein. The reproductive organs appeared to have higher annexin I levels than most nonreproductive organ tissues, except
the lung and the spleen which were also rich in annexin I. A small amount of annexin I and a nearly equal amount of its hydrolytic
product, a 33 kDa polypeptide, were detected in the amniotic fluid between 21 and 27 days gestation. Structural similarity
of annexin I in the reproductive organs and in the lung was suggested by their identical isoelectric point values. Annexin
I in the ovary of adult rabbits was 70% higher than that in the respective organ of immature rabbits. The uterus of pregnant
rabbits had about 84% higher annexin I contents than that of the nonpregnant rabbits., The placenta had more annexin I per
mg cytosolic protein than either the ovary or the uterus during pregnancy. The high concentration of annexin I in the reproductive
organs may reflect specific functions of these organs in the reproductive years and during the reproductive cycle. 相似文献
17.
Sara Whittle Donald C. Swartzendruber Mary Kremer Christopher A. Squier Philip W. Wertz 《Lipids》1997,32(9):961-964
The hamster cheek pouch is a much used but incompletely understood experimental model. In particular, the cheek pouch epithelial
lipids, which are important for permeability barrier function as well as other aspects of epithelial biology, have not been
completely characterized. In the present study, the complete lipid class composition has been determined by thin-layer chromatography
in conjunction with photodensitometry. The major lipid classes were phospholipids, free sterols, and ceramides. Minor amounts
of monohexosylceramides, sterol esters, fatty acids, and triglycerides were also present. Significant amounts of covalently
bound ω-hydroxyceramide was also detected. Transmission electron micrographs reveal extensive, largely paired, lipid bilayers
in the intercellular spaces of the stratum corneum. 相似文献
18.
Sprague-Dawley rats were fed purified diets varying in both protein (20%) and lipid (11%) content for 28 d to verify the independent
and interactive effects of dietary proteins and lipids on serum and hepatic lipids, and on tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
activity in both fasted and postprandial states. These diets consisted of either casein-menhaden oil, casein-coconut oil,
soy protein-menhaden oil (SPMO), soy protein-coconut oil, cod protein-menhaden oil, or cod protein-coconut oil. A randomized
3×2 factorial design was used. A significant protein-lipid interaction was seen on serum triglyceride levels: menhaden oil,
compared with coconut oil, induced a decrease in serum triglyceride levels when combined with soy protein but not when combined
with cod protein and casein. The lower serum triglyceride concentrations observed in the SPMO-fed rats could be the result
of decreased hepatic triglycerides when soy protein was compared with casein and when menhaden oil was compared with coconut
oil. Total LPL activity in the heart was higher in menhaden oil-fed rats than in coconut oil-fed rats in the postprandial
state. The higher LPL activity in the heart could, however, explain only 10% of the reduction of serum triglycerides, contributing
slightly to the lowering effects of SPMO diet on serum triglycerides. Therefore, the present results indicate that dietary
proteins can modulate the effects of fish oil on triglyceridemia in the rat, and that could be mainly related to specific
alterations in hepatic lipid concentrations. 相似文献
19.
Bojana Mii Ana Teofilovi Ana Djordjevic Nataa Veli
kovi Djuro Macut Danijela Vojnovi Milutinovi 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(16)
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a well-known reproductive syndrome usually associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia. Although the first signs of PCOS begin early in adolescence, it is underexplored whether peripubertal obesity predisposes women to PCOS metabolic disturbances. To highlight that, we examined the impact of postnatal overfeeding-induced obesity, achieved by litter size reduction during the suckling period, on metabolic disturbances associated with visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) function in the 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT)-induced animal model of PCOS. We analyzed markers of insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, and energy sensing in the VAT and SAT. Our results showed that postnatally overfed DHT-treated Wistar rats had increased VAT mass with hypertrophic adipocytes, together with hyperinsulinemia and increased HOMA index. In the VAT of these animals, insulin signaling remained unchanged while lipogenic markers decreased, which was accompanied by increased AMPK activation. In the SAT of the same animals, markers of lipogenesis and lipolysis increased, while the activity of AMPK decreased. Taken together, obtained results showed that postnatal overfeeding predisposes development of PCOS systemic insulin resistance, most likely as a result of worsened metabolic function of SAT, while VAT preserved its tissue insulin sensitivity through increased activity of AMPK. 相似文献
20.
Agnieszka U. B?achnio-Zabielska Marcin Baranowski Tomasz Hirnle Piotr Zabielski Anna Lewczuk Iwona Dmitruk Jan Górski 《Lipids》2012,47(12):1131-1141
Obesity is a risk factor for metabolic diseases. Intramuscular lipid accumulation of ceramides, diacylglycerols, and long chain acyl-CoA is responsible for the induction of insulin resistance. These lipids are probably implicated in obesity-associated insulin resistance not only in skeletal muscle but also in fat tissue. Only few data are available about ceramide content in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. However, there are no data on DAG and LCACoA content in adipose tissue. The aim of our study was to measure the lipids content in human SAT and epicardial adipose tissue we sought to determine the bioactive lipids content by LC/MS/MS in fat tissue from lean non-diabetic, obese non-diabetic, and obese diabetic subjects and test whether the lipids correlate with HOMA-IR. We found, that total content of measured lipids was markedly higher in OND and OD subjects in both types of fat tissue (for all p?<?0.001) as compared to LND group. In SAT we found positive correlation between HOMA-IR and C16:0-Cer (r?=?0.79, p?<?0.001) and between HOMA-IR and C16:0/18:2 DAG (r?=?0.56, p?<?0.001). In EAT we found a strong correlation between C16:0-CoA content and HOMA-IR (r?=?0.73, p?<?0.001). The study showed that in obese and obese diabetic patients, bioactive lipids content is greater in subcutaneous and epicardial fat tissue and the particular lipids content positively correlates with HOMA-IR. 相似文献