Effect of constant and variable temperature drying processes on drying characteristics,quality, and volatile profile of rose petals in infrared-assisted spouted bed drying

The edible rose (Rosa Crimson Glory) petals were dried using infrared-assisted spouted bed drying technology. The effects of different drying temperature conditions (30, 35, 40, 45, and 50°C, as well as stepped heating drying [SHD] and stepped cooling drying) on the drying characteristics, physicochemical properties, antioxidant capacity, and changes in volatile flavor compounds of the rose petals were investigated. The results showed that the drying time was shortened with increasing drying temperature. Both variable temperature drying processes gave the shortest drying times. Optimal color retention of rose petals was achieved at a constant temperature of 40°C and SHD. Increased drying temperature resulted in higher water-soluble polysaccharide content in the dried rose petals, whereas lower temperatures facilitated anthocyanin preservation. The variable temperature drying processes favored the retention of water-soluble polysaccharides in rose petals, but not anthocyanins. Regarding antioxidant capacity, the samples dried at 40°C and those subjected to the two variable temperature drying processes performed better. This study also analyzed the differences in volatile flavor compounds of rose petals dried under different drying conditions. It was found that the majority of volatile flavor compounds in the rose petals dried by SHD exhibited higher content levels than the other drying conditions. Therefore, considering a thorough evaluation of all relevant factors, it was clear that utilizing the SHD process was the most efficient method for obtaining the best quality rose petals overall.     

超声波辅助提取对亚麻籽油得率和品质的影响

以亚麻籽为原料,利用超声波辅助提取技术提取亚麻籽油,研究超声波辅助提取工艺参数对亚麻籽油提取得率和品质的影响。结果表明:虽然较高的提取温度、超声波功率和较长的提取时间在一定程度上利于亚麻籽油提取得率的增加,但是却会导致亚麻籽油品质下降(酸值、过氧化值升高,碘值降低)。综合考虑亚麻籽油的提取得率和品质,各因素对亚麻籽油生产影响的主次顺序为:超声波功率提取温度提取时间。根据正交试验,超声波辅助提取亚麻籽油的最优工艺参数为:提取时间25 min,提取温度35℃,超声波功率800 W。     

不同方法提取胡麻油性质的对比研究

采用Schaal烘箱法对不同方法提取的胡麻油的氧化性质进行了对比研究。试验结果表明:由3种方法提取的胡麻油的自氧化试验可知,过氧化值变化由大到小为冷榨胡麻油、超临界CO2提油、溶剂提油。碘值变化从大到小的顺序为超临界提油、冷榨胡麻油、溶剂提油;酸值变化从大到小的顺序为超临界提油、溶剂提油、冷榨胡麻油;黏度变化从大到小的是超临界提油、冷榨胡麻油、溶剂提油。3种胡麻油中特征值变化最大的是超临界CO2提取的胡麻油。     

Experimental and parametric study on drying of green peas in spouted bed

Drying of Green Peas (Pisum sativum) was studied experimentally in a lab‐scale spouted bed. Experiments were carried out at different operating conditions, and the effect of inlet air temperature and its flow rate, bed height (initial mass of wet particles) and average diameter of particles were examined on performance of dryer and rate of drying. The obtained experimental results were fitted by an exponential form equation to model the drying kinetic behaviour of green peas in a spouted bed. The fitting parameters are presented in the form of mathematical correlations as a function of operating parameters. As expected, it was found that by increasing inlet air temperature and air‐flow rate, the rate of drying increases, but by increasing the bed height and diameter of particles, the rate of drying decreases. The results can help the design engineers to choose the optimum drying conditions for industrial applications.     

微波处理对亚麻籽油品质的影响

采用微波技术对亚麻籽粉进行处理,探讨了微波处理条件对亚麻籽粉中生氰糖苷含量、出油率以及亚麻籽油品质的影响。结果表明:微波处理可有效降低亚麻籽粉中生氰糖苷的含量,增加亚麻籽粉的出油率;对亚麻籽油中的黄酮和多酚类物质、类胡萝卜素、甾醇都有一定程度的提高,但亚麻籽油的过氧化值、酸值也会增加,碘值下降。     

不同制取方法对亚麻籽油和亚麻籽粕品质影响研究

以未处理和焙炒处理后的亚麻籽为原料,采用溶剂浸提、液压压榨和螺旋压榨三种制油工艺,得到六种亚麻籽油和粕,探讨不同制取方法对亚麻籽油和亚麻籽粕品质的影响。结果表明：焙炒溶剂浸提法样品出油率最高（34.50%）;在三种制油工艺中,焙炒处理后制得的亚麻籽油过氧化值和酸价均高于未处理组,但焙炒前处理可以提高亚麻籽油中总酚和维生素E含量;此外,制取工艺对亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性也有一定影响,其中螺旋压榨油氧化稳定性最好,且同种制取工艺间焙炒前处理可以增强亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性;制取工艺和焙炒前处理对亚麻籽油中亚麻酸含量和不饱和脂肪酸含量影响不显著,但焙炒处理组中的吡嗪、吡咯物质分别比未处理组高5.1%、15.8%、9.3%,未处理组中的醇类物质分别比焙炒处理组高6.1%、11.8%、3.7%。不同制取方法得到的亚麻籽粕中,未处理液压粕粗脂肪、粗蛋白和NSI（氮溶解系数）最高,焙炒螺旋压榨粕木脂素聚合物含量（16.70%）最高,且NSI也处于较高水平（33.13%）;焙炒螺旋亚麻籽粕木脂素聚合物对DPPH、ABTS自由基清除率的半数清除率（IC50）分别为0.49 mg/mL和0.88 mg/mL。本研究结果对亚麻籽油的产业发展和亚麻籽加工副产物的利用提供了参考。     

喷动床在农产品干燥中的研究进展

农产品干燥是农产品加工业中一项非常重要的技术,为农产品原料的利用和新产品的开发提供了更多可能.能效和干燥产品的质量是农产品干燥的2个关键指标,喷动床干燥技术是这2个关键指标的有效提高途径之一.该文简述了喷动床技术在干燥农产品的应用中的研究进展,介绍了喷动床的结构、工作原理及其应用现状,分析了喷动床干燥农产品主要的优缺点...     

Image analysis and quality attributes of malting barley grain dried with infrared radiation and in a spouted bed

The impact of drying two spring barley cultivars (Mauritia and Prestige) in a spouted‐bed and in infrared radiation (IR) dryers on grain dimensions, colour, pigment content, vitality and malt quality was investigated. The results indicate that the investigated drying methods led to kernel dimension changes. Kernel shrinkage was typical of spouted bed drying, while kernel expansion was observed after IR drying at the intensity of 900 W m^?2. An increase in the intensity of yellowness (b*) on the surface of dried grain and a decrease in the yellowness intensity of kernel cross‐section were also observed. The aforementioned changes were associated with the decomposition of carotenoids (endosperm colour) and reduction of soluble proanthocyanidin and total phenolic compounds (surface colour). The drying processes also lowered germination energy and capacity, in addition to susceptibility to moisture diffusion into the endosperm. These adverse results were cultivar dependent and affected the quality of malt and wort only to a limited extent. The main changes were an increase in the Kolbach index in malt from Mauritia cv., and a fluctuation of the diastatic power of malt that did not exceed ±3%. Generally, drying of barley grain in spouted bed should be conducted at an inlet air temperature of 40 °C and using an IR drier at a radiation intensity of 600 W m^?2.     

炒籽温度对压榨亚麻籽油品质的影响

采用不同温度对亚麻籽进行炒籽并压榨制油,对压榨亚麻籽油的感官品质、理化指标及营养成分进行分析,研究炒籽温度对压榨亚麻籽油品质的影响。结果表明:随着炒籽温度的升高,压榨亚麻籽油的气味从坚果芳香过渡到严重焦糊味,色泽加深,在195℃炒籽45 min时形成热榨亚麻籽油特有的浓香型风味;营养成分如VE、总酚以及甾醇含量随炒籽温度升高而逐渐减少,在255℃炒籽45 min时,3种营养成分的损失率分别为75. 7%、76. 5%和88. 9%;酸价、过氧化值、茴香胺值、K232值、K270值随炒籽温度升高而增加,且炒籽温度对压榨亚麻籽油中主要脂肪酸含量有显著影响;适当炒籽对压榨亚麻籽油的氧化稳定性是有利的;高温炒籽压榨亚麻籽油中的营养成分含量与其理化指标密切相关,进而共同影响压榨亚麻籽油的品质。     

红外—喷动床联合干燥设备研制与分析

为较好地解决单一红外干燥均匀性差的问题,利用红外加热高效节能的特点,结合喷动床流动性好、传热均匀的特点,设计了红外联合喷动床干燥设备。该装置包括喷动床干燥系统、红外辐射加热系统、回风式空气调节系统、动力循环系统和控制系统等。并以新鲜毛豆为物料,对该装置干燥均匀性和产品品质进行试验验证。结果表明,单一红外干燥耗时270 min,而红外—喷动床联合干燥耗时160 min,与单一的红外干燥相比,红外—喷动床联合干燥时间缩短了40.7%;同时,红外—喷动床联合干燥设备减轻了毛豆仁干瘪皱缩现象,使干制品具有较好的豆香味和感官品质。     

不同方法提取的葡萄籽油品质研究

以酿酒后同一批次葡萄籽为原料,采用索氏法、微波辅助法、超声波辅助法、超临界CO2萃取4种方法提取葡萄籽油。分别从提取率、油品理化性质、脂肪酸组分及含量方面对4种提取方法进行比较。结果表明,不同提取方法对葡萄籽油各脂肪酸组分、含量及提取率均有不同程度的影响,采用微波辅助提取率最高,达16.85%;采用超临界CO2萃取的葡萄籽油理化指标均优于其它方法;其中超临界CO2萃取的葡萄籽油亚油酸含量最高,达70.54%。     

干燥方法对洋葱精油提取率及

选用热风干燥（AD）、真空冷冻干燥（FD）和微波冷冻干燥（MFD）将新鲜洋葱制成洋葱粉,用蒸馏法提取洋葱精油,对比3种干燥方法下洋葱粉精油的提取率及DPPH自由基清除能力。结果表明,采用微波冷冻干燥洋葱粉提取洋葱精油,得率可达4.57%,且提取时间最短。洋葱精油提取的较优条件为MFD洋葱粉、温浸温度40 ℃、温浸时间50 min,该条件下得到的洋葱精油具有较强的DPPH自由基清除能力。     

红外烘烤对水代法制取芝麻香油品质的影响

以白芝麻为原料,研究红外烘烤条件对水代芝麻香油品质的影响。结果表明:随着红外烘烤温度的升高及烘烤时间的延长,芝麻香油的色泽加深、诱导时间延长、过氧化值增大,而对酸价的影响不显著。      

亚麻籽胶为壁材制备枸杞油微胶囊的研究

采用喷雾干燥法制备枸杞油为芯材、亚麻籽胶为壁材的微胶囊,并以微胶囊化效率和含油率为考察指标,考察了制备工艺。结果表明,最佳微胶囊原料配方为:壁材与芯材的比例为(m:m)2:3;最佳喷雾干燥工艺条件:进风温度为180℃,出风温度为70℃,雾化器转速24000r/min,进料速度为46.21mL/min。在此工艺条件下枸杞油的微胶囊化效率为93.29%,含油率为45.62%。     

亚麻籽低温冷榨制油工艺研究

介绍了亚麻籽及亚麻籽油的主要成分及营养功能,阐述了亚麻籽低温冷榨制油的工艺过程,并对各关键工序进行了详细说明。     

基于电场分布的单波导矩形微波喷动床结构设计

针对矩形微波喷动床,基于喷动腔内电场强度及电场分布均匀性进行结构分析与优化。采用的评价指标为反映电场分布均匀性的变异系数COV、平均电场强度E_(mean)和反映电场局部集聚参数E_(max)/E_(mean)。利用多物理场耦合软件COMSOL Multiphysics对喷动腔内电场强度进行数值模拟,通过单因素和正交试验法分别分析喷动床结构参数a(喷动床宽)、H(波导位置)和L(喷动床高)对评价指标的影响。结果发现,a对COV和E_(max)/E_(mean)的影响最显著,H对E_(mean)的影响最显著;a与L的交互作用对COV,E_(mean)和E_(max)/E_(mean)的影响均显著。单波导矩形微波喷动床的优化结构为:a=427mm,H=200mm,L=1 000mm。     

亚麻籽胶微波辅助提取与热水浸提方法比较研究

本研究通过单因素和正交优化试验分别确定了热水浸提与微波辅助提取两种方法提取亚麻籽胶的最佳工艺条件。结果表明,热水浸提法提取亚麻籽胶的最佳工艺为:温度80℃、时间6 h、料液比1:10、提取次数1次;该条件下亚麻籽胶得率为7.28%,所得的亚麻籽胶中,多糖质量分数为68.13%,蛋白质质量分数为10.21%。微波辅助提取的最佳工艺为:温度80℃、时间1 h、料液比1:10、输出功率600 W、搅拌速度900r/min、提取次数1次;该条件下亚麻籽胶得率为6.46%,其中多糖质量分数为63.13%,蛋白质质量分数为13.75%。通过扫描电镜对提胶前后亚麻籽表面微观形态分析表明,胶液的溶出会破坏亚麻籽表面,微波处理对亚麻籽表层结构破坏大于热水浸提。红外吸收光谱分析表明,所得提取物在1 410 cm~(-1)的C-H变角振动和2 930 cm~(-1)的C-H伸缩振动以及1 039 cm~(-1)的O-H变角振动,构成了糖环的特征吸收峰,证明获得的亚麻籽提取物为亚麻籽胶。     

不同干燥方法对苹果片品质的影响

不同干燥方法对苹果片品质的影响不同,探讨了普通热风干燥、远红外线干燥及微波干燥3种方法对苹果片品质(VC的含量、总酸度、复水性及感官品质)的影响。试验结果表明:微波干燥对于苹果片品质的影响最小,其次是普通热风干燥,远红外线干燥则对苹果片品质影响最大;综合考虑苹果片中VC的含量、总酸度、复水性及感官品质等的变化,三种干燥方法中微波干燥是苹果片适宜的干制方法。     

不同提取方法所得茶油的品质比较

通过茶油的感官指标、理化指标及部分功能性成分含量,比较水酶法、水代法、压榨法、超临界CO2萃取法以及有机溶剂浸出法所得茶油的品质。结果表明,水代法和水酶法茶油的感官指标和理化指标相近,并优于其他方法所提茶油。茶油中的维生素E(VE)几乎全部是α-VE。压榨茶油中角鲨烯含量最高,VE含量最低;超临界提取的茶油中VE含量最高,水代法、水酶法与浸出法所得茶油角鲨烯和VE含量相近。各方法提取的茶油中脂肪酸组成没有显著差异。