基于比例边界有限元法和有限元法的水下结构瞬态分析方法

针对冲击波作用下水下结构与无限声学水域的流固耦合问题,建立了基于比例边界有限元法和有限元法的瞬态分析方法。无限水域用比例边界有限元法离散,而水下结构等有限域用有限元法模拟。该方法利用声学近似法将无限水域施加给水下结构的载荷分解成冲击波载荷和散射波载荷。冲击波载荷由水下冲击波理论确定,而散射波载荷由比例边界有限元法估值。为改善比例边界有限元法动态质量矩阵的计算效率,发展了动态质量矩阵的时域递推公式。数值算例分析结果表明了所发展的瞬态分析方法和时域递推公式的正确性。     

基于比例边界有限元法动态刚度矩阵的坝库耦合分析方法

针对坝体在水平向激励下的瞬态耦合问题和基于比例边界有限元法,推导了等横截面半无限水库的动态刚度矩阵,其值用贝赛尔函数计算。基于该动态刚度矩阵,建立了有限元法与比例边界有限元法的耦合方程,分析了水平向激励下任意几何形状的半无限水库的瞬态响应。其中,半无限水库分解成用有限元离散的任意几何形状的近场域和用比例边界有限元法模拟的远场域即等横截面半无限水库。通过比较动态刚度矩阵和动态质量矩阵模拟等横截面半无限水库的计算效率,发现它们计算精度相同,但动态刚度矩阵效率更高。数值算例表明了所发展的动态刚度矩阵与其耦合方程的正确性。     

计及二阶效应的梁杆系统动力响应分析方法研究

基于动力刚度法和有限元理论提出了一种考虑二阶效应计算梁杆动力响应的新方法。通过求解轴向力作用下Bernoulli-Euler 梁横向和轴向挠度自由振动微分方程,利用位移边界条件反解出待定系数,得到了动态精确形函数;使用经典有限元方法推导了考虑截面自身旋转惯量的质量阵和考虑二阶效应的刚度阵,该质量阵和刚度阵各元素均为轴力和圆频率的超越函数;建立了杆系结构瞬态动力学分析的动力平衡方程,给出了稳定和高效的求解方案。对几个典型的算例进行了计算分析,并与通用软件ANSYS 的计算结果进行了比较。计算结果表明:该分析梁杆系统动力响应的新方法具有较高的计算精度和效率,特别是能够准确地计入轴力对于梁杆动力响应的影响。     

A scaled boundary finite element formulation for dynamic elastoplastic analysis

This study presents the development of the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) to simulate elastoplastic stress wave propagation problems subjected to transient dynamic loadings. Material nonlinearity is considered by first reformulating the SBFEM to obtain an explicit form of shape functions for polygons with an arbitrary number of sides. The material constitutive matrix and the residual stress fields are then determined as analytical polynomial functions in the scaled boundary coordinates through a local least squares fit to evaluate the elastoplastic stiffness matrix and the residual load vector semianalytically. The treatment of the inertial force within the solution of the nonlinear system of equations is also presented within the SBFEM framework. The nonlinear equation system is solved using the unconditionally stable Newmark time integration algorithm. The proposed formulation is validated using several benchmark numerical examples.     

基于连分式与有限元法的坝库耦合瞬态分析方法

为高效模拟地震激励下坝库耦合瞬态响应,建立了无限水库的连分式与有限元法的耦合公式。结合坝体有限元公式,利用坝库耦合项,发展了坝库耦合瞬态分析迭代算法。利用该算法分析了水平向地震激励下重力坝的瞬态响应。比较了基于连分式法、动态刚度矩阵法、动态质量矩阵法模拟坝库耦合问题的计算效率。数值算例表明该耦合算法模拟坝库耦合瞬态响应的正确性及高效性。该方法继承了比例边界有限元法的精度高、离散单元少等特点,又避免了其卷积积分,提升其计算效率,为坝库耦合瞬态响应提供了一种高效分析方法。     

Dynamic analysis of large-scale SSI systems for layered unbounded media via a parallelized coupled finite-element/boundary-element/scaled boundary finite-element model

An algorithm for a parallelized coupled model based on finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM), and scaled boundary FEM (SBFEM) for harmonic and transient dynamic response of large-scale 2D structures embedded in or on layered soil media is presented. The BEM and SBFEM are used for modelling the dynamic response of the unbounded media. The standard FEM is used for modelling the finite region and the embedded structure. The objective of the development of this parallelized coupled model is to use the power of high performance computing, and to take into account the advantages and evade the disadvantages of the above mentioned numerical methods for modelling of the unbounded media in soil-structure interaction (SSI) systems. The development of the parallel algorithm for this model is essential for solving arbitrarily shaped large-scale SSI problems, which cannot be solved within reasonable elapsed times by a serial algorithm. The efficiency of the proposed parallel algorithm and the validity of the coupled model are shown by means of three numerical examples, indicating the excellent accuracy and applicability of the parallel algorithm with considerable time-savings in large-scale problems.     

多边形比例边界有限元非线性高效分析方法

比例边界有限元法作为一种高精度的半解析数值求解方法,特别适合于求解无限域与应力奇异性等问题,多边形比例边界单元在模拟裂纹扩展过程、处理局部网格重剖分等方面相较于有限单元法具有明显优势。目前,比例边界有限元法更多关注的是线弹性问题的求解,而非线性比例边界单元的研究则处于起步阶段。该文将高效的隔离非线性有限元法用于比例边界单元的非线性分析,提出了一种高效的隔离非线性比例边界有限元法。该方法认为每个边界线单元覆盖的区域为相互独立的扇形子单元,其形函数以及应变-位移矩阵可通过半解析的弹性解获得;每个扇形区的非线性应变场通过设置非线性应变插值点来表达,引入非线性本构关系即可实现多边形比例边界单元高效非线性分析。多边形比例边界单元的刚度通过集成每个扇形子单元的刚度获取,扇形子单元的刚度可采用高斯积分方案进行求解,其精度保持不变。由于引入了较多的非线性应变插值点,舒尔补矩阵维数较大,该文采用Woodbury近似法对隔离非线性比例边界单元的控制方程进行求解。该方法对大规模非线性问题的计算具有较高的计算效率,数值算例验证了算法的正确性以及高效性,将该方法进行推广,对实际工程分析具有重要意义。     

A modified scaled boundary finite element method for three‐dimensional dynamic soil‐structure interaction in layered soil

This paper is devoted to the analysis of elastodynamic problems in 3D‐layered systems which are unbounded in the horizontal direction. For this purpose, a finite element model of the near field is coupled to a scaled boundary finite element model (SBFEM) of the far field. The SBFEM is originally based on describing the geometry of a half‐space or full‐space domain by scaling the geometry of the near field / far field interface using a radial coordinate. A modified form of the SBFEM for waves in a 2D layer is also available. None of these existing formulations can be used to describe a 3D‐layered medium. In this paper, a modified SBFEM for the analysis of 3D‐layered continua is derived. Based on the use of a scaling line instead of a scaling centre, a suitable scaled boundary transformation is proposed. The derivation of the corresponding scaled boundary finite element (SBFE) equations in displacement and stiffness is presented in detail. The latter is a nonlinear differential equation with respect to the radial coordinate, which has to be solved numerically for each excitation frequency considered in the analysis. Various numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy of the new method and its correct implementation. These include rigid circular and square foundations embedded in or resting on the surface of layered homogeneous or inhomogeneous 3D soil deposits over rigid bedrock. Hysteretic damping is assumed in some cases. The dynamic stiffness coefficients calculated using the proposed method are compared with analytical solutions or existing highly accurate numerical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Diagonalization procedure for scaled boundary finite element method in modeling semi‐infinite reservoir with uniform cross‐section

To improve the ability of the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) in the dynamic analysis of dam–reservoir interaction problems in the time domain, a diagonalization procedure was proposed, in which the SBFEM was used to model the reservoir with uniform cross‐section. First, SBFEM formulations in the full matrix form in the frequency and time domains were outlined to describe the semi‐infinite reservoir. No sediments and the reservoir bottom absorption were considered. Second, a generalized eigenproblem consisting of coefficient matrices of the SBFEM was constructed and analyzed to obtain corresponding eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Finally, using these eigenvalues and eigenvectors to normalize the SBFEM formulations yielded diagonal SBFEM formulations. A diagonal dynamic stiffness matrix and a diagonal dynamic mass matrix were derived. An efficient method was presented to evaluate them. In this method, no Riccati equation and Lyapunov equations needed solving and no Schur decomposition was required, which resulted in great computational costs saving. The correctness and efficiency of the diagonalization procedure were verified by numerical examples in the frequency and time domains, but the diagonalization procedure is only applicable for the SBFEM formulation whose scaling center is located at infinity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

扭转振动数值分析的粘弹性传输边界

传输边界是动力问题有限元计算中常见的边界处理方式。该文针对扭转振动引起半无限域内柱面剪切波有限元分析的传输边界,通过两种近似推导,提出了两种粘弹性传输边界,并对其计算精度进行了计算分析。数值分析结果显示,两种粘弹性边界都可以较好地模拟扭转振动分析时地基的无限性。同时,对这里考虑的扭转振动来说,粘弹性边界条件中的弹簧刚度与实际静力刚度相等时,传输边界的精度更高。     

基于X-SBFEM的裂纹体非网格重剖分耦合模型研究

扩展有限元法利用了非网格重剖分技术,但需要基于裂尖解析解构造复杂的插值基函数,计算精度受网格疏密和插值基函数等因素影响。比例边界有限元法则在求解无限域和裂尖奇异性问题优势明显,两者衔接于有限元法理论内,可建立一种结合二者优势的断裂耦合数值模型。该文从虚功原理出发,利用位移协调与力平衡机制,提出了一种断裂计算的新方法X-SBFEM,达到了扩展有限元模拟裂纹主体、比例边界有限元模拟裂尖的目的。在数值算例中,通过边裂纹和混合型裂纹的应力强度因子计算,并与理论解对比,验证了该方法的准确性和有效性。     

A semi‐analytical curved element for linear elasticity based on the scaled boundary finite element method

This work introduces a semi‐analytical formulation for the simulation and modeling of curved structures based on the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM). This approach adapts the fundamental idea of the SBFEM concept to scale a boundary to describe a geometry. Until now, scaling in SBFEM has exclusively been performed along a straight coordinate that enlarges, shrinks, or shifts a given boundary. In this novel approach, scaling is based on a polar or cylindrical coordinate system such that a boundary is shifted along a curved scaling direction. The derived formulations are used to compute the static and dynamic stiffness matrices of homogeneous curved structures. The resulting elements can be coupled to general SBFEM or FEM domains. For elastodynamic problems, computations are performed in the frequency domain. Results of this work are validated using the global matrix method and standard finite element analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new analysis of the complex two-dimensional multilayered anisotropic soil in time domain

The dynamic analysis of two-dimensionalmultilayered anisotropic soilwith rigid bedrock is studied. An efficient numerical approach named the modified scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is proposed in the time domain. Based on introducing the continued fraction method and auxiliary variables, the time domain solution is obtained. This solution can be applied to the transversely isotropic medium without any difficulty. For the modified SBFEM, the original scaling center is replaced by a scaling line. These characteristics enable the modified SBFEM to model the horizontal layered medium. Three significant technologies have been introduced in the formula derivation and solving process. First, the dual system is used to derive the displacement equation of the modified SBFEM, which is built on a Hamilton system. According to the principle of virtual work, the displacement equation is transformed to the dynamic stiffness equation. Second, the new continued fraction method for the unbounded domain resting on rigid bedrock is proposed. By introducing auxiliary variables, the displacement equation of motion of an unbounded domain is built. Third, it is an extremely important point that the accurate precise time-integration method is first employed to solve the global equation of motion of the modified SBFEM. This numerical integral method can achieve the machine precision. By using this method in solving the equation of motion of the modified SBFEM, an extremely accurate solution can be achieved. Finally, numerical examples validate the accuracy of the new proposed method, especially for the complex inclined model with anisotropic soil.     

A dynamic infinite element for three-dimensional infinite-domain wave problems

A three-dimensional dynamic infinite element which satisfies the following requirements: (1) displacement compatibility on the interface between finite and infinite elements; (2) definition of the wave propagation and amplitude attenuation behaviours in the infinite element using wave propagation functions; (3) convergence of the generalized integrals related to mass and stiffness matrices of the infinite element: and (4) displacement continuity along the common boundary of neighbouring infinite elements in the case of simulating multiple material layers or multiple wave numbers within the foundation, is presented in this paper. Since P-waves, S-waves and R-waves in the foundation can be simulated Simultaneously in the present infinite element, the seismic response of an arch-dam-foundation system, especially a thin double-curvature arch-dam-foundation system where the boundary element loses its competitive capacity with the finite element, can be economically calculated by coupling this infinite element with conventional finite elements. The good accuracy obtained using the present infinite element and finite element coupling model to simulate foundation wave problems has been proven by comparing the current numerical results with previous analytical results.     

The scaled boundary finite element method in structural dynamics

The scaled boundary finite element method is extended to solve problems of structural dynamics. The dynamic stiffness matrix of a bounded (finite) domain is obtained as a continued fraction solution for the scaled boundary finite element equation. The inertial effect at high frequencies is modeled by high‐order terms of the continued fraction without introducing an internal mesh. By using this solution and introducing auxiliary variables, the equation of motion of the bounded domain is expressed in high‐order static stiffness and mass matrices. Standard procedures in structural dynamics can be applied to perform modal analyses and transient response analyses directly in the time domain. Numerical examples for modal and direct time‐domain analyses are presented. Rapid convergence is observed as the order of continued fraction increases. A guideline for selecting the order of continued fraction is proposed and validated. High computational efficiency is demonstrated for problems with stress singularity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于FEM-SBFEM的水下结构声固耦合分析方法

针对无限水域下的结构冲击响应问题,建立了基于PWA(平面波近似)总场公式和SBFEM(比例边界有限元)总场公式与FEM(有限元)耦合的结构响应分析方法。该方法分别采用PWA总场公式和SBFEM总场公式模拟无限域,FEM方程模拟水下结构。通过将其耦合,建立了PWA-FEM总场公式和SBFEM-FEM总场公式。通过数值算例,讨论了环向单元数量、无限域截断边界大小和形状对总场公式计算准确度的影响,比较了PWA-FEM总场公式和SBFEM-FEM总场公式的计算准确度。数值结果表明了总场公式用于模拟无限水域下结构冲击响应问题的可行性和准确性,且SBFEM-FEM总场公式模拟无限域时,可有效减小有限域离散范围,并对截断边界形状要求不高,适用范围更广,为水下冲击结构响应问题提供了一种有效可行的求解方法。     

基于总场公式的水下冲击结构响应分析方法

针对无限水域下的结构冲击响应问题,建立了基于PWA(平面波近似)总场公式和SBFEM(比例边界有限元)总场公式与FEM(有限元)耦合的结构响应分析方法。该方法分别采用PWA总场公式和SBFEM总场公式模拟无限域,FEM方程模拟水下结构。通过将其耦合,建立了PWA-FEM总场公式和SBFEM-FEM总场公式。通过数值算例,讨论了环向单元数量、无限域截断边界大小和形状对总场公式计算准确度的影响,比较了PWA-FEM总场公式和SBFEM-FEM总场公式的计算准确度。数值结果表明了总场公式用于模拟无限水域下结构冲击响应问题的可行性和准确性,且SBFEM-FEM总场公式模拟无限域时,可有效减小有限域离散范围,并对截断边界形状要求不高,适用范围更广,为水下冲击结构响应问题提供了一种有效可行的求解方法。     

等横截面无限声学水域的连分式公式

基于比例边界有限元法连分式理论,提出了等横截面无限声学水域的连分式公式,推导了高频连分式公式与双渐近连分式公式,比较了连分式公式与动态质量矩阵模拟等截面无限水域的计算效率,发现前者效率优于后者。利用该公式分析了等截面无限声学水域在顺河向激励下的瞬态响应。数值模拟结果表明高频连分式公式的稳定性与收敛性有待改进,而双渐近连分式则具有更好的稳定性和收敛性,能正确模拟等截面无限水域。     

Explicit finite element artificial boundary scheme for transient scalar waves in two‐dimensional unbounded waveguide

To simulate the transient scalar wave propagation in a two‐dimensional unbounded waveguide, an explicit finite element artificial boundary scheme is proposed, which couples the standard dynamic finite element method for complex near field and a high‐order accurate artificial boundary condition (ABC) for simple far field. An exact dynamic‐stiffness ABC that is global in space and time is constructed. A temporal localization method is developed, which consists of the rational function approximation in the frequency domain and the auxiliary variable realization into time domain. This method is applied to the dynamic‐stiffness ABC to result in a high‐order accurate ABC that is local in time but global in space. By discretizing the high‐order accurate ABC along artificial boundary and coupling the result with the standard lumped‐mass finite element equation of near field, a coupled dynamic equation is obtained, which is a symmetric system of purely second‐order ordinary differential equations in time with the diagonal mass and non‐diagonal damping matrices. A new explicit time integration algorithm in structural dynamics is used to solve this equation. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic soil–structure interaction analysis of layered unbounded media via a coupled finite element/boundary element/scaled boundary finite element model

In this paper, a coupled model based on finite element method (FEM), boundary element method (BEM) and scaled boundary FEM (SBFEM) (also referred to as the consistent infinitesimal finite element cell method) for dynamic response of 2D structures resting on layered soil media is presented. The SBFEM proposed by Wolf and Song (Finite‐element Modelling of Unbounded Media. Wiley: England, 1996) and BEM are used for modelling the dynamic response of the unbounded media (far‐field). The standard FEM is used for modelling the finite region (near‐field) and the structure. In SBFEM, which is a semi‐analytical technique, the radiation condition at infinity is satisfied exactly without requiring the fundamental solution. This method, also eliminates the need for the discretization of interfaces between different layers. In both SBFEM and BEM, the spatial dimension is decreased by one. The objective of the development of this coupled model is to combine advantages of above‐mentioned three numerical models to solve various soil–structure interaction (SSI) problems efficiently and effectively. These three methods are coupled (FE–BE–SBFEM) via substructuring method, and a computer programme is developed for the harmonic analyses of SSI systems. The coupled model is established in such a way that, depending upon the problem and far‐field properties, one can choose BEM and/or SBFEM in modelling related far‐field region(s). Thus, BEM and/or SBFEM can be used efficiently in modelling the far‐field. The proposed model is applied to investigate dynamic response of rigid and elastic structures resting on layered soil media. To assess the proposed SSI model, several problems existing in the literature are chosen and analysed. The results of the proposed model agree with the results presented in the literature for the chosen problems. The advantages of the model are demonstrated through these comparisons. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.