掺入外源淀粉的魔芋豆腐体外消化和发酵性能研究

通过体外模拟口腔、胃、小肠消化,探讨掺入淀粉的魔芋豆腐体外消化性能,并将消化后的剩余部分作为小鼠盲肠内容物体外发酵底物,研究其在盲肠中的发酵性能。结果表明,纯魔芋豆腐在口腔、胃、小肠中均不被消化,掺入魔芋豆腐中的淀粉从口腔开始被水解,在胃部不被水解,进入小肠后20 min内即可完成大部分水解,但与纯淀粉相比,掺入魔芋豆腐中的淀粉的快消化淀粉含量减少,总水解率无显著变化,说明脱乙酰基魔芋葡甘聚糖可延缓淀粉消化,但不能阻止淀粉消化。体外模拟盲肠发酵过程中,掺入淀粉的魔芋豆腐降低pH值的能力高于纯魔芋豆腐,但前者生成的短链脂肪酸及发酵24 h后乳酸菌含量少于后者。综上表明,食用掺入淀粉的魔芋豆腐相较纯魔芋豆腐会快速升高血糖和降低魔芋豆腐的肠道益生作用。     

不同肠道菌群利用低聚异麦芽糖体外发酵产短链脂肪酸的初步研究

用人体粪便作为肠道细菌来源,分离不同肠道菌群利用低聚异麦芽糖作为碳源进行体外发酵培养,在不同时间取其发酵液,利用气相色谱法测定发酵液内短链脂肪酸(SCFA)的种类和数量的变化。结果显示,肠道内主要是双歧杆菌、拟杆菌、肠杆菌、乳酸菌和肠球菌菌群,它们都能利用低聚异麦芽糖发酵产生SCFA,但产量和种类各不相同。发酵12 h后,低聚异麦芽糖(IMO)对乙酸的贡献值最大,而丁酸和异丁酸的产量都很少甚至检测不到。     

抗性淀粉的体外产酸发酵研究

分别采用健康成人和健康婴儿的新鲜粪便提取液,在模拟大肠环境下(厌氧,37℃),作用于不同含量的抗性淀粉,发酵不同时间,采用气相色谱法测定不同发酵时间的发酵产物中短链脂肪酸的含量。分析结果表明,对于2种不同的粪便提取液,随着发酵时间的延长和抗性淀粉含量的增加,发酵产物中短链脂肪酸的总含量均逐渐增加,特别是丁酸含量增加显著;但在婴儿粪便提取液的发酵产物中,短链脂肪酸的含量,尤其是丁酸的含量,显著高于成人粪便提取液的发酵产物。     

Different concentrations of grape seed extract affect in vitro starch fermentation by porcine small and large intestinal inocula

BACKGROUND: Grape seed extract (GSE) phenolics have potential health‐promoting properties, either from compounds present within the extract, or metabolites resulting from gastrointestinal tract (GIT) fermentation of these compounds. This study describes how GSE affected the kinetics and end‐products of starch fermentation in vitro using pig intestinal and fecal inocula. Six GSE concentrations (0, 60, 125, 250, 500, and 750 µg ml^?1 were fermented in vitro by porcine ileal and fecal microbiota using starch as the energy source. Cumulative gas production, and end‐point short chain fatty acids and ammonia were measured. RESULTS: GSE phenolics altered the pattern (gas kinetics, and end‐products such as SCFA and NH ) of starch fermentation by both inocula, at concentrations above 250 µg ml^?1. Below this level, neither inoculum showed any significant (P > 0.05) effect of the GSE. CONCLUSION: The results show that GSE phenolics at a concentration over 250 µg ml^?1 can have measurable effects on microbial activity in an in vitro fermentation system, as evidenced by the changes in kinetics and end‐products from starch fermentation. This suggests that fermentation patterns could be conceivably shifted in the actual GIT, though further evidence will be required from in vivo studies. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of substrate adaptation on the microbial fermentation and microbial composition of faecal microbiota of weaning piglets studied in vitro

The in vitro cumulative gas production technique can be used to assess microbial activity of a complex community, in relation to fermentation of a particular energy source. Therefore, in combination with an in vivo study to examine the effects of two different diets for weaning piglets, microbial activities of faeces were compared from animals on the two different diets. The two diets were: CHO diet [containing added fermentable carbohydrates, including sugarbeet pulp (SBP) and wheat starch (WST)], and control diet without any added fermentable carbohydrates. Neither diet contained antibiotics or extra added copper. Twenty‐four piglets were selected from 12 litters (two per litter), weaned at 4 weeks of age (neither creep feeding nor any antibiotic treatment before and during the study), and introduced to one of the two diets. After 9 days on the diet, faecal samples were collected from selected animals, and tested for their activity in terms of gas production kinetics, and end‐products such as volatile fatty acids, ammonia and dry matter disappearance of the two test substrates SBP and WST. The bacterial diversity was also analysed before and after in vitro fermentation using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of amplified 16S rRNA genes. There were differences both in kinetics and end‐products of the substrates. More interestingly, significant differences were detected between inocula, although mainly in terms of fermentation kinetics of the two substrates. With the CHO inoculum, SBP was fermented faster than with the control, while this effect was reversed for WST. Significantly higher diversity, as measured by DGGE fingerprint analysis, was detected in the microbial community enrichment on SBP as compared with WST at the end of fermentation. The difference between the kinetics of SBP compared with WST fermentation by faecal microbiota from the CHO diet fed piglets suggests better adaptation to SBP fermentation than to WST fermentation. The WST fermentation was more unexpected, given that a significant amount of starch is known to be fermentable by the small intestinal microbiota. It was concluded that the microbial community composition and activity in the GIT may be changed in response to diet, and that this change can be detected in vitro. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Difference in in vitro fermentability of four carbohydrates and two diets,using ileal and faecal inocula from unweaned piglets

An experiment was conducted to examine differences in the in vitro fermentability of four carbohydrate‐rich feed ingredients and two weaning piglet diets with and without these ingredients, using both the ileal contents and the faeces of unweaned piglets as inocula. In the first part of the experiment, cumulative gas production was measured over time, using faecal inocula mixed from nine specially raised crossbred piglets (no creep feed or antibiotics) at 3 weeks of age. Inulin, lactulose, unmolassed sugar beet pulp, wheat starch and the two diets were used as substrates and fermented in vitro for 72 h. Gas production was measured as an indicator of the kinetics of fermentation. Fermentation end‐products, including volatile fatty acids and ammonia, and organic matter loss, were also measured. For the fermentations of feed ingredients, samples were also collected for polymerase chain reaction/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analyses initially and after the fermentation process, to study changes in the composition of the bacterial community. This procedure was repeated 1 week later, using ileal contents from the same piglets as inoculum. There were significant differences between the inocula, in terms of both overall fermentation characteristics and composition and between the substrates. There was also a significant interaction between inocula and substrates, which suggests that there were potentially important differences in the microbial activity occurring in these two areas of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). For the two diets, one with and one without addition of these fermentable ingredients, there were significant differences in terms of the kinetics, but less so in terms of the end‐products of fermentation. It was concluded that inocula from both the small and large intestine should be used to obtain a more accurate assessment of potential feed ingredients which will stimulate fermentation in the piglet GIT. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

In vitro fermentation of rye carbohydrates including arabinoxylans of different structure

Freeze‐dried ileal effluent from cannulated pigs fed rye bread diets based on either whole rye or one of three rye milling fractions enriched in pericarp/testa, aleurone and endosperm was incubated in an in vitro fermentation system with faecal inocula from pigs fed a whole grain rye diet. Three and 48 hours of in vitro degradation of arabinoxylans were comparable to the caecal and faecal degradation respectively. The productions of short‐chain fatty acids were highest from the ileum samples of the diets high in fermentable carbohydrates (whole rye, aleurone and endosperm). However, fermentation of the pericarp/testa ileum sample produced half the amount of short‐chain fatty acids resulting from the other ileum samples despite the fact that the pericarp/testa carbohydrates (CHO) were not fermented at all. Treating the pericarp/testa with alkali prior to the incubation increased fermentability considerably (from 0 to 49% of total arabinoxylans) and suggested that, at least in lignified tissue, alkali‐labile cross‐links were more important determinants of arabinoxylan (AX) degradability than AX structure itself. Oxidative delignification of the pericarp/testa ileal effluent increased fermentability too, but to a much lower degree, which indicates that the type and extent of links between polymers and lignin rather than the amount of lignin are important in determining degradability. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

茶叶膳食纤维作为益生元对肠道菌群的影响

茶叶膳食纤维是茶加工业的副产物,其中富含对人体有益的膳食纤维,但是目前对茶叶膳食纤维的综合利用程度不高。该研究通过考察茶叶膳食纤维的持水力、持油力、膨胀力等指标评价其理化性质,并借助扫描电镜、红外光谱、X射线衍射等对其官能团结构和微观结构进行表征。体外发酵过程中,茶叶膳食纤维可显著增加乳酸菌、双歧杆菌数量,而抑制肠杆菌、肠球菌和产气荚膜梭菌的数量。随着茶膳食纤维浓度的增加,发酵液的pH值显著降低。利用气相色谱质谱联用技术测定发酵液内短链脂肪酸(short chain fatty acids,SCFAs)的种类和数量的变化,随着茶膳食纤维浓度的增加,SCFAs各酸含量不断增加,乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和乳酸含量最高分别为(20.65±0.93)、(2.88±0.14)、(10.89±1.01)mmol/L和(19.91±1.38)mmol/L。结合肠道菌群和SCFAs结果,最优膳食纤维比例为2%茶膳食纤维可对肠道菌群有益生调节作用。     

Effect of replacing calcium salts of palm oil with camelina seed at 2 dietary ether extract levels on digestion,ruminal fermentation,and nutrient flow in a dual-flow continuous culture system

Camelina is a drought- and salt-tolerant oil seed, which in total ether extract (EE) contains up to 74% polyunsaturated fatty acids. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of replacing calcium salts of palm oil (Megalac, Church & Dwight Co. Inc., Princeton, NJ) with camelina seed (CS) on ruminal fermentation, digestion, and flows of fatty acids (FA) and AA in a dual-flow continuous culture system when supplemented at 5 or 8% dietary EE. Diets were randomly assigned to 8 fermentors in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design, with four 10-d experimental periods consisting of 7 d for diet adaptation and 3 d for sample collection. Treatments were (1) calcium salts of palm oil supplementation at 5% EE (MEG5); (2) calcium salts of palm oil supplementation at 8% EE (MEG8); (3) 7.7% CS supplementation at 5% EE (CS5); and (4) 17.7% CS supplementation at 8% EE (CS8). Diets contained 55% orchardgrass hay, and fermentors were fed 72 g of dry matter/d. On d 8, 9, and 10 of each period, digesta effluent samples were taken for ruminal NH₃, volatile fatty acids, nitrogen metabolism analysis, and long-chain FA and AA flows. Statistical analysis was performed using the MIXED procedure (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). We detected an interaction between FA source and dietary EE level for acetate, where MEG8 had the greatest molar proportion of acetate. Molar proportions of propionate were greater and total volatile fatty acids were lower on CS diets. Supplementation of CS decreased overall ruminal nutrient true digestibility, but dietary EE level did not affect it. Diets containing CS had greater biohydrogenation of 18:2 and 18:3; however, biohydrogenation of 18:1 was greater in MEG diets. Additionally, CS diets had greater ruminal concentrations of trans-10/11 18:1 and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid. Dietary EE level at 8% negatively affected flows of NH₃-N (g/d), nonammonia N, and bacterial N as well as the overall AA outflow. However, treatments had minor effects on individual ruminal AA digestibility. The shift from acetate to propionate observed on diets containing CS may be advantageous from an energetic standpoint. Moreover, CS diets had greater ruminal outflow of trans-10/11 18:1 and cis-9,trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid than MEG diets, suggesting a better FA profile available for postruminal absorption. However, dietary EE at 8% was deleterious to overall N metabolism and AA outflow, indicating that CS can be fed at 5% EE without compromising N metabolism.     

酶法制备瓜尔胶水解物的体外酵解特性分析

为研究不同分子量的瓜尔胶（guar gum,GG）水解物对肠道菌群的影响,以瓜尔胶为原料,通过酶解法制备3 种不同分子量的瓜尔胶水解物（guar gum hydrolysate,GGH）,其分子量分别为32.41 kDa（GGH-1）、10.15 kDa（GGH-2）和5.89 kDa（GGH-3）,采用猪结肠消化物构建体外酵解模型,研究GG 及其水解产物的体外酵解特性。结果表明：在酵解过程中,GG 和3 种GGH 的分子量逐渐降低,总糖含量显著降低,还原糖含量先增后减。酵解体系的pH 值均显著降低（P＜0.05）,GGH-1 显著促进总短链脂肪酸、乙酸、丁酸的生成,GGH-3 显著促进丙酸的生成。GG 和不同分子量的GGH 均可以提高乳杆菌属和梭菌属的相对丰度,抑制链球菌属的增长,其中GGH-3 对肠道菌群组成的影响最为显著。     

Fatty acid profile of goat milk in diets supplemented with chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.)

Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) is the greatest known plant source of n-3 α-linolenic acid. The present study evaluated the effects of 3 inclusion levels of chia seed [zero (control); low, 2.7% (CLow); and high, 5.5% (CHigh)] in diets of dairy goats on milk yield and fatty acid profile. Nine Saanen dairy goats in the last third of lactation period, live weight 38 ± 8.7 kg, housed in metabolic cages, were fed iso-proteic and iso-energetic (160 g of crude protein/d and 11 MJ of metabolizable energy/d) diets. Gas chromatography was used to analyze fatty acid profile and total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Silver ion HPLC was used to analyze the isomeric profile of CLA. The results were subjected to variance analysis using a Latin square design repeated 3 × 3. The CHigh treatment was higher for dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber intake compared with CLow and control diets. Digestibility was not affected by the inclusion of chia seeds. The CHigh diet improved N intake with respect to the control and CLow diet. Milk yield and chemical composition were not affected by the treatment. The milk fatty acid profile of C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C:20 was higher for CHigh than the other treatments. The in vitro gas production (mL of gas/g of dry matter) was lower in CHigh than the control diet. In conclusion, the addition of chia seeds at the CHigh level in dairy goat diets negatively affected in vitro rumen fermentation, but increased the milk fatty acid profile of C18:0, C18:1n-9 cis, and C:20, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The total CLA content increased from 0.33 to 0.73% with the supplementation of chia to the diet, as well as the isomers cis-9,trans-11, trans-7,cis-9, trans-11,cis-13, and trans-12,trans-14.     

Different durations of whole raw soybean supplementation during the prepartum period: Milk fatty acid profile and oocyte and embryo quality of early-lactating Holstein cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate different durations of whole raw soybeans (WS) supplementation during the prepartum period on nutrient digestibility, milk yield and composition, energy balance, blood metabolites, and oocyte and embryo quality of transition cows. Thirty-one Holstein cows were used in a completely randomized design and assigned to 4 experimental groups (G): G90, G60, G30, and G0 (control), supplemented with a diet containing 12% of WS from 90, 60, 30, and 0 d relative to the calving date, respectively. Cows were dried off 60 d before the expected calving date. After parturition, all cows were fed a diet containing 12% of WS until 84 DIM. Blood samples were collected on d ?49, ?35, ?21, ?14, ?7, 0, 7, 14, 21, 35, and 70 relative to partum. Ovum pick-ups were performed on d 21 ± 3, 42 ± 7, 63 ± 7, and 84 ± 7 of lactation. Different durations of WS supplementation did not affect DMI and apparent total-tract digestibility in either the pre- or postpartum periods. Duration of WS supplementation had no effect on milk yield and composition nor energy balance of cows. However, the duration of WS supplementation had several effects on milk fatty acid (FA) profile of cows, including a linear decrease in concentrations of cis-9 C18:1, unsaturated C18, total monounsaturated, and unsaturated FA. Further, the milk contents of cis-9,cis-12 C18:2 FA, cis-9,trans-11 C18:2 FA, and total polyunsaturated FA were increased when WS were fed to cows from 30 d but not from 60 or 90 d of the expected calving date. The length of WS supplementation in the prepartum period linearly increased blood cholesterol concentration of cows during the prepartum period, but it had no effect on blood glucose and nonesterified FA concentrations in the pre- and postpartum periods. Duration of WS supplementation during the prepartum period increased the average number of grade 2 oocytes, notably in G60, but it had no effect on embryo production and cleavage proportion of early-lactation cows. The duration of WS supplementation in the prepartum period had no effect on milk yield and energy balance of the subsequent lactation, but it altered milk FA profile in early lactation by decreasing unsaturated FA content, notably when starting to supplement WS at 90 and 60 d from the expected calving date. Our results also showed that the duration of WS supplementation during the prepartum period does not improve oocyte quality in the subsequent lactation of cows.     

Technical note: In vitro total gas and methane production measurements from closed or vented rumen batch culture systems

This study compared measured gas production (GP) and computed CH₄ production values provided by closed or vented bottles connected to gas collection bags. Two forages and 3 concentrates were incubated. Two incubations were conducted, where the 5 feeds were tested in 3 replicates in closed or vented bottles, plus 4 blanks, for a total of 64 bottles. Half of the bottles were not vented, and the others were vented at a fixed pressure (6.8 kPa) and gas was collected into one gas collection bag connected to each bottle. Each bottle (317 mL) was filled with 0.4000 ± 0.0010 g of feed sample and 60 mL of buffered rumen fluid (headspace volume = 257 mL) and incubated at 39.0°C for 24 h. At 24 h, gas samples were collected from the headspace of closed bottles or from headspace and bags of vented bottles and analyzed for CH₄ concentration. Volumes of GP at 24 h were corrected for the gas dissolved in the fermentation fluid, according to Henry’s law of gas solubility. Methane concentration (mL/100 mL of GP) was measured and CH₄ production (mL/g of incubated DM) was computed using corrected or uncorrected GP values. Data were analyzed for the effect of venting technique (T), feed (F), interaction between venting technique and feed (T × F), and incubation run as a random factor. Closed bottles provided lower uncorrected GP (−18%) compared with vented bottles, especially for concentrates. Correction for dissolved gas reduced but did not remove differences between techniques, and closed bottles (+25 mL of gas/g of incubated DM) had a greater magnitude of variation than did vented bottles (+1 mL of gas/g of incubated DM). Feeds differed in uncorrected and corrected GP, but the ranking was the same for the 2 techniques. The T × F interaction influenced uncorrected GP values, but this effect disappeared after correction. Closed bottles provided uncorrected CH₄ concentrations 23% greater than that of vented bottles. Correction reduced but did not remove this difference. Methane concentration was influenced by feed but not by the T × F interaction. Corrected CH₄ production was influenced by feed, but not by venting technique or the T × F interaction. Closed bottles provide good measurements of CH₄ production but not of GP. Venting of bottles at low pressure permits a reliable evaluation of total GP and CH₄ production.     

外源肠道菌和玉米抗性淀粉对小鼠结肠菌群发酵产酸的影响

在37℃、厌氧条件下,通过向营养肉汤培养基中添加小鼠结肠内容物悬液模拟结肠环境。通过在模拟结肠环境中添加玉米抗性淀粉、单一及混合外源肠道菌及其组合,研究玉米抗性淀粉体外发酵产酸的特性及外源肠道菌对其的影响。结果表明:相对于未添加抗性淀粉或仅添加单一外源菌的组,添加3%(相对于营养肉汤培养基干基)玉米抗性淀粉后,乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的含量在发酵过程中(6、12、18、24、30 h)能够极显著(P0.01)地提升。在含有抗性淀粉的培养基中添加单一外源菌,嗜酸乳杆菌能够促进发酵产乙酸,青春双歧杆菌和粪肠球菌能够促进发酵产丙酸和丁酸,而大肠埃希氏菌会抑制产丙酸和丁酸。在含有抗性淀粉的培养基中添加混合外源菌,嗜酸乳杆菌和青春双歧杆菌能够协同发酵产乙酸、丙酸和丁酸,粪肠球菌与青春双歧杆菌组合发酵时,能够提升丙酸和丁酸产量,而大肠埃希氏菌则会不同程度地抑制其他3种菌发酵抗性淀粉产乙酸、丙酸和丁酸。     

腐乳丁酸及产丁酸菌发酵特性分析

研究不同类型腐乳丁酸含量及青方腐乳发酵过程丁酸变化规律,进一步分析青方腐乳中分离鉴定产丁酸菌的部分发酵特性.结果表明:青方腐乳丁酸含量远高于其他类型腐乳,达到25.4?mg/g(干质量),丁酸主要在青方腐乳后酵前30?d产生,与后酵过程中特定微生物密切相关;青方腐乳乳酸含量较低,且后酵过程呈下降趋势,可在特定微生物作用...     

Ruminal degradation of mountain pastures infested by Euphorbia polygalifolia in cattle and sheep: effect of previous grazing in invaded areas

Six cows and eight ewes were distributed in four paddocks according to a factorial design, 2 species (cattle vs sheep) × 2 grazing managements (grazing in pastures invaded vs non‐invaded by Euphorbia polygalifolia), to study the ability of sheep and cattle to ruminally degrade mountain pastures containing E. polygalifolia, as well as the influence of previous grazing in invaded areas. After a period of 17 days, rumen fluids were collected and used as microbial inoculum to examine in vitro fermentation rates and ruminal parameters of infested and non‐infested pastures. Results on parameters of gas production, extent of degradation, ammonia concentration and volatile fatty acid production of infested pastures indicate a better fermentation of this substrate in sheep than in cattle. The absence of noticeable differences when the pasture without this species of spurge was incubated suggests that most variation between ruminant species can be attributed to the presence of E. polygalifolia. The positive effect of previous grazing in invaded areas on rates of gas production, extent of degradation and ammonia concentration supports the hypothesis that the ability to degrade infested pastures may be enhanced by previous consumption, probably through an adaptation of the rumen microbiota. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Enhancement of short chain fatty acid formation by pure cultures of probiotics on rice fibre

The formation of SCFA and the digestion of rice fibre using the following probiotics (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium breve) was compared using total dietary fibre (TDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) and soluble dietary fibre (SDF) from two varieties (milling grades) of rice. The milling grade of the rice had no significant effect (P < 0.05) on the SCFA formation and the digestion after 6, 24 and 48 h fermentation. SCFA formation from the fermentation of the fibre fractions of both rice varieties, followed the pattern of TDF > SDF > IDF for all the probiotics tested and major difference between the species was the time to form the SCFA. The pattern of SCFA formation from both rice fibre fractions was acetate > propionate > butyrate for all the organisms with no significant difference between the micro‐organisms (P < 0.05) although the ratio of acetate:propionate:butyrate was lower for Bifidobacterium spp. Lactobacillus spp. digested 60–80% of fibre whereas Bifidobaceria digested 75–85% of the rice fibre fractions from both rice samples. There was no significant difference in the ability of the micro‐organisms tested to utilise the different varieties of rice (P > 0.05).     

不同凝胶化程度马铃薯淀粉的体外发酵特性研究

虽然天然B型晶体结构的淀粉是一种2型抗性淀粉,但是绝大多数在食用前都要经过不同程度的热加工,导致其酶抗性显著下降。在一定的条件下,即使是易被酶水解的淀粉也有可能会逃脱小肠的消化进入结肠而被微生物利用,然而易消化淀粉进入结肠中对肠道菌群和人体健康的影响还未被关注。本研究通过精准控制水分含量和加热温度制备出不同凝胶化程度（DG）的马铃薯淀粉样品,通过体外粪便发酵试验明确其产气量、短链脂肪酸产量、肠道菌群组成等发酵特性。试验结果表明：在发酵前半阶段（0～12 h）,产气量从低凝胶化程度淀粉样品（DG16）的9.8 mL增加到高凝胶化程度淀粉样品（DG100）的14 mL,乙酸和丙酸的产量也随着凝胶化程度的增加而逐渐增加,高凝胶化淀粉样品（DG100）的乙酸（67.26mmol/L）和丙酸产量（61.19 mmol/L）显著高于低凝胶化淀粉样品（DG16,乙酸41.29 mmol/L,丙酸21.27 mmol/L）;中、低凝胶化程度的马铃薯淀粉组（DG16、DG49）在发酵结束时具有最高的丁酸产量,这与发酵过程中罗斯氏菌属、毛螺菌科和布劳特氏菌属等菌群的增殖有关;中、高凝胶化程度淀粉组（DG4...