合纤长丝生产一步法工艺简介

本文对各种纺织用合成长丝生产一步法工艺(OSP)及其设备作了简单介绍。同时,对各种一步法工艺技术经济指标进行了比较,指出了一步法工艺的优点和局限性。     

嘧菌酯处理对厚皮甜瓜POD和CAT活性的影响

以厚皮甜瓜(Cucumis melonL.)作为实验材料,研究嘧菌酯处理对厚皮甜瓜采后过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性的影响,实验结果表明:甜瓜经50、100、200mg/L嘧菌酯浸泡处理后,其果实的过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性均有所变动,其中,100mg/L嘧菌酯处理,两种酶的活性均处于稳定上升趋势,到第14天达到最高值,此后呈下降趋势,但到第21天时,酶活性仍高于对照。     

PAE与海藻胶增强体系在纸张中的应用研究

通过利用不同黏度的海藻胶（SA）与PAE共同作用来提高纸张的干湿抗张强度,得出了与PAE共同作用的SA的最佳黏度在350mPa.s附近,并通过SA与PAE的不同用量配比得出黏度为350mPa.s的SA与PAE的较优配比为PAE：SA=3：2（PAE用量0.75%,SA用量0.5%）,此时纸张的湿抗张指数达到了43.3N.m/g,较空白纸页和单独加入0.75%的PAE所抄造纸页分别提高了43.3倍和2.5倍。然后对PAE/SA的最佳配比和最佳用量进行探讨,并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对空白纸页、单独加入PAE纸页和加入PAE/SA二元体系纸页的微观结构进行了观察,结果表明加入PAE/SA二元体系可在纸页纤维表面形成明显的膜结构,从而提高纸页的湿抗张强度。最后对加填碳酸钙和滑石粉对PAE/SA二元体系的影响进行了探讨。     

Effect of calcium and calmodulin antagonists on ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruits

The aim of this work was to elucidate the mode of action of calcium in calcium-inhibited ethylene biosynthesis. In one experiment, mature green tomatoes were treated with 1·5% (w/v) CaCl₂+60 μM N-6(aminohexyl)-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W5). 1·5% (w/v) CaCl₂+60 μM N-6(aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulphonamide (W7), 1·5% (w/v) CaCl₂ alone or distilled water (control). The control and the W7 treatment had much higher ethylene production than either the CaCl₂ treatment alone or the CaCl₂+W5 treatment. In another experiment, similar tomatoes were treated with 1·5% (w/v) CaCl₂+15 μM trifluoperazine (TFP). 1·5% (w/v) CaCl₂ only, or distilled water (control). The treatment with 1·5% CaCl₂+15 μM TFP gave higher ethylene production than 1·5% (w/v) CaCl₂ without TFP, and nearly the same level as the control towards the end of the experimental period. For enzyme and intermediate metabolite assays, mature green tomatoes were treated with 1·5% (w/v) CaCl₂ plus either W5 or W7. W5 treatment had a lower ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) activity, higher 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) concentration, similar levels of ACC synthase activity and 1-(malonylamino)-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid concentration, compared to the control and W7 treatment. As W7 is a more potent calmodulin antagonist than W5, these results suggest a calcium-calmodulin inactivation of EFE activity. © 1998 SCI.     

Correlation of methylglyoxal with acrylamide formation in fructose/asparagine Maillard reaction model system

α-Dicarbonyl compounds were highly reactive intermediates formed in Maillard reaction (MR), and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) was widely used as a trapping agent for α-dicarbonyl compounds. Both aqueous fructose/asparagine (Fru/Asn) and fructose/asparagine/o-phenylenediamine (Fru/Asn/OPD) model systems were heated at 150 °C for up to 30 min. Methylglyoxal (MG) was the main α-dicarbonyl compounds formed in MR, which was chosen as a representative of α-dicarbonyl compound to investigate the influence on acrylamide (AA) formation. The concentrations of AA, MG and Asn were detected during MR by HPLC method. The results indicated that the formation of AA increased with the heating time, and nearly 75% of AA was formed through the participation of α-dicarbonyl compounds. The amounts of formation and consumption of MG increased with heating time, and from 12 min of reaction, the consumed amounts of MG accounted for 62.1–90.3% on the basis of total amounts of MG formed in MR, suggesting that most of the MG took part in further reactions. Meanwhile, Asn concentration decreased with heating time in both models. The formation of AA and consumption of Asn were highly correlated with MG. Indeed, as MG concentration in MG/Asn model system decreased during heating at 150 °C, the concentration of AA significantly increased. The coefficient of correlation between consumed amounts of MG and the formed amounts of AA was 0.931, demonstrating that MG plays a role in AA formation.     

抑制剂对商品果胶酶中果胶酯酶和聚半乳糖醛酸酶酶活的影响

比较了高氯化铁,硫酸亚铁,甘氨酸,L-谷氨酸钠以及脲(尿素)5种化学试剂对商品果胶酯酶中果胶酯酶(PE)和聚半乳糖醛酸酶(PG)的酶活抑制效果,发现高氯化铁,硫酸亚铁,和L-谷氨酸钠对聚半乳糖醛酸酶酶活均具有明显且相似的抑制作用,在一定的浓度范围内,随着浓度的增加,其抑制效果逐渐增强,超过此浓度,其抑制能力不再增强。而甘氨酸并不具有很好的抑制能力,对于果胶酯酶来说,上述几种试剂对其都没有抑制作用。脲(尿素)对两种酶均有抑制作用,其对聚半乳糖醛酸酶酶活的抑制作用要强于果胶酯酶。     

高产胞外多糖(EPS)乳酸菌菌株的筛选与鉴定

本研究对收集的3个混合发酵剂进行了分离、筛选,并通过测定其pH值、粘度和EPS产量,从中筛选出了两株高产EPS的乳酸菌。利用API细菌鉴定系统对这两株高产EPS乳酸菌的属性进行了鉴定,分别为乳酸乳球菌乳亚种和片球菌。     

Electrochemical glucose biosensing by pyranose oxidase immobilized in gold nanoparticle-polyaniline/AgCl/gelatin nanocomposite matrix

A novel pyranose oxidase (PyOx) biosensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)–polyaniline(PANI)/AgCl/gelatin nanocomposite has been developed for the glucose detection. PyOx was immobilized on the surface of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) via the nanocomposite matrix. The electrode surface was imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Amperometric detection of the consumed oxygen during the enzymatic reaction was monitored at −0.7 V. After optimization studies, analytical characterization of the biosensor was carried out. The linear response of the AuNPs–AgCl/PANI/gelatin modified PyOx biosensor is found to be from 0.05 to 0.75 mM glucose with the equation of y = 2.043x + 0.253; R² = 0.993. Finally, proposed biosensor was used to analyze glucose content in real samples. Obtained data from the biosensing system was compared with a commercial enzyme assay kit based on spectrophotometric Trinder reaction as a reference method.     

Use of poly(ether-block-amide) in pervaporation coupling with a fermentor to enhance butanol production in the cultivation of Clostridium acetobutylicum

The toxicity of the end-products of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) process, mainly butanol, is recognized as the major problem contributing to the low productivity of butanol. The pervaporation technique was regarded as one of the ways to efficiently remove organic components. The results of pervaporation performance of poly(ether-block-amide) (PEBA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane in a model solution indicated that PEBA membrane owned a higher butanol permeation flux of 9.975 gm(-2)h(-1) as opposed to 3.911 gm(-2)h(-1) using a PDMS membrane. Moreover, a higher temperature would result in a higher permeation flux, but has a lower separation factor (α) obtained, while using PEBA membrane. The batch fermentor operation connected to the pervaporation with PEBA membrane created 43% and 34% of increase in the butanol productivity and in the yield as compared to that of the simple batch. The fed-batch fermentation mode by glucose feeding combined with PEBA pervaporation lasting for 24h could achieve 39% increase of butanol productivity as compared to a simple batch. Conclusively, the pervaporation with PEBA membrane coupling with fermentor was presumed to be capable of enhancing butanol production in ABE fermentation, which might have the potential applied in the commercialized ABE fermentation process.     

Sensitive determination of kojic acid in foodstuffs using PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone) modified acetylene black paste electrode

The voltammetric behaviors of kojic acid (KA) were investigated at polyvinylpyrrolidone (cross-linked) modified acetylene black paste electrode (denoted as PVP/ABPE) in 0.1 mol/L, pH 5.0 HAc–NaAc buffer. A well-defined and sensitive oxidation peak appears at 0.84 V. Compared with an unmodified acetylene black paste electrode (ABPE), the PVP/ABPE remarkably enhances the oxidation peak current of kojic acid, indicative of good potential in sensitive determination of kojic acid. After optimization of experimental conditions, a fast and sensitive electrochemical method was developed for the determination of kojic acid. This method exhibits good linearity over the range from 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ mol/L to 1.0 × 10⁻⁴ mol/L, and the detection limit is as low as 5.0 × 10⁻⁷ mol/L. In order to validate the feasibility of this proposed method, it was used for quantitative analysis of kojic acid in some food samples and the results were satisfying.     

Approaches to the evaluation of matrix effects in the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of three regulated lipophilic toxin groups in mussel matrix (Mytilus edulis)

Liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is seen as an integral part of methods of choice for the replacement of animal tests in the determination of lipophilic shellfish toxins. However, these techniques are prone to matrix effects that need to be considered when developing and validating methods. The analysis of shellfish is a challenging task due to the complexity of the shellfish matrix and the number of shellfish species encountered in monitoring laboratories. Therefore, it is crucial that the cause and the extent of matrix effects is fully understood in order to apply corrective measures to the analytical method and to develop efficient sample clean-up steps. This paper presents different approaches to evaluate matrix effects associated with the analysis of okadaic acid (OA), azaspiracid-1 (AZA1) and pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2) in cooked and raw mussel flesh. Post-extraction addition and standard addition experiments were carried out and analysed using various LC-MS methods. Gradient and isocratic elution were compared and ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), using C8 and C18 Acquity BEH columns, was evaluated for the extent of matrix effects. When matrix effects were observed, OA and PTX2 were always prone to signal enhancement and AZA1 to signal suppression. For all the toxins studied, matrix effects were dependent on chromatographic conditions. UPLC separation using a C8 column significantly reduced matrix effects compared to the other conditions assessed. Furthermore, sample dilution has proven to be an efficient way of reducing matrix effects associated with OA analysis.     

Influence of Droplet Charge on the Chemical Stability of Citral in Oil-in-Water Emulsions

Abstract: The chemical stability of citral, a flavor component widely used in beverage, food, and fragrance products, in oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by surfactants with different charge characteristics was investigated. Emulsions were prepared using cationic (lauryl alginate, LAE), non-ionic (polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether, Brij 35), and anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) surfactants at pH 3.5. The citral concentration decreased over time in all the emulsions, but the rate of decrease depended on surfactant type. After 7 d storage, the citral concentrations remaining in the emulsions were around 60% for LAE- or Brij 35-stabilized emulsions and 10% for SDS-stabilized emulsions. An increase in the local proton (H⁺) concentration around negatively charged droplet surfaces may account for the more rapid citral degradation observed in SDS-stabilized emulsions. A strong metal ion chelator (EDTA), which has previously been shown to be effective at increasing the oxidative stability of labile components, had no effect on citral stability in LAE- or Brij 35-stabilized emulsions, but it slightly decreased the initial rate of citral degradation in SDS-stabilized emulsions. These results suggest the surfactant type used to prepare emulsions should be controlled to improve the chemical stability of citral in emulsion systems.     

果糖基甘氨酸的合成及其与铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)配位特性的研究

合成并纯化了Maillard反应初级阶段产物——果糖基甘氨酸(DFG),并且利用离子色谱、质谱、核磁共振等方法分析其纯度及结构。结果表明:合成产物为目标化合物,且分子式为C8H15NO7,相对分子质量237。采用pH电位滴定法测定了温度(303±0.1)K,离子强度I=0.1mol/L的NaCl溶液中DFG与铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)配合物稳定常数,DFG合铜配合物稳定常数对数值分别为lgK1=7.24±0.09,lgK2=6.57±0.05,lgK3=3.31±0.02;DFG合镍配合物稳定常数对数值分别为lgK1=5.73±0.03,lgK2=4.69±0.02,lgK3=3.59±0.05,且DFG合铜配合物稳定性大于DFG合镍配合物的稳定性。     

麦绿素对实验性高脂血症大鼠血脂及MDA、SOD、ET-1、NO的影响

研究麦绿素对食饵性高脂血症大鼠血脂及血浆丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、内皮素1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)的影响。SD大鼠32只,随机均分为四组,即正常八周对照组(8NC)、高脂模型八周组(8HF)、高脂模型四周后再加低剂量麦绿素治疗四周组(BG-L)和高脂模型四周后再加高剂量麦绿素治疗四周组(BG-H)。检测大鼠血脂及血浆MDA、SOD、ET-1、NO的变化。结果表明,麦绿素治疗组同高脂模型八周组比较,血浆总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的含量降低,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的含量升高;血浆SOD活性和NO含量明显升高,而MDA和ET-1含量明显降低;提示麦绿素具有降血脂、抗氧化和改善血管内皮功能的作用。     

DETERMINATION OF ANIONS IN BEER BY ION CHROMATOGRAPHY

A method relying on ion chromatography, with suppressed ion detection, for the determination of anions in beer, has been collaboratively tested by members of the American Society of Brewing Chemists, the European Brewery Convention and the Brewery Convention of Japan. Precision values obtained for the determination of chloride, sulphate and phosphate in beer were judged to be acceptable. Repeatability (r₉₈) and reproducibility (R₉₈) values for chloride were 5.7, 12.6, 12.5 and 15.0, 38.4, 36.8 respectively at corresponding mean levels of 68.7, 218.6 and 322.5 mg/litre. r₉₈ and R₉₈ values for sulphate were 7.5, 6.2, 7.6 and 44.8, 54.0, 46.5 respectively at corresponding mean levels of 101.4, 205.1 and 122.6 mg/litre. r₉₈ and R₉₉ values for phosphate were 14.1, 11.9, 24.9 and 78.7, 53.8, 84.0 at corresponding mean levels of 411.5, 224.1 and 397.5 mg/litre. Whilst the r₉₈ value for nitrate was acceptable, the value for R₉₈ was unsatisfactory. The ion chromatographic method for determining chloride, sulphate and phosphate in beer is recommended for use and inclusion in Analytica -EBC as an International Method.     

褐藻酸钠与PAE二元体系对纸张的增强作用

通过利用不同黏度的褐藻酸钠(SA)与聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷(PAE)协同作用来提高纸张的抗张强度,得出了与PAE协同作用的SA的最佳黏度在350mPa·s附近,并通过SA与PAE的不同用量配比得出黏度为350mPa·s的SA与PAE协同作用的最佳配比为PAE:SA=3:2,此时纸张的湿抗张指数达到了43.3N·m·g-1,较空白纸页和单独加入0.75%的PAE所抄造纸页分别提高了43.3倍和2.5倍;然后通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对本实验所抄造的空白纸页、单独加入PAE纸页和加入PAE-SA二元体系纸页的微观结构进行了观察,结果表明,加入PAE-SA二元体系可在纸页纤维表面会形成明显的抗水膜,从而提高纸页的抗张强度;最后就浆料打浆度对PAE-SA二元体系的影响进行了探究。     

对药剂敏感性不同的烟蚜体内几种关键性酶活性的比较分析

对吡虫啉和氧化乐果在三明地区和合肥地区烟蚜的毒力进行了测定,并对两地烟蚜的羧酸酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽转移酶的活性进行了研究.结果表明吡虫啉对两地烟蚜的生物活性远高于氧化乐果,三明烟蚜对两种药剂的敏感性都比合肥烟蚜的低,三明烟蚜种群的毒力方程b值低,存在一定的异质性;两地烟蚜的羧酸酯酶、乙酰胆碱酯酶活性差异不显著,但三明地区烟蚜的谷胱甘肽转移酶活性显著高于合肥地区烟蚜.     

用茶叶多酚氧化酶生物传感器测定茶多酚(英文)

从鲜茶叶中提取多酚氧化酶,与氧电极偶合制成酶传感器,以焦性没食字酸子酸为底物,研究了激活剂浓度、缓冲介质、体系pH、操作温度等对响应性能的影响,测得对茶多酚响应的酶动力学方程为R(mV/S)=17.35C/(3.058+C)(C:g/L),米氏常数为3.06g/L,响应的线性范围为1.5～9.4g/L,用于茶叶样品与茶多酚制品中茶多酚含量的测定,结果与国家标准方法的相符。从而为茶多酚含量的测定建立了一种生物传感新方法。     

玉米须生物活性成分的初步研究──玉米须多糖及其免疫增强作用

经过系统的筛选首次从玉米须中分离提取了具有免疫增强作用的生物活性成分。运用离子交换、分级沉淀、Ｓｅｐｈｒｏｓｅ柱层析等手段对此成分进行了进一步的分离和纯化。初步的结构研究结果表明，此成分属多糖类化合物。