SC铸片微结构对烧结NdFeB结构与磁性能的影响

研究了铸片工艺SC(StripCasting)制备的合金铸片的微结构对烧结钕铁硼磁体微结构与磁性能的影响。结果表明:冷却速度过高时铸片厚度变薄,同时在急冷面产生细小的等轴晶,使烧结磁体容易出现固固烧结现象和主相晶粒的反常长大,降低了磁体的永磁性能;采用合适的冷却速度制备的铸片几乎全部由厚度3～5μm片状晶组成,且被富钕相薄层均匀隔开,采用该类铸片可以获得高永磁性能的烧结磁体,其永磁性能达到:Br=1.44T,jHc=877KA/m,(BH)max=398kJ/m3(50MGOe)。     

高性能稀土永磁材料制备与研究的进展

稀土永磁材料的高磁性能使其成为应用广泛的基础性功能材料．概述了高性能烧结Nd-Fe-B和纳米复合Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁材料的制备与性能研究的几点进展．在采用速凝铸带加氢爆工艺制备高性能烧结Nd-Fe-B磁体方面，概述了材料中添加元素对磁体显微组织和磁性能的影响，以及制备工艺对高能积磁体的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能的影响．在采用非晶晶化工艺制备纳米复合Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe型永磁材料方面，概述了添加元素在非晶晶化过程所起的作用，及其对材料相组成和微结构及磁性能的影响；同时概述了快淬速度、压力和晶化处理等制备工艺对材料微结构和磁性能的影响．     

Ultrafine-grained Zn-0.45Li alloy with enhanced mechanical property,degradation behavior and cytocompatibility prepared by hot extrusion and multi-pass drawing

Biodegradable Zn-0.45Li alloys with high strength and ductility were successfully fabricated by hot extrusion and multi-pass drawing to obtain ultrafine-grained microstructures with a secondary phase of fine LiZn₄ participates. The mechanical properties, degradation behavior and cytocompatibility of the alloys were subsequently investigated. Results showed that grain refinement could be achieved in the alloys after hot extrusion and multi-pass drawing. The yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation to failure of the ultrafine-grained Zn-0.45Li alloys reached 416 MPa, 567 MPa and 55.4 %, respectively. Enhancements in both strength and elongation could be attributed to interactions between LiZn₄ and matrix dislocations, the pinning effect of LiZn₄ on grain boundaries, and grain refinement. Immersion tests and MTT cytotoxicity assay indicated that the Zn-0.45Li alloys have a corrosion rate and cytocompatibility similar to the values reported for biomedical implants.     

Effect of friction stir welding on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA 6063-T6 aluminum alloy

In this study, AA 6063-T6 alloy plates were joined via friction stir welding using three different pin geometries (i. e., helical threaded, pentagonal and triangular) under various process parameters of tool rotational speed and welding speed. The microstructures and mechanical properties of the various welded joints were investigated. Macro-structural observations revealed that kissing bonds occurred in the welded joints due to fractured oxide layers. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the stir zones of the welded joints exhibited phases of Al₈Fe₂Si, Al₅FeSi, and Mg₂Si. In the welded joints, processed using a helical threaded pin, no tunnel-type defect was detected to occur; specimens were fractured outside of the joint region during tensile tests, indicating that the kissing bonds formed in the stir zones did not cause any deterioration in tensile strength or ductility. The welded joints processed using a helical threaded, pentagonal and triangular pin at 500 min⁻¹ tool rotational speed and 80 mm min⁻¹ welding speed exhibited a ductile deformation behavior along with a tensile strength in the range of 153 MPa to 155 MPa.     

Nb的添加对Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B纳米永磁体磁性能与微观结构的影响

研究了微量合金元素Nb的添加对Fe3B／Nd2Fe14B型纳米复合永磁体微观结构与磁性能的影响规律。结果表明,添加Nb元素可以稳定非晶相,阻碍Fe3B粒子的结晶动力学。Nd5．5Fe70．0Co5Cu0．5Nb0．5B18．5非5晶合金在640℃退火处理30min可获得最佳磁性能：Br=1．05T,JHc=367kA／m,(BH)max=80．2kJ／m^3。Nb与Cu的复合添加对Fe3B晶粒的细化效果更显著;Nb元素的添加可以提高合金的磁性能,但添加量必须适中。     

烧结温度对稀土永磁Sm(Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.1Zr0.03)7.5的磁性能的影响

采用粉末冶金法制备稀土永磁Sm(Co0.72Fe0.15Cu0.1Zr0.03)7.5,研究烧结温度对磁体的磁性能的影响.结果表明:随着烧结温度的提高,剩磁Br、内禀矫顽力Hci及最大磁能积(BH)max都先增加后降低.虽然Br在烧结温度为1220℃时获得最大值0.95T,但磁体的综合磁性能在烧结温度为1215℃时最优,Br、Hci和(BH)max分别达到0.94T、2276.6kA·m-1和171.9kJ·m-3.1215℃烧结的磁体的温度稳定性较好,有望应用到550℃环境中.     

快淬速度对(Nd,Pr)10.5(FeCoZr)83.5B6显微结构和磁性能的影响

采用部分过快淬加后续晶化退火处理工艺,研究了快淬速度对低稀土含量双相复合(Nd,Pr)10.5(FeCoZr)83.5B6合金显微结构和粘结磁体磁性能的影响.合金快淬转轮线速度为24,26,28和30 m·s-1,退火温度655～715℃,退火时间5～20min.快淬速度直接影响条带的显微结构和磁体磁性能.以26m·s-1速度快淬出的条带,快淬态由非晶和微晶混合组成,在700℃经10min晶化处理,可获得平均晶粒尺寸约30nm的均匀、细小显微组织,磁性能也最佳.用3.25wt%环氧树脂粘结的磁体磁性能为Br=0.703T,Hci=544 kA·m-1,Hcb=351 kA·m-1,(BH)m=70 KJ·m-3.     

Effect of aluminum content on solidification microstructure and properties of Fe‐Cr‐B‐Al alloys

The microstructures and mechanical properties of eight kinds of Fe‐Cr‐B‐Al alloys containing X wt.%Al‐0.35 wt.%C‐10.0 wt.%Cr‐1.4 wt.%B‐0.6 wt.%Si‐0.8 wt.%Mn (X = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0) were studied by means of optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Rockwell hardness and Vickers micro‐hardness testers. The results indicate that the as‐cast microstructure of aluminium‐free sample consists of the martensite, austenite and eutectic borocarbides, and the eutectic borocarbides are the mixture of (Fe, Cr)₂B and (Cr, Fe)₇(C, B)₃, and its hardness reaches 65 HRC. When a small amount of aluminium element (Al ? 1.0 wt.%) is added, the phase composition has no significant change, and the hardness excels 65 HRC. When the concentration of aluminium reaches 1.5 wt.%, the matrix of Fe‐Cr‐B‐Al alloy becomes pearlite and δ‐ferrite, leading to a sharply decrease of the hardness. The proportion of ferrite goes up along with increasing aluminium concentration, and the hardness of Fe‐Cr‐B‐Al alloy has slight decrease.     

Effects of various tool plunge depths on microstructure evolution,mechanical properties and dome structure features of friction stir spot welded AA5052-H32 similar joints

The solid-state nature of friction stir spot welding process provides outstanding advantages for the sound joining of aluminum alloys. Within this study, 3 mm-thick AA5052-H32 sheets are successfully joined by friction stir spot welding using 2344 hot-worked steel pin to investigate the effects of various tool plunge depths on the microstructure, mechanical and metallurgical properties of similar welds. Therefore, the experiments are performed at different plunge depths in the range of 3 mm–4 mm. Accordingly, the relationships between the process parameter (tool plunge depth) and the responses (microstructure, dome structure, microhardness and lap shear tensile load) are established. Microstructure analyses demonstrate that the increase in the plunge depth leads to more grain refinement within the stir zone, which significantly affects the mechanical performance of the similar joints. This study also indicates that the tool plunge depth in friction stir spot welding process has a noteworthy influence on the characteristic features of the 5052 aluminum alloy joints, such as the dome structure. Moreover, an explicit increase in the microhardness towards the weld stir zone is observed in all specimens. It is found that the average maximum tensile-shear force enhances with the increment in the tool plunge depth from 3 mm to 4 mm.     

PVD法渗Si制备6.5%Si高硅钢过程组织结构与性能演化研究

基于物理气相沉积(PVD)之直流磁控溅射镀膜技术在低硅钢薄板双面共沉积富Si膜,然后高温真空扩散处理使Si渗入低硅钢基体,提高基体含Si量。以沉积Fe5Si3膜+1 180℃×1h扩散为1回合增Si处理,研究了多回合循环增Si处理过程硅钢基体组织结构与性能的演化机理。采用光学显微镜对样品进行了金相分析,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了样品的微观组织形貌,并用能谱分析仪(EDS)进行成分分析。用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了样品的结构特征。经过4回合循环增Si处理可将0.35mm厚低硅钢基体含Si量由3%提高到6.5%,且沿厚度方向Si浓度分布均匀。相比于初始态低硅钢基片,PVD法制成6.5%Si高硅钢中高频铁损值降低40%~50%。     

Effect of boron on microstructure and mechanical properties of eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy modified with phosphorus

In order to understand the effect of boron on the microstructure and mechanical properties of eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy modified with phosphorus, complex modification of eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy by aluminum‐3phosphorus and aluminum‐3boron was conducted. The results show that the area fraction of primary α‐aluminum in eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy modified with aluminum‐3phosphorus increased first and then decreased with increasing amounts of aluminum‐3boron. The area fraction and the size of primary silicon decreased rapidly first and then stabilized. The morphology of eutectic silicon transformed from needle‐like into fine short rods or granules after complex modification with aluminum‐3phosphorus and aluminum‐3boron. The ultimate tensile strength of the alloy modified with 0.4 wt.% aluminum‐3phosphorus and 0.2 wt.% aluminum‐3boron increased by 18 %, compared with that of the eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy modified with aluminum‐3phosphorus, while the elongation decreased by 5 %. It was concluded that the comprehensive mechanical properties of eutectic aluminum‐silicon alloy were improved.     

AZ31B镁合金带材热轧过程组织均匀性及性能研究

本文开展了变形温度为300、350、400 ℃和总压下率分别为15%、30%、45%、60%的AZ31B镁合金带材热轧试验,分析了不同工艺参数对轧后带材的微观组织及力学性能的影响规律。研究表明:随着轧制温度的升高,再结晶百分数增加,晶粒细化显著,组织均匀性增强;当温度达到350 ℃时,由于中间退火保温导致再结晶晶粒长大,使温度进一步升高,对再结晶程度的影响减弱,轧后带材晶粒度和延伸率均有降低;相比温度参数,提升总压下率对晶粒细化效果更为显著,轧制温度为300 ℃,压下率为60%时近表面平均晶粒尺寸由10 μm细化至3.7 μm,中心层晶粒尺寸细化至4.9 μm,组织分布较为均匀;压下率的增加有效改善了组织均匀性,使轧后带材延伸率显著增加,拉伸断口的韧窝增多,且逐渐加深。     

Influence of heat treatment and aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg‐1.8Zn‐0.7Si‐0.4Ca alloy

In order to optimize the aging treatment of Mg‐1.8Zn‐0.7Si‐0.4Ca alloy, different times and temperatures of solid solution and age hardening were applied to the alloy specimens. Microstructures and mechanical properties of the specimens were investigated using the optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive x‐ray spectrometer, x‐ray diffraction, hardness, and shear punch tests. The lowest hardness and strength were achieved by solution treating of the alloy at 500 °C for 8 h, presenting the optimal condition for solution treatment of the alloy. The microstructural examinations revealed three different precipitates consisting of CaMgSi, Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃, and Mg₂Si in the solid solution specimens. It was found that the highest peak hardness and strength are obtained by aging the alloy at 150 °C for 16 h. This condition was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests performed on the solid solution and aged specimens.     

A study of microstructure and performance of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy

The effects of quenching temperature on microstructure and hardness of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy containing 0.3 wt% C, 2.0 wt% B, 8.0 wt% Cr, 0.6 wt% Si, and 0.8 wt% Mn were investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Rockwell hardness and Vickers microhardness testers. The experimental results indicate that the as‐cast microstructure of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy consists of M₂B (M = Fe, Cr), M₇(C, B)₃, α‐Fe, and γ‐Fe. The dendritic matrix composed of lath martensite mixed with a small amount of retained austenite, and the netlike boride M₂B distribute in the grain boundary. After quenching between 950 °C and 1100 °C, the netlike eutectic boride are broken up and a new phase‐M₂₃(C, B)₆ which is distributed in the shape of sphere or short rod‐like are precipitated from the matrix. Both the macrohardness and microhardness of specimens increase with the increasing quenching temperature. At about 1050 °C, the hardness reaches the maximum value. However, when the temperature exceeds 1050 °C, the hardness will decrease slightly. With the increase of tempering temperature, the hardness of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy quenching from 1050 °C decreases gradually and its impact toughness increases slightly. Crusher hammer made of cast Fe–8Cr–2B alloy quenching from 1050 °C and tempering from 300 °C has good application effect, and its service life improves by 150–180% than that of high manganese steel hammer.     

Effect of boron concentration on the solidification microstructure and properties of Fe‐Cr‐B alloy

In this article, the effect of boron concentration (B = 0, 0.4, 0.8, 1.4 and 2.0 respectively) on the solidification microstructure and properties of Fe‐Cr‐B alloy containing 0.35% C, 10–12% Cr, 0.5–0.8% Si, and 0.7–1.0% Mn was studied by means of the optical microscope (OM), the scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Rockwell hardness and Vickers hardness tester. The results indicate that the microstructure of boron‐free sample consists of the martensite, and its hardness reaches 59.2 HRC. When a small amount of boron element was added, the eutectic phase of network structure generated along the grain boundary. The amount of eutectic phase increases when the boron concentration increases. Moreover, the eutectic phase is the mixture of boride and boron carbide. The boride is Fe₂B and the boron carbide is (Cr, Fe)₇(C, B)₃. Compared with boron‐free sample, the Rockwell hardness of the samples with different boron concentrations are all higher, above 62 HRC, and the hardness grow up with the increase of boron concentration. When the boron concentration reaches to 1.4%, the Rockwell hardness of the alloy is 65.7 HRC, which is the highest in this study. When the boron concentration rises to 2.0%, the hardness has no obvious change.