Development of a Stimuli-Responsive Gemini Zwitterionic Viscoelastic Surfactant for Self-Diverting Acid

A Gemini zwitterionic viscoelastic surfactant named self diverting acid - gemini sulfonated surfactant (SDA-GS), which has double quaternary ammonium groups, double sulfonate groups, and two hydrophobic tails, was synthesized from oleylamidopropyl dimethylamine, 1,3-propanesultone, and 2, 2-bis(bromomethyl)propane-1, 3-diol. The viscosity of an SDA-GS aqueous solution varies with acid and calcium chloride concentrations. With a decrease in the HCl concentration, the viscosity of the acid solution prepared with SDA-GS increases to a maximum value, followed by a decrease, which results from the aggregation of the surfactant into wormlike micelles and the following disaggregation. Calcium ions generated by the reaction of acid and calcium carbonate can enhance the aggregation of the surfactant to increase the peak viscosity of the acid solution. The peak viscosity of the acid solution prepared by 5 wt.% SDA-GS without calcium ions could only reach 73.2 mPa.s when the HCl concentration was 4 wt.%, but that of the acid solution with calcium carbonate powder added could reach over 200 mPa.s when the HCl concentration was consumed to 4 wt.% and the calcium chloride concentration 21.6 wt.%. The viscoelastic measurements proved that calcium ions can drive the growth of the wormlike micelle. The acid and Ca²⁺ response of SDA-GS can be applied in self-diverting acid to improve the acid displacement in the heterogeneous reservoir. Experimental evaluation showed that the acid solution prepared by SDA-GS and the selected corrosion inhibitor showed a good corrosion inhibition performance and a viscosity variation that makes it an efficient self-diverting acid. The spent acid (21.6 wt.%) with 4 wt.% HCl retained high viscosity over 80 mPa.s at a 170 s⁻¹ shearing rate and at 120°C after 90 min. The parallel core flood tests to simulate in situ application of SDA-GS acid showed that the permeability improvement ratios (K₁/K₀) of the cores could reach 182.3 and 278.4 at 60 and 90°C, respectively.     

适用于碳酸盐岩储层复合有机缓速酸液体系研究

针对碳酸盐岩油气藏在使用常规酸化措施施工时存在管柱腐蚀严重,酸岩反应速率过快,二次沉淀污染等问题,通过室内实验,优选出了合适的主体酸、缓蚀剂、助排剂和铁离子稳定剂,研制出一套适合碳酸盐岩储层的新型复合有机缓速酸液体系。室内评价了该酸液体系的各项性能指标,结果表明,该酸液体系具有良好的缓速性能、较低的腐蚀速率以及较低的表面张力。岩心模拟酸化实验结果表明,复合有机缓速酸液体系对目标气田储层天然岩心的基质渗透率改善率大于170%,基质酸化效果好于普通盐酸。说明优选的复合有机缓速酸液体系对目标气田储层具有显著的改善作用,可以应用于现场酸化增产作业。     

几种适用于碳酸盐岩油藏的堵水技术

碳酸盐岩油藏富含油气,具有较高的开采价值。分析了碳酸盐岩油藏常用堵剂的优缺点,介绍了几种可以更好地解决碳酸盐岩油藏堵水问题的堵水技术。     

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏单井注水替油生产特征研究

碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏在全球范围内分布广泛,且储量、产量巨大。塔河油田属于非均质性极强,地质情况复杂,储集空间多样。目前对此类油藏的研究在国内外尚处于探索阶段,急需进行相应的研究。本文利用了各种测试资料和油藏地质的研究成果,对塔河油田单元地层压力、含水率和产量的变化规律进行了分类系统研究,研究碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏单井注水替油效果分析,为开展有针对性的开发措施提供理论依据,同时分析了各因素对注水替油效果的影响因素。     

一步法合成AlSBA-15-SO3H有机无机杂化固体酸及其催化邻苯二甲酸酐甲酯化反应的研究

以正硅酸乙酯和3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷为硅源,异丙醇铝〔A l(iPr)3〕为铝源,一步法合成了有机无机杂化固体酸A lSBA-15-SO3H。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、氮气等温吸附脱附、氨的程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)和29S i,27A l固体核磁等方法对样品进行了表征。结果表明,有机无机杂化固体酸相对于单一丙磺酸改性的有机固体酸SBA-15-SO3H总酸量显著增加,最高可提高1.77 mmol/g。A lSBA-15-SO3H在催化活化邻苯二甲酸酐(PAH)和碳酸二甲酯(DMC)酯化反应中,邻苯二甲酸酐的转化率随着反应温度升高而增加,最高可达100%,且其转化率与催化剂总酸量成线性关系。     

高铝粉煤灰碳酸钠焙烧与酸浸提铝的动力学

以内蒙古高铝粉煤灰(Al2O3/SiO2质量比1.24)为原料,采用Na2CO3焙烧活化-盐酸浸取法提铝,考察了焙烧温度、时间和碳酸钠/粉煤灰质量比的影响,对焙烧活化及酸浸提铝动力学进行研究,分析了提铝机理. 结果表明,高温活化条件下,粉煤灰中的莫来石及SiO2与Na2CO3反应生成NaAlSiO4, Al2O3和Na2SiO3,酸浸后铝浸出率超过94.99%;活化过程符合Crank-Ginstling-Braunshtein模型,表观活化能为117.06 kJ/mol,活化反应受固膜扩散控制.