维生素B族复合TRP肽和SOD对焦虑性抑郁症C57BL/6小鼠行为学改善的影响

研究了维生素B族复合TRP肽和SOD对焦虑性抑郁症C57BL/6小鼠行为学、血清炎症因子水平的改善作用以及对脑部组织抗氧化活性的影响。维生素B族复合TRP肽和SOD(V_B3V_B6TRP肽SOD=21034;VBPS)高、中、低灌胃剂量分别为260,195,130mg/(kg·d)。研究表明,VBPS能够逆转焦虑性抑郁症小鼠的焦虑样和抑郁样行为、改善其体重增加缓慢的症状,VBPS高剂量组效果显著。VBPS能够降低血清炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β、IFN-γ)水平和降低大脑组织丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量和SOD、CAT、NOS抗氧化酶的活性。此外,VBPS可诱导色氨酸—犬尿氨酸(TRP-KYN)代谢下调和犬尿氨酸—烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(KYN-NAD⁺)代谢上调。综上所述,与焦虑性抑郁症对照组小鼠相比,VBPS治疗的小鼠具有抗炎、抗氧化、逆转焦虑性抑郁症小鼠行为障碍和体重增加缓慢的作用,从而证明膳食补充VBPS具有显著的改善焦虑性抑郁症的作用。     

Oral administration of heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 ameliorates alcoholic liver disease in ethanol-containing diet-fed C57BL/6N mice

We examined the effect of heat-killed Lactobacillus brevis (L. brevis) SBC8803 on the development of alcoholic liver disease using ethanol-containing diet-fed mice. Heat-killed L. brevis was orally administered at a dose of 100 or 500 mg/kg once a day for 35 days. Alcoholic liver injury was examined by measuring the activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in a serum, and the alcoholic fatty liver was assessed from the content of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol in the liver. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1, SREBP-2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in the liver, as well as E-cadherin, Zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1), and heat shock protein (Hsp) 25 in the small intestine. Oral administration of L. brevis significantly inhibited an increase in the level of serum ALT and AST, as well as the content of TG and total cholesterol in the liver caused by ethanol intake. L. brevis supplementation suppressed the overexpression of TNF-alpha, SREBP-1, and SREBP-2 mRNA in the liver induced by ethanol intake and up-regulated the expression of Hsp25 mRNA in the small intestine. These results suggest that L. brevis ameliorated the ethanol-induced liver injury and the fatty liver by suppressing the up-regulation of TNF-alpha and SREBPs in the liver. We speculate that the inhibition of TNF-alpha and SREBPs up-regulation by L. brevis is due to the inhibition of gut-derived endotoxin migration into the liver through the enhancement of intestinal barrier function by the induction of cytoprotective Hsps.     

醋酸菌对C57BL/6J小鼠的酒精性肝损伤的影响研究

该文针对摄入醋酸菌对于酒精性肝损伤的影响进行了评价。将C57BL/6J小鼠（8周龄,雄性,22～27 g）分为对照组（非乙醇给药组）、乙醇组（给予2.5 g/kg乙醇）、乙醇+醋酸菌组（给予2.5 g/kg乙醇+10 mg醋酸菌）,分别每天给药3次,连续经口给药14 d,测定了血清谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）及肝脏油脂浓度。结果表明,与对照组相比较,乙醇组小鼠的AST与ALT浓度,肝脏甘油三酯与胆固醇浓度显著增高（P＜0.05）;乙醇+醋酸菌组的数值则显著低于乙醇组（P＜0.05）。以上结果表明,摄入醋酸菌有可能会减轻酒精性肝损伤。     

Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits urate crystals‐induced peritoneal inflammation in C57BL/6 mice

Gouty arthritis is a type of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals‐induced inflammation in the articular tissue and shows the increased levels of neutrophil infiltration and IL‐1β secretion. MSU is capable of activating IL‐1β through a nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a bioactive polyphenol in green tea with potent antioxidant activity, is effective to prevent rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. However, it remains unclear whether EGCG improves gouty inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of EGCG on MSU‐induced inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. C57BL/6 mice were received subcutaneous injection or oral gavage of EGCG before the intraperitoneal injection of MSU. The results demonstrated that EGCG inhibited MSU‐induced neutrophil infiltration and IL‐1β secretion. Furthermore, EGCG decreased MSU‐triggered neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 and NLRP3 protein expression, limiting pro‐inflammatory mediator secretion such as IL‐1β, IL‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, and serum amyloid A. In addition, EGCG treatment suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation in MSU‐challenged THP‐1 monocytes. These findings indicate that EGCG treatment ameliorates MSU‐induced inflammation, suggesting that EGCG exerts anti‐inflammatory effect against MSU‐induced acute gout attack.     

Dietary influences on nonexercise physical activity and energy expenditure in C57BL/6J mice

It is well established that the lack of physical activity can lead to weight gain or obesity. However, there is limited information on influences of diet components on physical activity. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of major dietary components on energy expenditure by affecting nonexercise physical activity in C57BL/6J mice. All mice were assigned to 1 of the following 4 dietary groups based on their body weight and baseline physical activity; low fat/normal protein, high fat/normal protein, low fat/low protein, or low fat/high protein. After 3 mo, the highest weight gain was observed in animals fed with high-fat/normal-protein diet, and the caloric intake was significantly lower in low-fat/high-protein diet-fed mice compared to other groups. However, there were no significant changes in nonexercise physical activity during experimental periods in all groups. The respiratory quotient and energy expenditure were not significantly different among the dietary groups. These findings suggest that diet-induced obesity is not explainable by levels of physical activity and energy expenditure. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The understanding the link between diet and nonexercise physical activity would provide important knowledge that will potentially assist appropriate food choices to control obesity and its related health problems.     

植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0386对C57BL/6小鼠胆固醇代谢的影响

目的:本研究测定了植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0386对模拟胃肠液的耐受力,并通过构建高脂血症模型小鼠评价该菌株对小鼠体内胆固醇代谢的影响。方法:体外模拟胃液肠液,菌落计数法检测胃液肠液耐受性,并以健康C57BL/6雄性小鼠为对象,设置空白组、模型组、低剂量组、高剂量组、普伐他汀对照组,分别以生理盐水、KLDS 1.0386悬浊液和普伐他汀连续灌胃4周,检测小鼠肝脏胆固醇和甘油三酯,粪便胆汁酸和胆固醇水平。结果:在p H为3的模拟胃液环境中,该菌株3 h存活率可达92.62%,在模拟肠液环境中,3 h存活率为83.91%,说明植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0386能通过胃进入肠道并保持活性。植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0386菌株可显著降低高脂小鼠肝脏甘油三酯和胆固醇水平(p<0.05),增加粪便胆汁酸和胆固醇的排出(p<0.05)。结论:该菌可以用做降胆固醇的潜在益生菌。      

Chronic dietary intake of quercetin alleviates hepatic fat accumulation associated with consumption of a Western-style diet in C57/BL6J mice

Scope: To determine the effect of consumption of a quercetin‐rich diet on obesity and dysregulated hepatic gene expression. Methods and results: C56BL/6J mice were fed for 20 wk on AIN93G (control) or a Western diet high in fat, cholesterol and sucrose, both with or without 0.05% quercetin. Triglyceride levels in plasma, thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (oxidative stress marker) and glutathione levels and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α expression in livers of mice fed with the Western diet were all improved after 8 wk feeding with quercetin. After 20 wk, further reductions of visceral and liver fat accumulation and improved hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and plasma adiponectin and TNFα levels in these mice fed with quercetin were observed. The expression of hepatic genes related to steatosis, such as peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ and sterol regulatory element‐binding protein‐1c was also normalized by quercetin. In mice fed with the control diet, quercetin did not affect body weight but reduces the plasma TNFα and hepatic thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substance levels. Conclusion: In mice fed with a Western diet, chronic dietary intake of quercetin reduces liver fat accumulation and improves systemic parameters related to metabolic syndrome, probably mainly through decreasing oxidative stress and reducing PPARα expression, and the subsequent reduced expression in the liver of genes related to steatosis.     

DHA-磷脂对肥胖小鼠脂质代谢的影响

研究了二十二碳六烯酸-磷脂（DHA-磷脂）对实验性肥胖小鼠脂质代谢的调节作用及其机制。采用Folch法和硅胶柱层析法从鸢乌贼（文字Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis）卵中分离制备得到富含DHA的磷脂。C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为3组：高脂模型组,1%大豆磷脂组,1%DHA-磷脂组。连续饲喂7周后,测定小鼠血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）含量,肝脏TC、TG、磷脂（PL）含量以及肝脏脂肪合成酶（FAS）、葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PDH）、苹果酸酶（ME）、磷脂酸磷酸酶（PAP）、肉毒碱棕榈酸转移酶（CPT）、过氧化物酶体β-氧化活力。结果显示,DHA-磷脂能极显著抑制小鼠体重（P＜0.01）和肾周脂肪（P＜0.01）及精周脂肪（P＜0.01）蓄积,降低血清TC（P＜0.01）和肝脏TG（P＜0.01）水平,抑制肝脏FAS（P＜0.01）、ME（P＜0.05）、PAP（P＜0.05）的活力,提高CPT（P＜0.01）和过氧化物酶体β-氧化（P＜0.05）的活力,且效果优于大豆磷脂。DHA-磷脂具有良好的减肥作用,能够通过抑制肝脏脂质合成,促进脂质分解,有效调节肥胖小鼠的脂质代谢。     

苦丁茶粗多酚对DSS诱导C57BL/6J小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的预防作用

目的:通过DSS（葡聚糖硫酸钠）诱导溃疡性结肠炎（UC）动物模型对苦丁茶粗多酚（KTCP）的UC预防效果进行了研究。方法:使用试剂盒检测小鼠的血清指标,同时使用RT-PCR技术检测小鼠结肠组织的mRNA表达。结果:动物实验结果显示KTCP能控制UC造成的小鼠体重下降和疾病活动指数（Disease activity index,DAI）增高;同时,KTCP还可以使UC造成结肠长度缩短和结肠重量/结肠长度比值降低得到有效的控制。解剖小鼠后对小鼠的血清和组织进行实验,观察到KTCP可以提高血清中SOD（超氧化物歧化酶）含量、降低细胞因子IL-6（白介素-6）、IL-12（白介素-12）和TNF-α（肿瘤坏死因子-α）的水平;KTCP还可以降低结肠组织中MPO（髓过氧化物酶）、MDA（丙二醛）的含量、提高GSH（谷胱甘肽）的含量。RT-PCR实验结果显示,相对于对照组KTCP可以下调结肠组织中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和CXCR2的mRNA表达。同时,高浓度的KTCP使小鼠的实验指标更接近于正常组小鼠,显示出更好的效果。结论:KTCP具有较好的溃疡性结肠炎的预防作用。      

牦牛酥油及其磷脂对C57BL/6J小鼠脂代谢的影响

将SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为5组,即对照组、黄酥油组、白酥油组、黄酥油磷脂组和白酥油磷脂组,用牦牛酥油和牦牛酥油磷脂饲喂小鼠。饲喂1个月和5个月后分别测定小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平和血糖浓度,并进行肝脏和腹腔脂肪病理观察及脂肪组织脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:长期饲喂牦牛酥油会使小鼠体重增加,而饲喂牦牛酥油磷脂小鼠体重增加较少。随着饲喂时间的延长各试验组均可提升小鼠血清HDL-C水平,小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C水平和血糖浓度由高到低依次为酥油组、磷脂组、对照组。饲喂1个月后各组小鼠肝脏和腹腔脂肪结构正常完整,未见明显组织病变,而饲喂5个月后,与对照组相比,黄酥油组、白酥油组、黄酥油磷脂组、白酥油磷脂组可见不同程度的炎症细胞浸润和脂质沉积。与饲喂1个月相比,饲喂5个月牦牛酥油磷脂可使小鼠脂肪组织中不饱和脂肪酸含量升高。与对照组相比,饲喂牦牛酥油和牦牛酥油磷脂可极显著提高小鼠脂肪组织中支链脂肪酸含量。     

Okra polysaccharide improves metabolic disorders in high‐fat diet‐induced obese C57BL/6 mice

Okra is a tropical vegetable that is rich in polysaccharides. Here, we investigated the effects of okra polysaccharide (OP) on metabolic disorders in mice. We found that OP lowered body weight and glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, and decreased serum total cholesterol levels in high‐fat diet‐fed C57BL/6 mice. OP regulated the gene expression of liver X receptors (LXRs) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) and their target genes in the liver and the adipose tissue of the mice. These results suggest that OP may have therapeutic effects on metabolic diseases via the inhibition of LXR and PPAR signaling.     

Tolerance, fermentation, and cytokine expression in healthy aged male C57BL/6J mice fed resistant starch

Health benefits of resistant starch (RS), a dietary fermentable fiber, have been well documented in young, but not in old populations. As the essential step of more comprehensive evaluations of RS on healthy aging, we examined the effects of dietary RS on tolerance, colonic fermentation, and cytokine expression in aged mice. Healthy older (18-20 months) C57BL/6J male mice were fed control, 18% RS, or 36% RS diets for 10 weeks. Body weight gain, body composition, and fat pad weights did not differ among the three groups after 10 weeks, indicating good tolerance of the RS diet. Fermentation indicators (cecum weights, and cecal proglucagon and PYY mRNA expression) were enhanced in an RS dose-dependent manner (p<0.01). Serum concentrations of soluble cytokine receptors (sTNF-Rb, sIL-4R, sIL-2Rα, sVEGFR1, and sRAGE) and TNFα expression (gene and protein) in visceral fat did not differ significantly among groups. Adiponectin protein concentrations, but not gene expression, were greater in epididymal fat of the 36% RS versus control groups (p<0.05). As a conclusion in aged mice, dietary RS is well tolerated, fermented in the colon, and stimulates colonic expression of proglucagon and PYY mRNA, and adiponectin protein in visceral fat.     

龙眼蛋白对C57BL/6小鼠及RAW264.7巨噬细胞的炎症因子的影响研究

目的 探讨龙眼蛋白对C57BL/6小鼠及RAW264.7巨噬细胞的炎症因子影响及作用机制。方法 采用反向色谱-质谱法(reverse-phase liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,RPLC-MS)鉴定龙眼蛋白的组成。采用100 mg/(kg·d)和200 mg/(kg·d)龙眼蛋白腹腔注射C57BL/6小鼠,酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)测定小鼠血液炎症因子的表达,苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色法染色分析肺部炎症病理反应;用0.2、0.4、0.6 mg/mL龙眼蛋白处理小鼠RAW264.7巨噬细胞,噻唑蓝[3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide,MTT]法测定细胞活力,实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应法(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,Q-PCR)和ELISA检测炎症因子表达,蛋白质免疫印迹法(w...     

Chestnut (Castanea crenata) inner shell extract inhibits development of hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet

The effects of chestnut inner shell extract (CISE) on hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolism in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) were evaluated. Hepatic triacylglycerol and plasma lipid levels decreased significantly in CISE-administered mice compared to control group. Relative mRNA expression levels for lipogenic genes SREBP-1c, FAS, ACCs, ACAT, and HMG-CoA were significantly decreased in CISE-administered mice (P < 0.05). CISE suppressed FAS and HMG-CoA reductase activity and increased CPT activity. To determine the active compound of CISE, the fractionation of CISE have conducted and resulted in the isolation of scoparone and scopoletin, as main compounds contained in CISE. Based on these results, we speculate that the inhibitory effect on hepatic steatosis of CISE containing scoparone and scopoletin may be the result of suppression of lipid synthesis and the acceleration of fatty acid oxidation in mice fed HFD, suggesting that CISE may be beneficial in preventing hepatic steatosis.