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温度是调控采后柑橘果实着色的主要环境因素之一。以重庆北碚产早熟蜜橘(绿熟)为实验材料,研究5、25、32℃贮藏对蜜橘果皮色泽、质体结构及相关基因表达的影响。结果表明:在第9天时,不同贮藏温度下蜜橘果实表现出显著的着色差异,5℃贮藏下果实色差指数没有显著变化,果皮呈绿色;25℃贮藏果实的C~*、a~*/b~*值显著增加,H~*值显著下降,果皮由绿转黄;32℃贮藏的果C~*、a~*/b~*值有轻微增加,H~*值无显著变化,果皮保持绿色。超微结构分析表明:果实采收时果皮油胞呈椭圆形,出现油胞腔,质体结构完整,质粒片层清晰可见,质体内分布少量质体小球。5℃贮藏延缓了蜜橘果皮油胞结构的变化,质体相关基因CcISPH1、CcISPH2、CcISPH3以及CcCRR22表达水平较低,叶绿体变化缓慢;25℃贮藏果实的果皮油胞形态逐渐解体,CcISPH1、CcISPH3以及CcCRR22上调表达,促使叶绿体发育分化为有色体;32℃贮藏果实的果皮油胞层状结构解体,呈半真空状态,CcISPH3、CcHSP17.6II分别在贮藏的第3天和第6天上调表达,CcCRR22下调表达,叶绿体分化成有色体后再分化为叶绿... 相似文献
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Yuzu (Citrus junos Tanaka) fruit samples were obtained in November 1998 from the principal producing districts in Japan and Korea, areas which are similar with regard to latitude. Cold-pressed essential oils of the peels of the various yuzu fruits were simultaneously prepared and the chemical compositions of their volatile parts were quantitatively determined by capillary GC and GC–MS. The quantities, represented by weight percent, were examined statistically by analysis of variance followed by Duncan's multiple range test. Monoterpene hydrocarbons were found in higher concentration in the Japanese yuzu oils than in Korean ones except those from Kochi (Japanese), while the concentration of the oxygenated compounds was higher in one of the Korean samples. It was noted that there were significant differences in the concentration of limonene, β-phelladrene, linalol, (E)-β-farnesene, bicyclogermacrene, and (E)-nerolidol in the samples. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Dietary fibre and antioxidant compounds in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) peel and depectinised peel waste
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Betsabé Hernández‐Santos María de los Ángeles Vivar‐Vera Jesús Rodríguez‐Miranda Erasmo Herman‐Lara Juan Gabriel Torruco‐Uco Olivia Acevedo‐Vendrell Cecilia Eugenia Martínez‐Sánchez 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2015,50(1):268-274
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采用酸水法从茶枝柑皮中提取多糖,经D-201阴离子交换树脂脱色、Sevag法脱蛋白,透析、冻干后得茶枝柑皮多糖,再用DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换柱层析及Sephadex G-100凝胶柱层析分离得到组分CPA-Ⅰ。单糖经1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)衍生化后采用高效液相色谱法对多糖组成进行研究,凝胶分子排阻色谱法鉴定其纯度并测定其相对分子质量,紫外、红外光谱法对结构进行初步分析。结果表明:茶枝柑皮多糖CPA-Ⅰ不含蛋白,重均相对分子质量为7.96×104,主要由半乳糖醛酸和阿拉伯糖组成,是羧酸酯化的半乳糖醛酸多聚糖。 相似文献
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《食品工业科技》2013,(05):234-238
以火龙果果皮为原料,采用乙醇为提取剂对火龙果皮色素进行提取,利用正交设计实验优化其提取工艺,并采用体外模型从羟自由基(·OH)的清除能力,DPPH自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力和超氧阴离子清除能力三个角度评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,色素提取液清除DPPH自由基的最优工艺条件是:选用90%的乙醇作提取溶剂,提取时间为180min,料液比为1∶16(g/mL),温度为25℃,此条件下的DPPH·清除率可达到94.68%;火龙果果皮色素清除50%DPPH·、·OH与O-2·的有效浓度(IC50)分别为2.09、46.0、2.44mg/mL。火龙果皮色素提取液对DPPH自由基的清除作用在一定的范围内呈对数递增;对超氧自由基的清除作用和羟基自由基的清除作用与其浓度呈正相关。 相似文献
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该文研究了凝胶剂添加量对杏与玫瑰花酱复合果丹皮干燥特性及品质的影响。为了加快杏与玫瑰花酱复合果丹皮干燥速率、改善品质,先通过单因素试验就单一凝胶剂添加量对杏与玫瑰花酱复合果丹皮干燥特性和品质的影响进行了研究,筛选出影响较大的四种凝胶剂。再在单因素试验的基础上设计Box-Benhnken响应面试验,以干燥速率、硬度、Vc含量、感官评分为响应值,琼脂、β-环糊精、海藻酸钠、果胶添加量为自变量进行复配,得出凝胶剂的最佳复合添加量及比例。从不同的角度对复合果丹皮的品质进行研究,发现凝胶剂添加量过多或者过少时,品质都有不同程度的变化。综合干燥速率、质构、Vc含量及感官评分结果,选取添加37.5%的琼脂、25%的β-环糊精、25%的海藻酸钠、12.5%的果胶添加量为最佳,此时的复合凝胶剂添加比例为3:2:2:1。与使用单一凝胶剂相比,复合凝胶剂更能起到协同效果,加快杏与玫瑰花酱复合果丹皮的干燥速率、改善品质,为果丹皮产业发展和市场开发提供技术参考和指导。 相似文献
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Fruit peels are often produced as a byproduct of processing and are usually disposed of as industrial waste. We conducted a study on the effective use of peels for the food industry using persimmons and mandarins as models. The production of persimmon and mandarin peel pastes, their flavor components, color, polyphenol contents, physical properties, and uses in foods (jam, cookies, and madeleines) were studied. The effects of heat treatment for sterilization, to effectively use persimmon and mandarin peels, were also investigated. The amount of water added to produce the optimum persimmon and mandarin peel pastes was 0.5× and 2.0× the weight of the respective peel samples. The main flavor components, as per GC-MS spectra of persimmon and mandarin peel pastes, were 4 and 1, respectively. The Folin assay showed the polyphenol contents of persimmon and mandarin pastes as 33.9 mg and 236.3 mg of catechin equivalent per 100 g of fresh fruit, respectively. The persimmon paste specifically improved the physical properties of cookies, whereas the mandarin paste was well suited to all the processed food forms. Heat treatment for sterilization decreased cohesiveness but increased breaking strength and adhesiveness in persimmon and mandarin pastes. 相似文献
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低糖果脯生产工艺中护色与硬化效果的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用L18(37)正交试验研究不同复合护色液组合对低糖果脯的护色、硬化效果,通过追踪测定处理后果胚的褐变度筛选复合护色液的最佳组合配方。结果表明:柠檬酸和VC 分别在质量分数0.30% 和0.06% 时果胚褐变度最小;采用1.5% CaCl2+1.0% NaCl 复合硬化时,果坯软硬适中,外观整齐,口感较佳;就护色时间而言,果胚在处理2.0~3.0h 时褐变度有最低值。SPSS 分析结果表明,VC 的护色效果达到极显著水平,CaCl2 达到显著水平,柠檬酸、NaCl 和护色时间差异不显著。综合后确定最佳工艺组合为0.30% 柠檬酸+0.08% VC+1.5% CaCl2+1.2% NaCl 复合护色处理3h,此时果胚褐变度最低,具有良好的工艺效果。 相似文献
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叶绿素及衍生物研究进展与护绿工艺分析 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
针对绿色果蔬在加工中裉色和变色问题,将近年来叶绿素褪色机理及护色技术研究进展作了综合分析。结果表明,脱镁叶绿素a,b,焦脱镁叶绿素a,b及脱镁叶绿酸a,b的形成,是造成果蔬色劣化的原因。目前在护绿处理上普遍采用了固色、染色、配色技术。从研究前景上看:1)叶绿素降解机理有待深化;2)金属离子护色方法需有国家标准;3)生物技术的发展将为护绿提供新途径。 相似文献
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目的 探究解决百香果果酒存储期间出现浑浊现象的技术.方法 以陈酿百香果酒为原料,以透光率和感官评分作为澄清效果的评价指标,对比自然澄清法、离心法、活性白土澄清法、果胶酶澄清法、壳聚糖澄清法和膜过滤法6种澄清方法对百香果果酒的澄清效果,并对澄清剂的最适添加量进行了探究.结果 6种澄清方法的澄清效果为:活性白土澄清法>果胶... 相似文献
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水果果皮的加工利用现状及研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
我国是水果生产大国,但水果加工副产物果皮等废弃物丢弃严重,未能得到充分利用。水果果皮中含有多种活性成分且具有特殊的多孔结构和巨大的比表面积,水果果皮作为水果加工的副产物,对其多种活性成分进行提取和加工利用,可变废为宝,提高原料的利用率,具有较大的利用价值。本文以橘子皮、柚子皮、柠檬皮、香蕉皮为主要原料,对这几种水果果皮活性成分的功效和提取方法以及其综合开发利用等几个方面进行了综述,以期为合理利用资源、避免对环境造成污染提供借鉴。 相似文献
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以生姜皮为原料,经热水浸提法,乙醇醇沉得到生姜皮粗多糖。再经DEAE-纤维素-52阴离子交换柱和Sephadex?G-100凝胶柱对所得粗多糖进行层析纯化,得到3种水溶性生姜皮多糖(GE-1、GE-2、GE-3)。利用高效液相色谱与蒸发光散射检测器联用测定各多糖组分的分子质量,利用柱前衍生高效液相色谱法分析各多糖组分的单糖组成,通过紫外光谱扫描、红外光谱扫描进一步分析各组分多糖结构。结果表明3种纯化多糖组分总糖含量分别为(98.06±0.15)%、(97.41±0.42)%、(97.89±0.22)%,分子质量分别为462、194 k D和376 k D。GE-1的单糖组成主要为甘露糖、葡萄糖、木糖,含有微量的半乳糖,其物质的量比为1.25∶6∶1;GE-2的单糖组成主要为甘露糖、葡萄糖和岩藻糖,其物质的量比为2.51∶9.25∶1;GE-3的单糖组成主要为甘露糖、核糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖,其物质的量比为17.39∶1∶1.89∶1.23。紫外光谱扫描结果显示3种多糖组分无明显的核酸和蛋白质吸收峰,红外光谱结果分析得出GE-1、GE-2和GE-3含有多糖类物质的特征吸收峰。 相似文献
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Robert Veberic Mateja Trobec Karin Herbinger Melanie Hofer Dieter Grill Franci Stampar 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2005,85(10):1687-1694
Eleven organically grown apple cultivars and 11 apple cultivars of integrated production from Austria and Slovenia were analyzed by HPLC for the content of phenolic compounds in peel and pulp. We identified chlorogenic acid, p‐coumaric acid, procyanidin B3, protocatechuic acid, (?)‐epicatechin, phloridzin, rutin and quercetin‐3‐rhamnoside in apple peel. In apple pulp, (+)‐catechin was also identified in all the cultivars. Some other phenols (procyanidin B3, rutin and quercetin‐3‐rhamnoside) could not be identified or were not properly separated. With regard to the phenolic content in the apple peel, there were no differences between organically grown apple cultivars and apple cultivars of integrated production. Organically grown apples, however, exhibited a higher content of phenolic substances in the apple pulp compared with the apple cultivars of integrated production. This may be due either to the different genotype source or to the growing technology. Higher concentrations of phenolic compounds in organically grown cultivars could be a result of plant response to stress. The apple peel contained higher concentrations of identified phenols than the pulp. The apple peel represents up to 10% of the whole fruit; therefore the phenolsic compounds in the pulp are of greater importance to the consumer than the phenolic compounds in the peel. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献