异氰酸酯/可发性酚醛树脂泡沫体的制备

采用端异氰酸酯聚醚预聚物与可发性酚醛树脂制备了新型泡沫体。通过ESI-MS光谱分析和泡沫物理力学性能测试研究了异氰酸酯基团与可发性酚醛树脂比例、异氰酸酯基团和三聚体相对含量、可发性酚醛树脂分子质量对泡沫体制备及性能的影响。结果表明:异氰酸酯基团与酚醛树脂质量比为40/100、三聚体质量分数17.33%、酚醛树脂聚合时间45min时,泡沫体的体积稳定性好,收缩率低;可发性酚醛树脂分子质量增加时,泡沫体的密度从60.16kg/m3增加到63.96kg/m3,基本保持稳定;其弯曲强度为0.2MPa,弯曲应变达到15%以上,远高于纯酚醛泡沫(6%)。在150℃下烘烤2h,泡沫体的质量损失为6%左右,体积变化为-5%左右。泡沫体的热稳定性优于聚氨酯泡沫,同时又有良好的韧性。     

分子结构对聚酰亚胺泡沫熔体粘度和形貌的影响

研究了含2,3,3',4'-联苯四酸二酐(a-BPDA)的聚酰亚胺(PI)泡沫材料体系中,泡沫前驱体树脂的热处理温度、计算分子量、二酐分子结构对聚酰亚胺前驱体树脂熔体粘度和泡沫形貌的影响。研究发现,对于a-BPDA/m-PDA/NA体系,计算分子量为1500、密度为100 kg/m3时,前驱体树脂经过260℃/1 h的热处理得到的泡沫材料泡孔均匀、闭孔率可达89%,压缩强度为1.34 MPa,压缩模量为37.1 MPa;在该体系中,部分引入ODPA或BTDA,可降低材料制备成本,同时拥有PI泡沫原有的形貌和闭孔率。     

酚醛泡沫塑料制备和性能研究

研究了酚醛泡沫制备工艺中一些参数条件对泡沫体性能的影响。研究发现：泡沫体的密度随发泡剂的用量增大而减小;表面活性剂的最适合用量为树脂质量的5％;固化剂的用量为树脂质量的4％-6％时可以达到发泡和固化同步的效果。泡沫体的吸水率与泡沫体的密度相关。力学实验表明：泡沫体的压缩强度随泡沫体的密度增大而增大。热重分析结果表明：泡沫体具有优秀的热稳定性能。     

纤维/气凝胶泡沫混凝土的制备与性能研究

气凝胶因具有低导热系数、高孔隙率、轻质等优异特性而备受关注,同时还具有高疏水性及良好的吸声和减震功能.实验以气凝胶为填充材料,玻璃纤维丝为增强体,制备了一种新型超轻质纤维/气凝胶泡沫混凝土.结果 表明:玻璃纤维的掺入促进了泡沫混凝土的成型,在超轻泡沫混凝土制备过程中起到至关重要的作用.当纤维含量为0.9％时,导热系数为0.058 W/(m·K),其密度为205 kg/m3,远低于普通泡沫混凝土的导热系数(0.08～0.25 W/(m· K))与密度(300～1600 kg/m3).抗压强度为0.32 MPa,符合泡沫混凝土标准JG/T 266-2011中A03级抗压强度的要求.     

再生微粉泡沫保温材料的制备及性能研究

采用湿泡沫拌合法以再生微粉(RP)为主要原料制备了泡沫保温材料,通过测量泡沫的稳定时间、浆体的流动特性与凝结过程,结合试件的抗压强度、干密度、孔隙率以及导热系数等指标,探讨了浆体组成对泡沫存活状态的影响规律以及RP的最大掺量。结果表明:泡沫的稳定性与浆体的黏度、凝结过程存在适宜的匹配状态,当水固比为0.80、浆体黏度为1.7 Pa·s左右、终凝时间小于30 min时,预制泡沫具有较好的存活状态;RP的最大掺量可达70%,所制备泡沫保温材料的抗压强度为1.15 MPa,导热系数为0.118 W/(m·K),符合JG/T 266—2011泡沫混凝土标准A06等级要求。     

聚氨酯泡沫模板法低温制备SiC泡沫陶瓷

利用聚氨酯泡沫浸渍聚碳硅烷(PCS)与SiC微粉制成的有机溶剂浆料,挂浆素坯经热氧化处理后于1000℃下惰性气体中烧结制备SiC泡沫陶瓷。运用X衍射分析、扫描电镜、线收缩率测定和三点弯折强度测试等手段,研究了PCS含量、SiC颗粒粒径对泡沫陶瓷线收缩率、微观形貌、抗弯强度的影响。结果表明:PCS经1000℃热解产物为无定形结构,无定形SiC将SiC颗粒粘结起来,形成泡沫陶瓷的骨架筋结构,泡沫陶瓷孔径介于0.3～0.6mm之间;SiC泡沫陶瓷线收缩率随SiC颗粒尺寸与PCS含量的增大而增加,抗弯强度随颗粒尺寸的增加而减小;在颗粒尺寸为0.3μm时,PCS含量为10%时,抗弯强度最大为2.8MPa,当SiC颗粒尺寸为1μm、5μm、10μm和20μm时,PCS含量为15%时,其抗弯强度最大值分别为2.2 MPa、2.1MPa、1.8 MPa和1.4MPa。     

氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备

采用有机泡沫前驱体浸渍工艺制备氧化铝泡沫陶瓷。通过涂覆处理获得缺陷较少、结构均匀的泡沫陶瓷体。通过TG—DTA，XRD，SEM研究了试样在热处理过程中的物理化学变化，烧结体的物相组成及其显微结构。研究袁明：烧结体以α-Al2O3为主晶相，其次是莫来石；烧结体中宏观孔基本上是连通的。     

交联剂对低密度高回弹聚氨酯泡沫性能的影响

采用不同交联剂制成了低密度聚氨酯高回弹泡沫,其芯密度为32 kg/m。分别考察了交联剂对泡沫成型工艺、拉伸强度、撕裂强度、回弹率和动态耐疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,采用聚醚质量分数1.5%的自制交联剂K制成的泡沫,工艺性与三乙醇胺制成的泡沫的相近,泡沫的伸长率和撕裂强度分别可达102.4%和249 N/m泡沫的动态耐疲劳性能较好,压陷硬度损失率为11.3%。     

聚氨酯预聚体增韧酚醛泡沫保温板的性能

研究了聚氨酯改性剂改性酚醛泡沫,测试了改性酚醛泡沫的性能,采用热重、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜分析改性酚醛泡沫的微观结构,最终得到一种保温效果好、力学性能优异的新型酚醛泡沫。改性后酚醛泡沫具有如下特点:保温效果好,导热系数为0.030 W/(m·K);硬度大,表观密度可达40~60 kg/m3;韧性好,弯曲强度达2.1MPa,压缩强度提高16.5%,可达0.134 MPa。     

醇-磷酸酯法降解废旧聚氨酯的研究

选用不同的降解剂,采用醇-磷酸酯法降解废旧聚氨酯泡沫,对降解产物进行性能测试。结果表明：以一缩二乙二醇和磷酸三正丁酯为降解剂降解聚氨酯软质泡沫效果较好。以降解产物作为部分原料制备聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料体,对其性能测试并与不加降解产物制备的聚氨酯硬质泡沫体比较,结果表明：降解产物作为部分原料对聚氨酯硬质泡沫塑料的性能影响不大。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。