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以1,5-二氯-2,4-二硝基苯(DCDNB)为原料,经烷氧基化和催化加氢还原反应合成4,6-二乙氧基间苯二胺(DEDAB),并探索了其影响因素。结果表明合成中间体1,5-二乙氧基-2,4-二硝基苯(DEDNB)的较佳条件为:n(DCDNB)∶n(NaOH)∶n(无水C2H5OH)=1∶4∶30,室温下反应7 h,收率96.43%,HPLC纯度99.74%;产品DEDAB的较优合成工艺条件为:n(DEDNB)∶n(无水C2H5OH)= 1∶44,w(10%Pd/C)/w(DEDNB)= 10%,反应时间7 h,反应温度110 ℃,氢气压力1.5 MPa,收率95.42%,HPLC纯度98.87%。产品及中间体结构经1H NMR、MS 和FTIR分析表征确认。 相似文献
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2,2-二(3,5-二氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷是一种新型膨胀型阻燃剂和合成N-P系膨胀型阻燃剂的中间体。研究了Fe-A l/C催化水合肼还原2,2-二(4-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)丙烷合成2,2-二(3,5-二氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷的反应条件。结果表明:对20 mmol的反应物,Fe-A l/C催化剂的用量为0.6 g,反应温度为75℃,反应时间为5 h,物料比n〔2,2-二(4-羟基-3,5-二硝基苯基)丙烷〕∶n(水合肼)=1∶12时,还原产率为93.75%,w〔2,2-二(3,5-二氨基-4-羟基苯基)丙烷〕=96.5%(HPLC),Fe-A l/C催化剂可以重复使用7次。产物经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振和质谱分析确证。 相似文献
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研究了一种N-甲基-7-硝基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉的合成新工艺,该法以1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉为原料,在离子液体催化下用碳酸二甲酯进行烷基化,然后用Cu(NO3)2.3H2O/醋酸进行硝化反应得到目标产物。通过对影响反应的多种因素研究得到比较合理的工艺条件,烷基化反应:1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉∶DMC=1∶4(mol比,下同),90~95℃反应5h;硝化反应:Cu(NO3)2.3H2O∶N-甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢喹啉=1.5∶1,40℃反应3h;在此条件下,两步总收率74.7%。产品结构经1 H NMR表征确认。 相似文献
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以2-氨基吡嗪(Ⅰ)为原料,经溴代、吗啉取代,合成得到目标化合物2-氨基-5-溴-3-吗啉-4-基吡嗪(Ⅲ),合成路线总收率为45.9%(以2-氨基吡嗪计),目标化合物结构经1HNMR确证。该文对反应投料比、温度、反应时间等因素进行了考察并优化,最优反应条件为:n(2-氨基吡嗪)∶n(溴素)∶n(吡啶)=1∶2.1∶2.1,避光,40℃下反应30 min;每克3,5-二溴-2-氨基吡嗪加入4 mL吗啉,80℃下反应1 h。优化后的合成路线反应条件温和、操作简单、成本低廉,适合较大规模制备。 相似文献
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2,3-二甲氧基-5-甲基-1,4-苯醌的合成 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以3,4,5-三甲氧基甲苯(TMT)为原料,先由V ilsm e ier-Haack反应合成6-甲基-2,3,4-三甲氧基苯甲醛,然后在对甲基苯磺酸催化下经Dak in反应将其氧化为6-甲基-2,3,4-三甲氧基苯酚,最后用重铬酸钠催化氧化合成了辅酶Q0,过程总收率达到72.3%。经正交实验得V ilsm e ier-Haack反应的最佳工艺为:n(TMT)∶n(POC l3)∶n(DMF)=1∶1.8∶2.2,反应温度70℃,反应时间7 h。在此工艺条件下,此步反应收率可达93.2%,w(6-甲基-2,3,4-三甲氧基苯甲醛)=98.5%;在Dakin反应中,以w(H2O2)=30%为氧化剂,30℃为最佳反应温度,反应时间1.5 h。 相似文献
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以3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯、3-氨基丙酸和6-氨基正己酸为原料,室温反应合成了3-(3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氨基)丙酸和6-(3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氨基)正己酸。反应过程中,3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯分批加入,滴加2 mol/L氢氧化钠水溶液控制反应体系的pH=8~9,n(3,5-二硝基苯甲酰氯)/n(氨基酸)=1,收率分别为84%和81%;硝基化合物经10%钯炭催化剂(用量为反应物质量的10%)催化加氢,再经盐酸酸化,得目标产物3-(3,5-二氨基苯甲酰氨基)丙酸盐酸盐和6-(3,5-二氨基苯甲酰氨基)正己酸盐酸盐,收率分别为93%和94%。相关化合物的结构通过FTIR1、HNMR1、3CNMR进行了表征。 相似文献
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以间苯二酚和乙酰乙酸乙酯为原料,Keggin结构磷钨酸、磷钼酸、磷钼钨酸和硅钨酸杂多酸做催化剂,在无溶剂的条件下,经Pechmann反应催化合成了7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素,该催化反应具有选择性高、不污染环境及不腐蚀设备的优点。以H4SiW12O40.15H2O催化剂为代表进行了条件优化,在n(间苯二酚)∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(H4SiW12O40.15H2O)=1∶1.5∶0.01,反应温度130℃,反应时间20min条件下,7-羟基-4-甲基香豆素收率为85.9%。该文报告工作的新颖性已为中国科学技术信息研究所2007年6月4日出具的第20071100100234号《科技查新报告》所证实。 相似文献
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M. S. J. Simmonds W. M. Blaney F. Delle Monache M. Marquina Mac-Quhae G. B. Marini Bettolo 《Journal of chemical ecology》1985,11(12):1593-1599
Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria. 相似文献
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Cheng-Le Zhao Shane Porzio Alan Smith Haiyan Ge H. T. Davis L. E. Scriven 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2006,3(2):109-115
Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively.
There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized.
High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without
the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of
fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to
achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic
SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve
F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender
particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing,
and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing
or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually
preserves suspension stability during freezing.
Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago,
IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition. 相似文献
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Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US
In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae
and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted
in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures
(release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species
(Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species
to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were
exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of
separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles
from the southeastern region of the US. 相似文献
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Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed. 相似文献
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中蓝晨光化工研究院有限公司《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2009,37(3)
收集了2007年7月~2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007~2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍. 相似文献
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中蓝晨光化工研究院《塑料工业》编辑部 《塑料工业》2007,35(3):1-25,67
收集了2005年7月~2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。 相似文献