纳豆激酶纤溶活性研究

通过制备纳豆提取液、纳豆激酶粗酶,对纳豆激酶纤溶活性进行研究。结果表明:纳豆激酶纤溶活性最适pH为8.0,pH6~10溶液中40℃以下基本稳定,pH<5失去纤溶活性;模拟胃环境的酸性条件下,粗酶失去纤溶活性,而纳豆浸提液纤溶活性保持25%;SDS-PAGE电泳显示,胰蛋白酶对纳豆激酶成分没有降解作用;体外溶栓作用表明,纳豆激酶溶解纤维蛋白的方式是直接溶解,而不是通过激活纤溶酶原。     

纳豆激酶研究进展及其应用

本文概括了纳豆激酶的基本性质,论述了溶血栓的作用机制包括直接溶栓作用;刺激血管内皮细胞产生t-PA;激活体内尿激酶原转变为尿激酶;通过降解和失活纤溶酶原激活剂的抑制剂来调控纤溶作用.此外还介绍了该酶的降血压作用,使用的安全性和有效性以及国内外纳豆激酶相关产品的开发状况和市场情况.     

纤维蛋白溶解酶SPFE-I的溶栓活性及纤溶机理研究

采用体外实验和SDS～PAGE电泳法对纤维蛋白溶解酶SPFE—I的溶栓活性、抗凝活性及纤溶机理进行了研究。体外实验证明，该酶终浓度为0．12U／mL时具有体外抗凝血作用，血块在1．5U／mL酶液中的溶解率为72％；采用SDS—PAGE电泳法研究发现，该酶可以水解纤维蛋白原的13、1链，激活纤维蛋白溶酶原形成纤维蛋白溶解酶，并降解纤维蛋白溶解酶原激活剂抑制剂-1。     

纳豆激酶分离纯化及纤溶活性研究

经过生理盐水浸提、(NH4)2SO4分级沉淀、Sephadex G-100凝胶层析等纯化步骤,从纳豆中获得层析纯的纳豆激酶,纯化倍数15.6,回收率10.2%,SDS-PAGE电泳显示为二个组分,分子量在29000左右。对其纤溶性质研究表明:纳豆激酶活性的最适pH为8.0,pH6～10溶液中40℃以下基本稳定,pH<5失去纤溶活性;模拟胃环境的酸性条件下,粗酶失去纤溶活性,而纳豆生理盐水浸提液纤溶活性保持25%;SDS-PAGE电泳显示,胰蛋白酶对纳豆激酶成分没有降解作用;体外溶栓作用表明,纳豆激酶溶解纤维蛋白的方式是直接溶解,而不是通过激活纤溶酶原。     

大豆激酶的开发与应用

大豆激酶亦称纳豆激酶，是一种能溶解和阻滞造成人体血管栓塞的纤维蛋白，具有通检作用的酶制剂。1大豆激酶的物性特点提纯的纳豆激酶为白色、无臭的粉末，该激酶是一种蛋白质。氨基酶的排列顺序已弄清，是由含丙氨酸的275个残基组成，其分子量为2O000，是一条单链多肽，它比尿激酶和组织性纤溶酶原激活物和纤溶酶分子量小得多。它不仅能静脉注入，而且口服效果也非常良好，使用亦很方便。2药理作用纳豆激酶不仅能直接有溶解血栓的作用，而且还能引起人体内组织性纤溶酶原激活物的增加和激活人体内的尿激酶原，起到双重的溶栓作用。纳豆檄…     

豆豉纤溶酶生产菌发酵液功能性研究

豆豉是中国的一种传统食品,为证实其具有多种保健功能,对豆豉纤溶酶生产菌发酵液的抑菌作用、抗氧化性及溶栓活性进行了研究.试验结果表明：抑菌作用试验中,pH值在4.0～10.0之间均有抑菌活性,且抑菌效果基本保持稳定,当温度在4～80℃之间变化时,粗酶液的抑菌活性变化不很大,具有一定的热稳定性;抗氧化试验中,豆豉纤溶酶生产菌的发酵培养基和发酵液离心后的上清液都具有一定的抗氧化作用,其量不同抗氧化性也不同;溶栓作用试验中,豆豉纤溶酶在pH值4.0～10.0范围内都较稳定,酶活在碱性条件下比酸性条件下高,最适pH值为7.0,豆豉纤溶酶在冷藏和室温保存中较稳定,随着温度增高,酶活降低,豆豉纤溶酶粗酶液在贮存期中溶栓作用较为稳定。     

纤溶酶SPFE-Ⅱ的纤溶机制和酶反应动力学研究

研究芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp. nov.)SK006发酵产生的纤溶酶SPFE-Ⅱ的溶栓机理及酶促反应动力学参数。研究结果表明,SPFE-Ⅱ对纤维蛋白原的降解过程为先降解α链,之后是β链,而对γ链的降解最缓慢,这与人血纤溶酶对纤维蛋白的降解过程相同;SPFE-Ⅱ对纤维蛋白有直接降解作用,同时可激活纤溶酶原,从而间接降解纤维蛋白;SPFE-Ⅱ具有较强的酰胺水解活性,最适底物为N-Succ-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA;采用Hanes-Woolf法求得作用最佳底物的特征常数:Km=0.51 mmol/L;kcat=154.25 s-1;kcat/Km=3.02×105 L/mol.s。     

枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶的纯化及性质研究

以从牛肉酱中筛选的1株高产纤溶酶的枯草芽孢杆菌为材料,进行发酵产酶。其发酵液经过硫酸铵盐析、Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤、C M SepharoseCL-6B离子交换层析和电泳制备,得到电泳纯的枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶;其分子质量为32.5ku;pI10.9～11.8;具有直接溶解纤维蛋白和激活纤溶酶原的双重作用;胰蛋白酶对此酶无降解作用,对其纤溶活性无影响;该酶在pH4.0～13.0稳定,对温度的适应范围较广。     

豆豉纤溶酶的研究进展

豆豉纤溶酶是由豆豉枯草芽孢杆菌分泌的一种具有强烈纤溶作用的丝氨酸蛋白酶.该文对豆豉枯草杆菌的筛选、发酵、酶的提取、活性测定、理化性质以及动物溶栓药效试验进行了综述.     

豆豉纤溶酶生产菌发酵液营养和活性成分分析

本文对豆豉纤溶酶生产菌发酵液中的部分营养与活性成分进行了研究,并进行了功能实验,证明含有豆豉纤溶酶的食品具有一定的保健功能.此实验为利用豆豉开发新型溶栓药物及保健食品提供了参考依据.     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

2010年山西省食品中食源性致病菌监测分析

目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45％,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50％和8.22％,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02％、1.11％和0.87％.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33％,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00％,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11％.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管.