Input impedance of a circulator with an inphase eigen-excitation resonator

The input impedance of a circulator with an inphase eigen excitation resonator can be expressed by that of a 2-stage bandpass filter. The external Q factor of an inphase eigenexcitation resonator should be three-quarters that of rotational-phase eigen-excitation resonators to obtain a maximally fiat performance.     

Multiport analysis of arbitrary circular-rod insets in rectangularwaveguide by the generalized admittance matrix

An original generalized-admittance-matrix (GAM) approach for the analysis of multiport junctions in rectangular waveguide having an arbitrary circular-rod inset is presented in this paper. The method is based on an efficient computation of the GAM for the blocks that compose the structure. The efficiency is due to the fact that, for each block, the full three-dimensional GAM is obtained by solving a set of uncoupled two-dimensional problems. The accuracy and efficiency of the method developed have been assessed by comparing the results obtained with some measured data and with data obtained by the finite-element method     

Input impedance of a probe-fed circular microstrip antenna with thick substrate

A method of computing the input impedance for the probe fed circular microstrip antenna with thick dielectric substrate is presented. Utilizing the framework of the cavity model, the fields under the microstrip patch are expanded in a set of modes satisfying the boundary conditions on the eccentrically located probe, as well as on the cavity magnetic wall. A mode-matching technique is used to solve for the electric field at the junction between the cavity and the coaxial feed cable. The reflection coefficient of the transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode incident in the coaxial cable is determined, from which the input impedance of the antenna is computed. Measured data are presented to verify the theoretical calculations. Results of the computation of various losses for the circular printed antenna as a function of substrate thickness are also included.     

Characteristic impedance of microshield lines with arbitrary shieldcross section

A generalized potential-matching method incorporating reflection matrices is developed to calculate the capacitance of microshield lines with trapezoidal, circular, and V-shaped shields. Both completely shielded and half-shielded lines are analyzed. The effects of membrane thickness, strip width, and gapwidth on the characteristic impedance are studied     

Input impedance of a probe-fed stacked circular microstrip antenna

The input impedance of a microstrip antenna consisting of two circular microstrip disks in a stacked configuration driven by a coaxial probe is investigated. A rigorous analysis is performed using a dyadic Green's function formulation whereby the mixed boundary value problem is reduced to a set of coupled vector integral equations using the vector Hankel transform. Galerkin's method is used in the spectral domain, using two sets of disk current expansions. One set is based on the complete set of orthogonal modes of the magnetic cavity, and the other uses Chebyshev polynomials with the proper edge condition for the disk currents. An additional term is added to the disk current expansion to model the current properly in the vicinity of the probe/disk junction. The input impedance of the antenna, including the probe self-impedance, is calculated as a function of the layered parameters and the ratio of the two disk radii. Disk current distributions and radiation patterns are presented. The calculated results are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data     

Input impedance of annular-ring microstrip antennas with adielectric cover

A theoretical and numerical analysis of the annular-ring microstrip antenna with a dielectric cover is performed. The problem is formulated in the Hankel transform domain, taking a coaxial feed into consideration. The integral equations for the surface current density on the patch are derived. Galerkin's method is used to solve for the surface current density, and a stationary formula for the input impedance is obtained. Numerical results showing the effects of a dielectric cover on the TM₁₂ mode of the annular ring are given. It is found that the dielectric cover reduces the resonant frequency, decreases the resonant resistance, and increases the impedance bandwidth     

INPUT IMPEDANCE OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA WITH THICK MULTILAYER SUBSTRATE

A method has been devised to analyze multilayer electrically thick circular mi-crostrip antenna excited by a probe.The current on the probe is taken to be uniform.Thismethod was verified by analysis and experiment of an electrically thick circular microstrip an-tenna with an air gap.Based on the free space electric dyadic Green's function,the field expressionof an horizontal electric dipole(HED),which is located at any point of the multilayer media andpoints in any direction,has been derived.By using this field expression and the Richmond re-action equation,an integral equation in terms of electric current on the patch is formulated.Byproperly choosing current expansion modes,this method can be used for an electrically thick mi-crostrip antenna.The theoretical results agree very well with experimental data for an electricallythick circular microstrip antenna with an air gap.     

Input impedance of a coaxial-line fed probe in a thick coaxial-linewaveguide

The Green's functions for determining the electromagnetic fields inside a semiinfinite coaxial line due to a radially directed, infinitesimally thin, and short-current element have been derived. In addition to the TEM mode, TE and TM modes are also considered. Based on the Green's functions, a closed-form formula for determining the input impedance of a probe in a coaxial line terminated at an arbitrary load has been derived. Good agreement is observed between the theoretical results and experimental measurements over a wide frequency band for several configurations of interest. At low frequencies where the TEM mode is dominating, there is practically no difference between the results obtained by the rigorous analysis and those by a simple formula derived from the transmission-line theory. However, at frequencies where TE and TM modes are no longer insignificant, there is a noticeable discrepancy between the results obtained by the rigorous and not-so-rigorous methods     

Input impedance of a dipole antenna above a conducting half space

The derivation of an expression for the change in free space input impedance of a finite horizontal dipole, due to the proximity of a conducting half space, is outlined. The impedance change is expressed in a conveniently computable form in terms of the Fourier transform of the antenna current distribution. Using available transforms some typical results are shown over a 50:1 frequency range.     

双圆柱体结构天线阵列输入阻抗计算和阻抗匹配

该文介绍了一种由双圆柱体单元组成的全向天线输入阻抗的计算方法。文中将全向天线分解为馈电子系统和辐射子系统,同时将辐射子系统等效成一个N端口网络。首先根据传输线上电压、电流的传播关系,推导出网络的端口电压,端口电流和端口阻抗,然后由传输线上阻抗变换关系推导出天线的输入阻抗。从而可见,为实现该天线的阻抗匹配只须调节天线两端的短路活塞位置。同时,实测值验证了天线样品反射系数的计算结果。     

Input impedance of aperture-coupled dielectric resonator antennas

Dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) excited by a narrow-slot aperture in a conducting ground plane are analyzed using a numerical technique based upon a surface-integral equation formulation for bodies of revolution (BORs) coupled to non-BOR geometries. An efficient matrix-solution algorithm, together with a simple microstrip transmission-line model or a delta-source model are used to compute the antenna input impedance. Input impedances obtained with this technique show favorable agreement to those obtained via another numerical technique, as well as to those obtained by measurement     

Intermodulation distortion of a bipolar common-emitter amplifier with arbitrary emitter impedance and input matching network

In this paper, concise formulas for the intermodulation distortion of a bipolar common-emitter amplifier stage with arbitrary emitter impedance and input matching network are presented. These expressions provide quantitative insight in the influence of transistor properties, emitter degeneration and input power matching on distortion. Only a small set of measurable transistor parameters is needed. As examples, IIP3 is calculated for transistor only, transistor with emitter inductance, and transistor with emitter inductance and input matching circuit. Two transistors are compared: a double-poly Si transistor and a SiGe transistor in a similar process. A good agreement between analytical and numerical results is obtained.     

Input impedance of a circular microstrip disc antenna using mode matching

A model is developed to calculate the input impedance of a coaxially fed circular microstrip disc antenna. A mode-matching approach is used, which makes it possible to include the effects of modes other than the dominant mode. Comparison is made with measured results taken over the frequency range 8 GHz to 11 GHz.     

Equivalent surface impedance of an infinite periodic array of slot impedance loads based on a semicylinder cavity

A problem of finding the equivalent surface impedance of an infinite periodic array of slot impedance loads based on a semicylinder cavity. The problem is solved by the integral-equation method. As the numerical method for solving the integral equation, the Krylov-Bogoliubov method is used. The results of the numerical experiment are presented in the form of dependences of the impedance on the cavity radius, slot width, conductor width, and angle of electromagnetic-wave incidence. The angular dependences of the impedance are compared to the earlier results obtained for an array of rectangular grooves and a single impedance load based on a semicylinder cavity.     

TEM传输室多层介质支撑特性阻抗的数值分析

采用边界元法分析了芯板支撑对TEM传输室特性阻抗的影响.介绍了建模方法,以及边界元法计算多介质区域特性阻抗的基本思想.计算结果表明:芯板支撑对特性阻抗的影响比较显著,随材料介电常数的不同,影响值一般为2～5Ω左右.测量结果与计算结果基本吻合.提出的数值计算方法有助于TEM传输室的设计.     

Input impedance of an electric dipole arbitrarily oriented in a corner reflector

A technique for calculating the input impedance ? of an electric dipole is developed. The dipole with half-length l is oriented arbitrarily in a corner reflector with infinite dimensions and flare angle π/N (where N is an integer). The technique is based on the method of images and induced electromotive forces. The results of calculating the active and reactive parts of impedance ? are presented for the case of a half-wave dipole oriented in different ways for different dipole-to-corner distances.     

Bandwidth and dispersion characteristics of a new rectangularwaveguide with two L-shaped septa

A new rectangular waveguide with two L-shaped septa has been added to the family of septa-loaded broad-band waveguides. Its modal characteristics and dispersion in the inhomogeneously loaded version have been theoretically determined. The cutoff frequency and the bandwidth of the lowest TE mode are also compared with the experimentally measured values obtained with a test cavity     

Input impedance of a monopole antenna at the center of a finite ground plane

A technique for computing the input impedance of a monopole on a finite ground plane is provided. The case of an infinite ground plane is first examined, and then the concept of using a magnetic edge current as an equivalent source of diffraction on the limited size ground plane is introduced. The technique used is serf-consistent in that the circular ground plane considered is the limit of a polygonal ground plane as the number of sides tends to infinity. Good agreement has been demonstrated when the nearest edge of the ground plane is at least 0.3 wavelength from the base of the monopole.     

Input impedance of the slot-fed dielectric resonator antennawith/without a backing cavity

Slot-fed dielectric resonator antennas with or without a backing cavity are studied theoretically and experimentally. A coaxial cable is used to excite the slot. The input impedances and return losses of the antennas are found and discussed     

Input impedance of a short antenna in a warm plasma driven from a coaxial air line

An approximation technique is used to calculate numerically the input impedance of a short antenna immersed in a warm plasma driven from a coaxial air line. The effect of the gap configuration is observed to be significant on the antenna reactance only.