中热水泥-粉煤灰体系的贫钙问题

为了提高水工大体积混凝土中的粉煤灰掺量,研究了中热水泥 粉煤灰体系的贫钙问题.通过抗折和抗压强度试验研究了粉煤灰掺量对中热水泥-粉煤灰体系的强度的影响，通过水化率测定和XRD分析研究了中热水泥-粉煤灰体系的水化特性.结果表明：在强度实验中，粉煤灰存在一个允许掺量，这个掺量随着养护龄期的增长而提高0.3 d和28 d时，允许掺量小于10%， 而在3.5a时，允许掺量高达65%以上；体系中粉煤灰的水化速率很慢，粉煤灰明显降低了体系中的Ca(OH)₂，随着粉煤灰掺量增加和龄期延长，Ca(OH)₂减少.在中热水泥-粉煤灰体系中并不存在贫钙问题.     

粉煤灰对水泥凝结时间的影响

为探究粉煤灰掺量对水泥凝结时间的影响,对不同掺量粉煤灰水泥进行标准稠度下和固定水灰比下凝结实验。结果表明:在标准稠度用水量下,粉煤灰掺量的增加对凝结时间有延缓作用;在固定水灰比下,粉煤灰掺量超过2 0%时,随粉煤灰掺量的增加水泥凝结时间反而缩短;相同粉煤灰掺量下,随着水灰比的增加浆体凝结时间均有不同程度的延长。     

石膏掺量对高贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥性能的影响

利用循环流化床(CFBC)固硫灰代替部分铝矾土、石膏等原料制备高贝利特-硫铝酸盐水泥,并采用XRD、SEM等方法研究了石膏掺量对该水泥凝结时间、抗压强度、水化产物和微观结构的影响。结果表明,利用固硫灰等原料制备的水泥熟料的矿物组成主要有C2S、C4A3S、铁相等;掺入石膏会缩短水泥的凝结时间,最佳石膏掺量为9%;水泥3d、28d净浆强度可以达到39.00MPa和82.59MPa;掺入适量石膏能促进C4A3S和C2S水化,掺量不足会使AFt向AFm转化,掺量过大反而会阻碍C4A3S的水化,进而影响水泥强度;不同石膏掺量下的水泥水化产物主要为AFt、AFm、C-S-H凝胶和铝胶等。     

无碱无氯液体速凝剂的性能及其作用机理

对实验室制备的一种新型无碱无氯液体速凝剂进行了凝结时间、抗压强度等宏观性能的检测,并利用XRD、SEM等现代测试手段进行了微观机理分析.结果表明,当速凝剂掺量为4.0％～6.0％时,试样凝结时间、1d抗压强度及28 d抗压强度比均满足JC477-2005《喷射混凝土用速凝剂》标准的要求;同时,速凝剂掺量为4.0％～4.5％时,试样后期(28 d)强度基本不损失;速凝剂的掺入加快了水泥早期水化,消耗了大部分水泥水化生成的氢氧化钙,同时生成大量结晶程度良好的钙矾石晶体,促进早期强度的发展.     

粉煤灰对硅酸盐水泥-铝酸盐水泥-石膏三元体系性能的影响

硅酸盐水泥-铝酸盐水泥-石膏三元体系具备明显的快硬、快凝、补偿收缩的性能,在该体系中掺入粉煤灰可以部分取代水泥降低成本,改善三元体系的工作性能,满足不同修复工程的需要.研究了不同掺量粉煤灰对三元体系的水化历程的影响,测试了浆体流动度、凝结时间以及硬化砂浆的强度和体积变形性能,并用X-射线衍射分析(XRD)对微观结构进行分析.结果表明:粉煤灰可以提高三元体系的流动性,并且延长其经时损失,当掺量大于20%时,三元体系的凝结时间明显延长.随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,硬化砂浆的强度降低,早期体积膨胀率减小但后期不收缩.综合考虑,粉煤灰的掺量控制在20%~30%,可以满足实际工程的需要.     

基于内养护原理的功能集料制备及在混凝土中的应用

以陶砂为内养护介质吸附激发剂溶液制备功能集料,并与SAP内养护材料吸附激发剂溶液进行对比,固定内养护引入水量,水灰比及激发剂掺量,研究内养护技术对大掺量粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度,干燥收缩,水化热及微观结构的影响。水化热测试及微观形貌测试表明,内养护与激发剂相结合可同时促进水泥及粉煤灰的水化。抗压强度测试及干燥收缩测试表明,混凝土的60 d抗压强度提高16.5%,60 d干燥收缩降低21%,较好地改善了大掺量粉煤灰混凝土早期强度低,养护依赖性大的问题。     

掺混合材和硫酸钠水泥石可溶出SO42-的实验

目的 分析在掺加Na2SO4后,粉煤灰、矿粉、水泥以及不同粉煤灰、矿粉掺量的水泥石中可溶出SO42-的量,进而研究SO42-对混凝土的潜在破坏性.方法 利用溶出法对不同水化龄期样品进行处理,再利用BaSO4重量法对样品中可溶出SO42-的量进行化学分析,以此来研究SO42-量随水化龄期的变化.结果 水化28 d时,Na2SO4掺量低于2%的水泥石中已测不出SO42-,而Na2SO4掺量高于2%的水泥石中仍有可溶出SO42-;在水泥、粉煤灰和矿粉中,固化SO42-速率最快的是矿粉,固化SO42-量最大的是水泥;Na2SO4掺量2%,水化7d之前,水泥中粉煤灰掺量越高可溶出SO42-量越大,矿粉掺量越高可溶出SO42-量越小.结论 普通水泥混凝土中Na2SO4掺量不应高于2%;固化SO42-的速率由快到慢为矿粉、水泥和粉煤灰;固化SO42-的量由高到低为水泥、矿粉和粉煤灰;水泥中复合粉煤灰后固化SO42-的速率变慢;水泥中复合矿粉后固化SO42-的速率变快.     

炉底灰-粉煤灰胶凝体系的力学性能及微观分析

为实现炉底灰的大规模资源化利用,研究了原料掺量对炉底灰-粉煤灰胶凝体系力学性能的影响,采用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜和能谱分析对胶凝体系水化产物的矿物组成、化学结构和微观形貌进行分析,结果表明:水泥掺量一定时,随着炉底灰掺量的提高,试样28 d抗压强度不断增大,而各龄期抗折强度及3,7 d抗压强度呈先增大后减小的趋势,粉煤灰对于提高胶凝体系早期强度具有不可或缺的作用,但掺量不宜过多;炉底灰可促进水泥中硅酸钙早期水化,生成更多氢氧化钙和钙矾石;水化后期,随着炉底灰掺量增大,C—S—H凝胶生成量增多并连接成密实的整体,针状文石晶体及纺锤形碳酸钙晶体桥接于水化试样微观裂隙两侧,阻碍裂隙的扩展,进一步提高胶凝试样的力学强度。     

氧化-醚化淀粉作水泥减水剂的制备及性能(二)

考察氧化-醚化淀粉对水泥水化凝结时间影响,通过XRD、TAMair等温微热量热仪进行水化性能表征。结果表明:与萘系高效减水剂相比在掺量0.6%时减水作用优于萘系,流动度经30 min反而增加22.4%,2 h内基本无损失,但有明显缓凝作用,水化放热峰出现在75 h,但不影响后期水化,7 d时抗压强度已达国家标准,28 d时抗压强度比可达127%,可作为水泥的一种优良缓凝型高效减水剂使用。     

混合材对高C3S含量水泥水化性能的影响

通过测定不同龄期和掺量的煤矸石-水泥、超细粉煤灰-水泥复合体系力学性能、结合水量及混合材反应程度，并结合XRD研究了低水胶比下超细粉煤灰、活化煤矸石对高C3S含量水泥水化性能的影响。试验结果表明，粉煤灰的化学效应对高C3S含量水泥早期水化的影响与煤矸石相差不大，但是其物理特性对高C3S含量水泥早期强度的影响要高于煤矸石；而活化后的煤矸石对高C3S水泥后期水化的影响优于超细粉煤灰，其抗压强度、结合水量和混合材反应程度均高于粉煤灰-水泥复合体系；活化煤矸石单独与高C3S水泥复合使用时，其掺量可比Ⅱ级粉煤灰提高20％。     

Early age properties of cementitious materials by electrical resistivity measurement

Three cement pastes were prepared with the fixed water-binder ratio and different fly ash contents. The compression test and electrical resistivity measurement of the paste mixes were conducted during 48 h. The changes of the CH content and the non-evaporable water content in the cement-fly ash hydration systems with time were obtained by the thermal gravimetric analysis. The experimental results show that dilution effect of fly ash as micro-filler is dominant mechanism before 48 h, which appears to decrease in the CH content and the non-evaporable water content, also in compressive strength and electrical resistivity, with the increase of fly ash replacement. The relationships between CH content, non-evaporable water content and electrical resistivity show that electrical resistivity can be the indicators of hydration products CH and non-evaporable water. The correlation of the compressive strength f _c and the electrical resistivity ρ can be obtained as f _c =8.3429 ρ = 6.7088 for the period of 48 h. The early age compressive strength can then be predicted by electrical resistivity measurement.     

Effect of Fly Ash and Silica Fume on Hydration Rate of Cement Pastes and Strength of Mortars

The effect of fly ash and silica fume on hydration rate and strength of cement in the early stage was studied. Contrast test was applied to the complex cementitious system to investigate the hydration rate. Combined with mechanical strength, the influence of fly ash and silica fume during the hydration process of complex binder was researched. The peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution and the mechanical strength decreased as the ratio of fly ash increased, however, as the ratio of silica fume increased, the peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution and the mechanical strength increased obviously. When the ratios of fly ash and silica fume are 10% and 5%, the peak of the rate of hydration heat evolution is the highest. At the same time 7 days of flexural and compressive strength are the highest as 8.89 MPa and 46.52 MPa, respectively. Fly ash and silica fume are the main factors affecting the hydration rate and the mechanical property.     

Influence of ultra-fine fly ash on hydration shrinkage of cement paste

1INTRODUCTION Hydrationshrinkageisalsoknownaschemicalshrinkage[1].Thesolidvolumeincreasesafterce menthydrating,buttheabsolutevolumeofcementwatersystemreduces.Usuallythetotalamountofvolumeshrinkageofcementwatersystemis7%9%[1,2].Withthedevelopmentofthetechno logyofcementandconcrete,concretewithhighstrengthandhighperformanceisthedevelopingtendencynow.However,nowadays,comparedwithordinaryconcrete,thehydrationshrinkageofhighperformancecementconcreteincreasesobvi ouslybecauseoftheaccelerationof…     

超细粉煤灰与原灰在水泥砂浆中的水化特征对比研究

主要对比研究了粉煤灰原灰颗粒和超细粉磨后的粉煤灰颗粒在水泥砂浆中的水化过程,利用SEM对水化行为进行了微观观察,并结合砂浆试块3 d7、d、28d抗折、抗压强度.结果表明:粉煤灰的细度对试块的强度影响最大,尤其是后期对抗压强度,在相同掺量下,强度相差达2倍左右;粒径在5μm左右的粉煤灰颗粒在养护初期就已经开始水化,且水化速率较快,在28 d时水化程度已经很充分,粉煤灰原灰颗粒即使养护到28 d龄期时,水化程度仍然很低;掺入细灰的试体各个龄期的结构均比原灰的要致密,且钙矾石的生长更快.     

纳米SiO2超高强高流态混凝土及改性机理

通过正交试验提出纳米超高强高流态混凝土的胶凝材料配合比设计参数,并研究了纳米SiO₂的掺入对传统掺硅灰、粉煤灰超高强水泥基胶凝材料强度及工作性能的影响。在保证水胶比不变的条件下,开展了混凝土配合比试验,并研究了纳米SiO₂对混凝土抗压强度的影响及其微观机理。结果表明：超高强高流态混凝土中胶凝材料最优比例为：纳米SiO₂：硅灰：粉煤灰：水泥=1：8：20：71;在胶凝材料用量为600~1 000 kg/m³范围内,随着其掺量的增加,混凝土流动度不断增加,抗压强度先增大后减小,当其掺量为800 kg/m³时,抗压强度最大。分析认为,纳米SiO₂、硅灰与粉煤灰形成的三元多尺度堆积体系能优化粉体材料在混凝土中的微集料密实填充效应,纳米SiO₂的二次水化反应也有效改善了硬化水泥石的微观结构,并优化其形态分布,进一步增大其强度。     

Early age compressive strength of pastes by electrical resistivity method and maturity method

The compressive strength development of Portland cement pastes was investigated by the electrical resistivity method and the maturity method. The experiments were carried out on the cement pastes with different water-cement ratios at different curing temperatures. The results show that the application of the maturity method has limitation to obtain the strength. It is found that both of the compressive strength and the electrical resistivity follow hyperbolic trend for all the mixes. The hyperbolic equation of each mix is obtained to estimate the ultimate resistivity value which can probably be reached. The relationship between electrical resistivity and compressive strength of the cement pastes is established based on the test results and interpreted by the empirical Archie equation and a strength-porosity equation. The relationship between the electrical resistivity after temperature correction and the compressive strength was linear and independent of curing temperature and water-cement ratio.     

Effects of fly ash/diatomite admixture with variable particle sizes on the mechanical properties and porosity of concrete

Fly ash and diatomite were mixed uniformly and ground within various time scale and fly ash/diatomite admixtures with variable particle sizes were obtained. Effects of particle size distributions of the admixtures on the mechanical properties and porosity of concrete were studied. The relationship between the size distribution of the admixture and the concrete porosity was obtained based on the regression analysis of the data. The results show that compressive and flexural strengths of the concrete at 3 d and 7 d increase with the decrease of the admixture particle size. With regards to the concrete at 14 d, lowering the particle size of fly ash/diatomite admixture leads to the increasing of the compressive and flexural strength of the concrete, before decreasing afterwards again. At the d50 value of 15.2 μm, the mechanical properties of concrete were greatly improved. In addition, finer particle of the fly ash/diatomite admixture leads to significant micro-aggregate effect and volcanic ash effect and thus obtains denser pore structure, smaller porosity and higher hydration degree of the cementitious material. Especially for the samples curing at the early stage, the improving effect on the pore structure was obvious.     

Properties of High Volume Fly Ash Concrete Compensated by Metakaolin or Silica Fume

The compressive strength and dynamic modulus of high volume fly ash concrete with incorporation of either metakaolin or silica fume were investigated. The water to cementitious materials ratio was kept at 0.4 for all mixtures. The use of high volume fly ash in concrete greatly reduces the strength and dynamic modulus during the first 28 days. The decreased properties during the short term of high volume fly ash concrete is effectively compensated by the incorporation of metakaolin or silica fume. The DTA results confirmed that metakaolin or silica fume increase the amount of the hydration products. An empirical relationship between dynamic modulus and compressive strength of concrete has been obtained. This relation provides a nondestructive evaluation for estimating the strength of concrete by use of the dynamic modulus.     

混合材对MSWI制CSA水泥性能的影响

以城市垃圾焚烧飞灰（MSWI）为主要原料,在实验室成功烧制了硫铝酸钙（CSA）水泥熟料.研究了单掺或复掺不同种类、不同掺量的混合材后,CSA水泥的力学性能和水化性能.结果表明：石灰石粉（LI）/矿渣粉（SL）在CSA水泥中较为适用,而粉煤灰（FA）/MSWI的活性较差;单掺4种混合材均对CSA水泥早期强度产生不利影响;单掺LI/SL对后期强度发展有益;复掺混合材较单掺效果好,尤其是试样10％LI＋10％SL、10％LI＋10％MSWI和5％LI＋15 ％SL.