激光成形熔覆工艺及制备刀具材料

分析了激光成形熔覆涂层的发生机理，介绍了熔覆系统的组成、工艺参数和作用效果，探讨其在刀具制备中的应用。     

激光成形熔覆工艺及制备刀具材料

分析了激光成形熔覆涂层的发生机理,介绍了熔覆系统的组成、工艺参数和作用效果,探讨其在刀具制备中的应用。     

选区激光熔化成形铝合金材料体系研究进展

铝合金是工业生产中运用最为广泛的金属材料,高比强度、良好的耐蚀性使其适用于生产各种复杂结构件。选区激光熔化技术不仅具有定制化成形能力,高加工精度与短生产周期也可大幅推进铝合金构件的成形与应用。本文介绍了近年来选区激光熔化铝合金的研究进展,简述了选区激光熔化技术所生产铝合金的工艺缺陷及形成机理,聚焦于不同合金的组织演变和力学性能,着重分析不同合金体系下元素对微观形貌的影响及强化效应。针对选区激光熔化铝合金的应用现状与存在壁垒,指出实现普及的关键在于通过成分设计实现成形性能与力学性能的平衡。     

激光熔覆技术的研究进展

综述了激光熔覆技术的原理、工艺特点和熔覆材料的选择,分析了激光熔覆技术的应用范围,对其未来的发展方向作了展望.     

梯度复合材料激光熔化沉积成形的研究进展

高性能梯度复合材料是为克服现有单一均质材料无法满足某些特殊性能要求或为充分发挥不同材料的性能潜力而发展的一类新型复合材料,其显著特征是材料的组分、结构及物性参数根据需要呈连续或梯度变化。激光熔化沉积成形技术采用逐点连续添加材料成形,赋予了该技术在材料组成、凝固组织、外形尺寸等控制上的极大柔性,是未来发展集材料设计、制备、成形及组织性能控制于一体的材料智能制备与成形技术的重要方向。着重介绍采用激光熔化沉积成形技术制备镍系、钛系梯度复合材料方面取得的最新研究进展,通过分析存在的问题和面临的挑战,指出了未来工作的主要方向。     

激光熔覆自润滑复合涂层研究进展及发展趋势

结合激光熔覆自润滑涂层实例,从材料设计、制备工艺、性能优化等方面综述了激光熔覆自润滑涂层的研究现状、存在的问题及发展方向。总结了常用固体润滑材料的摩擦学性能特点,并就如何选择自润滑材料、包覆技术和宽温域润滑的研究进展进行了简要阐述。讨论了激光熔覆制备自润滑复合涂层中软质润滑相和硬质耐磨相之间的关系,以及熔覆材料成分对涂层摩擦学性能的影响。简要分析了裂纹成因及控制涂层质量的常用手段,重点探讨了激光工艺参数对涂层中润滑相体积分数和分布状态的影响,并总结了激光熔覆自润滑涂层在工程中的应用,以期为激光熔覆技术的发展提供参考。目前激光熔覆自润滑涂层的应用已初具规模,但在润滑剂的失效与防护、新材料的研究与应用、制备工艺的优化以及针对特殊环境下的摩擦磨损实验研究等方面仍存在较大发展空间。     

激光成形制备生物医用钛合金材料研究进展

激光成形制造技术是在快速原型技术的基础上结合激光加工技术发展起来的一项高新制造技术.它能够通过不同的加工方式调整结构及功能零件的性能,满足复杂致密或者多孔钛合金生物医用材料的成形需求,实现医用钛合金零件的个性化设计和制备,因此在医用钛合金人工肢体和植入体领域方面具有巨大的应用潜力.目前在制备生物医用钛合金材料领域研究较多的激光成形制造技术主要有激光立体成形和选择性激光烧结/熔化.本文综述了这两种激光成形制造在生物医用钛及钛合金制备方面的应用情况和研究现状,并指出了该领域未来的发展趋势.     

钛合金表面激光熔化沉积钛基复合材料涂层的组织及性能

通过激光熔化沉积TA15+30%TiC(体积分数)混合粉末,在TA15钛合金表面制备出钛基复合材料涂层,分析了涂层的组织、硬度及界面结合强度。结果表明,激光熔化沉积过程中原始TiC颗粒发生溶解,并在凝固过程中重新析出细小的TiC,TiC有等轴状及枝晶两种形态,涂层中存在部分未熔的TiC颗粒;涂层硬度达HRC 60;涂层与基体界面为完全冶金结合,涂层的界面结合强度大于310 MPa,抗剪切强度为330 MPa;经弯曲及热震试验后,涂层未出现剥落现象,表明涂层与基体具有很好的相容性     

超高速激光熔覆制备耐腐蚀涂层研究进展

首先总结了涂层材料元素组成对耐腐蚀性能的影响;其次,从钝化膜、显微组织、位错、低角度晶界、热腐蚀动力学等几个方面总结了其与耐腐蚀性的联系;第三,综述了EHLA与场外辅助技术结合对所制备涂层耐腐蚀性的影响;最后,总结和展望了超高速激光熔覆所制备涂层耐腐蚀性能的强化方法。     

钛合金表面激光熔覆涂层及工艺研究进展

钛合金具有密度低、比强度高等多种优点,但存在摩擦因数高、耐磨性能差、高温易氧化等缺点。激光熔覆技术可根据需求提升钛合金的表面性能,满足不同服役环境下对钛合金零部件的使用要求。为此,重点介绍了钛合金表面激光熔覆材料,包括自熔性合金粉末、陶瓷粉末、金属基陶瓷复合粉末等,讨论了激光熔覆工艺对涂层性能的影响,最后指出了钛合金表面激光熔覆涂层的发展方向：(1)发展新型熔覆层材料体系;(2)优化激光熔覆工艺参数;(3)研发功能梯度涂层。     

3D printing of multiple metallic materials via modified selective laser melting

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a powder bed layer-by-layer fusion technique mainly applied for additive manufacturing of 3D metallic components of complex geometry. However, the technology is currently limited to printing a single material across each layer. In many applications such as the manufacture of certain aero engine components, conformably cooled dies, medical implants and functional gradient structures, printing of multiple materials are desirable. This paper reports an investigation into the 3D printing of multiple metallic materials including 316L stainless steel, In718 nickel alloy and Cu10Sn copper alloy within a single build-up process using a specially designed multiple material SLM system combining powder-bed with point by point powder dispensing and selective material removal, for the first time. Material delivery system design, multiple material interactions, and component characteristics are described and the associated mechanisms are discussed.     

Observation of keyhole-mode laser melting in laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing

Laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing of metals employs high-power focused laser beams. Typically, the depth of the molten pool is controlled by conduction of heat in the underlying solid material. But, under certain conditions, the mechanism of melting can change from conduction to so-called “keyhole-mode” laser melting. In this mode, the depth of the molten pool is controlled by evaporation of the metal. Keyhole-mode laser melting results in melt pool depths that can be much deeper than observed in conduction mode. In addition, the collapse of the vapor cavity that is formed by the evaporation of the metal can result in a trail of voids in the wake of the laser beam. In this paper, the experimental observation of keyhole-mode laser melting in a laser powder-bed fusion additive manufacturing setting for 316L stainless steel is presented. The conditions required to transition from conduction controlled melting to keyhole-mode melting are identified.     

激光熔积高温合金件形状特征的基础研究

进行了激光熔化沉积成形GH163高温合金粉末条状试样实验,研究了激光脉宽、激光重复频率、扫描速度、送粉速率四个工艺参数对条状试样熔宽和熔高的影响.试验发现,脉宽和频率对最终试样的熔宽和熔高都没有太大影响.送粉速率对熔宽没有显著影响,但对熔高的影响很大,随着送粉速率的提高,成形试样的熔高显著增大;随扫描速度的增大,熔宽和熔高均呈减小的趋势.     

Gas flow effects on selective laser melting (SLM) manufacturing performance

This study has been designed to investigate the effect of inert gas flow within the selective laser melting (SLM) process and the effects induced by this gas flow on the reproducibility of the key attributes (porosity and compression strength) created in the construction of porous titanium components. The work quantifies the characteristics of the manufactured parts and relates results of these characteristics to a predicted gas flow in the build chamber. The results were used to produce design iterations of the gas management system to improve the gas flow distribution in the chamber of a MTT ReaLizer SLM250 machine. Further experiments were then carried out to generate statistical data sets to correlate the flow field quantifying the affect of the redesign on the key measured attributes. Results showed that both the value and the standard deviation of the measured attributes were significantly affected by the improved gas flow, with porosity reducing by 1.7% and the standard deviation of compression strength improving from 12 MPa to 5 MPa. The design modifications have been incorporated into a new machine design to enable the production of porous components of closer control and greater reproducibility.     

激光熔化沉积CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金组织和低温力学性能

采用激光熔化沉积和铸造技术分别制备了CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、金相腐蚀、扫描电镜(SEM)和力学拉伸实验等分析手段对不同方法制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金相组成、微观组织及力学性能进行了对比研究。结果表明:通过激光熔化沉积和铸造技术制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金均为面心立方(FCC)单相固溶体结构;采用激光熔化沉积技术制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金具有更为均匀的元素分布;随着温度从293 K降低到77 K,激光熔化沉积技术制备的CrMnFeCoNi高熵合金的拉伸强度与塑性分别从518 MPa、55%提升到878 MPa、95%,表现出优异的低温力学性能。     

激光加工参数与熔覆层特征和性能的关系

在HT150基体上进行宽带送粉激光熔覆,研究不同扫描速度和送粉速率条件下熔覆层的显微组织与性能,并对产生熔覆层组织不均匀性的原因进行了探讨.实验结果表明:随着扫描速度和送粉速率的增大,熔覆层组织趋于细化,耐磨性有所提高,在送粉速率较小时,扫描速度作用较显著;其他参数不变的前提下,随扫描速度增大,熔覆层显微硬度增大,界面硬度梯度变陡.     

The foundations of a new approach to additive manufacturing: Characteristics of free space metal deposition

In this paper, we report on the realisation of a free space deposition process (FSD). For the first time the use of a moving support structure to deposit tracks of metal starting from a substrate and extending into free space is characterised. The ability to write metal shapes in free space has wide ranging applications in additive manufacturing and rapid prototyping where the tracks can be layered to build overhanging features without the use of fixed support structures (such as is used in selective laser melting (SLM) and stereo lithography (SLA)). We demonstrate and perform a preliminary characterisation of the process in which a soldering iron was used to deposit lead free solder tracks. The factors affecting the stability of tracks and the effect of operating parameters, temperature, velocity, initial track starting diameter and starting volume were measured. A series of 10 tracks at each setting were compared with a control group of tracks; the track width, taper and variation between tracks were compared. Notable results in free space track deposition were that the initial track diameter and volume affected the repeatability and quality of tracks. The standard deviation of mean track width of tracks from the constrained initial diameter group were half that of the unconstrained group. The amount of material fed to the soldering iron before commencing deposition affected the taper of tracks. At an initial volume of 7 mm³ and an initial track diameter of 0.8 mm, none of the ten tracks deposited broke or showed taper > ∼1°. The maximum deposition velocity for free space track deposition using lead-free solder was limited to 1.5 mm s⁻¹.     

激光熔覆在金属间化合物涂层材料制备中的应用

在分析金属间化合物涂层材料特点的基础上,综述各种激光熔覆合成金属间化合物涂层的研究现状,分析了各种金属间化合物涂层的组织和性能.研究表明,激光熔覆合成的金属间化合物涂层均具有优异的耐磨、耐腐蚀、抗氧化等性能.     

Surface grinding of space materials using specially formulated vitrified grinding wheels

The quantum leap that is expected in the reliability and safety of machined engineering components over the next 20 years, especially in the space industries, will require improvements in the quality of cutting tools if science-based manufacturing is the goal for manufacturing by 2020. Significant improvements have been made in the past 10 years by understanding the properties of vitrified bonding systems used to bond conventional and superabrasive materials in grinding tools. The nature of the bonding system is of paramount importance if next-generation cutting tools are to be used for aerospace materials, especially if they are dressed using laser beams. This paper was presented at the fourth International Surface Engineering Congress and Exposition held August 1–3, 2005 in St. Paul, MN.     

激光熔化沉积TC18钛合金的低周疲劳行为

研究激光熔化沉积TC18钛合金的室温低周疲劳行为。通过双重退火热处理制度获得的TC18钛合金显微组织由细小的片层状初生α相和转变β基体组成,且晶界α相不均匀。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜分析了低周疲劳试样疲劳断口以及纵截面。结果表明,在低周疲劳断口可以观察到多个裂纹源。主裂纹源区与次裂纹源区具有不同的断裂形貌。当裂纹沿着晶界α相扩展时,连续的晶界α相导致平直的裂纹扩展模式,而不连续的晶界α相导致曲折的裂纹扩展路径。