化学气相沉积碳／碳复合材料摩擦学行为研究

研究了化学气相沉积碳／碳（Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。全尺寸Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料刹车盘在不同的比压、能载、环境条件下试验结果表明：Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的摩擦系数随着比压、能载的增大以及环境湿度的提高而减小。Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料具有良好的自润滑性能，磨损率仅为９．５×１０－４ｍｍ／面·次。其磨损是由机械磨损和氧化磨损共同作用的结果，氧化磨损为根本原因。     

ZrO2—Al2O3—SiC系复相陶瓷材料的冲蚀磨损

本文对ＺｒＯ２增韧１０％ＳｉＣ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３基复合材料和ＳｉＣ颗粒弥散强化５％Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２基复合材料的冲蚀磨损的研究，实验表明：相变增韧有助于断裂韧性的改善，从而缓和了材料的高角冲蚀率；高弹模量的ＳｉＣ二相粒子引入后基体材料的硬度增加，提高了材料的抗低角磨损能力。显微结构（ＳＥＭ）分析表明，不同的冲蚀角度条件下材料表面的损伤行为和磨损微观机制也不相同，通过ＰＵＤ计算，定量表征材料的抗切向磨损     

用晶须型碳化钛陶瓷制造的刀具

日本广岛大学工程系的一个研究组已研制成一种可以高速切削镍基合金的晶须型碳化钛陶瓷（AIO3／T汇）刀具。这种黑色的碳化钛晶须陶瓷在高速切削时耐磨性高于S记陶瓷。曾用SIC晶须增强陶瓷O山／SIC）刀具和TIC晶须增强陶瓷（汕O／T汇）刀具对铬镍铁合金试件进行切削磨损试验。当试件以100～200m／min的速度车削时，两种刀具的缺口磨损最大，故应比较高的速度切削。试验发现，S记陶瓷在高速切削时，S江与铁合金反应，导致刀具表面分层剥离。当切削速度更高时，由于SIC扩散到铁合金，使S记陶瓷刀具磨损更为严重。但TIC陶瓷刀具在高…     

医用炭/炭复合材料人工髋关节的磨损机理研究(英文)

髋关节模拟试验机在多方性复合运动方式、恒定载荷和血清润滑条件模拟了炭/炭复合材料人工髋关节在临床应用中的摩擦学行为.采用扫描电镜、能谱和激光粒度分析仪分析了其磨损表面状态和磨损颗粒特性.结果表明,医用炭/炭复合材料人工髋关节在不同碳纤维方向呈现不同的磨损特性,其磨损颗粒具有四种形貌并且尺寸分布在亚微米至数十微米之间,其磨损机理主要是微切削作用和磨粒磨损.     

基于径向基函数网络的刀具磨损识别

提出了一种基于灰色关联度优化网络神经元数目和径向基函数网络用于刀具磨损量预测的方法.以选取合理的涵盖影响刀具磨损的有关因素,采用不同切削条件下铣削加工过程刀具后刀面磨损的多组实验数据对网络模型进行训练以及对刀具磨损量进行估计和预测,预测结果与实际基本吻合.结果表明,该方法克服了用一个多元线性公式描述由切削条件和切削带来的后刀面磨损量的变化的刀具磨损高度非线性模型方法的缺陷,对于与刀具磨损量相关因素的非线性本质较易准确表达,所建立的刀具磨损网络模型可以较满意地计算出不同切削条件下刀具后刀面的磨损量.     

不同冷却润滑方式对切削SiCP/Al复合材料刀具磨损的影响

为探究不同冷却润滑方式对切削SiC_P/Al复合材料刀具磨损的影响,进行了干切削（Dry）、微量润滑（MQL）、液氮（LN₂）、切削油（Oil）和乳化液（Emulsion）共五种冷却润滑条件下的车削实验,分析了冷却润滑方式对刀具边界磨损、刀具破损和后刀面磨损的影响。结果表明:MQL和LN₂有更佳的流体冲刷效果,可以将脱落的SiC颗粒及时带离切削区,减少边界磨损; Oil和Emulsion冲刷效果较差,会加剧边界磨损。LN₂的使用会增加刀具受到的热应力和机械冲击,积屑瘤发生完全脱落,造成切削过程不平稳,当切削距离达到1 100 m时,刀具发生破损; Oil切削时,严重的边界磨损导致刀尖部位尺寸减小,强度降低,当切削距离达到825 m时发生了刀具破损。MQL良好的润滑渗透性和LN₂有效的冷却效果可以减少后刀面磨损。因此,MQL兼具冷却、润滑和流体冲刷效果,更加适合作为切削SiC_P/Al复合材料的冷却润滑方式。      

ZrO_2－Al_2O_3－SiC系复相陶瓷材料的冲蚀磨损

本文对ＺｒＯ２增韧１０％ＳｉＣ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３基复合材料和ＳｉＣ颗粒弥散强化５％Ａｌ２Ｏ３／ＺｒＯ２基复合材料的冲蚀磨损的研究，实验表明：相交增初有助于断裂韧性的改善，从而缓和了材料的高角冲蚀率；高弹模量的ＳｉＣ二相粒子引入后基体材料的硬度增加，提高了材料的抗低角磨损能力．显微结构（ＳＥＭ）分析表明，不同的冲蚀角度条件下材料表面的损伤行为和磨损微观机制也不相同，通过ＰＵＤ计算，定量表征材料的抗切向磨损能力．     

基于信息融合的刀具磨损状态智能识别

采集声发射和振动加速度信号,搭建了数控车床刀具磨损状态多信息数据采集系统;用正交试验法采集相关数据并分析了不同切削条件、不同刀具磨损程度下数控车削加工过程中的声发射和振动信号;用小波包分解法提取了声发射和振动信号的最佳特征频段作为识别刀具磨损的特征参量,采用BP神经网络将数控切削过程中刀具磨损的声发射与振动信号特征信息进行融合,研究了数控车削刀具磨损状态的智能识别技术。     

基于信息融合的刀具磨损状态智能识别EI北大核心CSCD

采集声发射和振动加速度信号,搭建了数控车床刀具磨损状态多信息数据采集系统;用正交试验法采集相关数据并分析了不同切削条件、不同刀具磨损程度下数控车削加工过程中的声发射和振动信号;用小波包分解法提取了声发射和振动信号的最佳特征频段作为识别刀具磨损的特征参量,采用BP神经网络将数控切削过程中刀具磨损的声发射与振动信号特征信息进行融合,研究了数控车削刀具磨损状态的智能识别技术。     

芳纶纤维复合材料高速钻削刀具磨损机理研究

目的 研究高转速条件下芳纶纤维复合材料（AFRP）钻削过程中刀具的摩擦学行为。方法 采用TiAlN涂层超细微碳化钨晶粒麻花钻对芳纶纤维复合材料进行高速钻削试验。首先,研究整个寿命阶段刀具后刀面磨损规律。其次,观察分析刀具磨损处的微观形貌,深入研究刀具的失效形式与磨损机理。结果 刀具磨损可分为3个阶段,分别为初期磨合阶段、稳定磨损阶段、急剧磨损阶段,各阶段磨损速率各不相同,稳定磨损阶段最小,急剧磨损阶段最大。涂层刀具的失效形式为涂层与基体材料剥落以及后刀面磨损,磨粒磨损为主要的磨损形式,同时伴随着不同程度的粘结磨损和氧化磨损,使后刀面形成诸多凹坑和划痕。结论 丰富了复合材料高速钻削中的刀具磨损机理,并为钻削刀具的选用及性能优化提供理论与试验依据。     

Comparison of tool life and surface characteristics of uncoated,coated carbide and ceramic tools during machining of SiC reinforced ZA43 alloy MMC

Abstract

In the present investigation, machinability issues of zinc–aluminium (ZA43) alloy reinforced with silicon carbide particles (SiC) were evaluated. The fabrication of composite was done through liquid metallurgy technique. Metal matrix composite (MMC) was subjected to turning using conventional lathe with three grades of cutting tools, namely, uncoated carbide tool, coated carbide tool and ceramic tool. Surface roughness and tool wear were measured during the machining process. Results reveal that roughness increases with increase in the reinforcement concentration and particle size. Feed has direct influence on roughness, i.e. surface deteriorates with higher feeds. Depth of cut has very minimum effect on the surface roughness, while inverse effect of cutting speed on the roughness was observed (i.e. increase in the cutting speed leads to better finish on the specimen). Tool wear was studied during the investigation, and it was noticed that MMC with higher reinforcement concentration and particle size cause severe wear on the flank of the cutting tool. Increase in the cutting speed, feed and depth of cut also increases the flank wear on the tool. Out of all the three grades of tools, coated carbide tool outperformed uncoated carbide and ceramic tools.     

陶瓷刀具切削304不锈钢时的磨损性能

采用Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷刀具切削Ｔｉ基陶瓷，ＹＴ１５硬质合金和高速钢四种刀具对３０４奥氏体不锈钢进行了切削试验，比较各种刀具的耐磨性能，并且用ＳＥＭ，ＥＤＸ等对刀具的磨损表面进行分析。     

Effects of Filler Concentration and Cutting Parameters on Material Properties and Machinability of SiC-Filled Epoxy Tooling Board

An experimental study was conducted to examine the material properties and machinability of a silicon carbide (SiC)-filled epoxy conductive tooling system (RP4037 CAST-IT^TM). Specifically, the effects of SiC filler concentration and machining process parameters (cutting speed and feed) on the physical and material properties, resultant cutting force, surface integrity, and tool wear were studied. Machinability evaluation was carried out using the end milling process. The study showed that an increase in filler concentration significantly increased the density, thermal conductivity, resultant machining forces, surface roughness of the machined surface, and tool wear. However, it had insignificant impact on the glass transition temperature, strength, or hardness. A decrease in material strength was observed with increasing cutting speed and feed. Increasing filler concentration was also found to degrade the machined surface morphology. Possible explanations for the observed effects are discussed.     

铝基碳化硅精密铣削刀具磨损实验研究

针对铝基碳化硅切削加工中刀具易磨损、寿命低、切削难度大和加工成本高等问题,选用不同材料的硬质合金铣刀及金刚石铣刀进行切削加工实验,并利用扫描电镜和工具显微镜对高体积分数铝基碳化硅铣削时刀具磨损形态进行了分析研究.研究表明:硬质合金刀具前刀面和刃口磨损主要形式为粘结磨损和微崩刃,后刀面磨损主要为刻划磨损,而金刚石铣刀加工时刀具磨损很小;YG6X铣刀材料微观组织致密,抗磨损能力较强,宜粗加工时选用;金刚石刀体的硬度远大于SiC颗粒,且金刚石与工件的摩擦系数小,金刚石铣刀寿命远大于硬质合金铣刀,宜精加工时选用.     

Comparative Wear Behavior of Ceramic and Carbide Tools During High Speed Machining of Steel

Two types of oxide-based ceramic cutting tools have been developed for high speed machining of hardened steel. These tools were made of alumina (A1₂O₃) and zirconia toughened alumina (ZTA). Commercially available tungsten carbide (WC)-based tools were also used during machining for comparison. In general, ceramic tools exhibited superior performance as compared to the WC tools, especially at higher machining speeds, both in terms of tool life and surface finish of the work-piece. The worn-out tools were observed under a stereo-microscope for studying the role of different wear mechanisms on the tool life. While severe crater wear was observed in the WC tools, only a small amount of edge chipping and nose wear occurred in the ceramic tools during high speed machining. The correlation between the mechanical properties of the tool material, the tool lives and their wear behavior was also studied.     

Optimization of process parameters for ultrasonic drilling of advanced engineering ceramics using the Taguchi approach

The effect of process parameters on the cutting ratio (ratio of material removal rate to tool wear rate) for ultrasonic drilling of alumina-based ceramics using silicon carbide abrasive was studied. The parameters considered were workpiece material, tool material, grit size of the abrasive, power rating, and slurry concentration. Taguchi’s optimization approach was used to obtain the optimal parameters. The significant parameters were identified and their effects on cutting ratio were studied. The results obtained were validated by conducting confirmation experiments.     

Cutting Edge Wear of Tungsten Carbide Tool in Continuous and Interrupted Cutting of a Polymer Composite

An experimental study was conducted to evaluate the performance of C6 tungsten carbide, C2 tungsten carbide, and Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) inserts in cutting Graphite/Epoxy (Gr/Ep) composites. Continuous and interrupted cutting tests under dry conditions were made to cut woven fabric and tape Gr/Ep composites. It was found that continuous cutting mode and high cutting speeds significantly reduce tool life of carbides. Machining of tape Gr/Ep reduces the tool life more than the machining of fabric work pieces. Also, C2 grade carbide inserts had a longer tool life than C6 carbide inserts despite the type of work piece or machining condition used. It was observed that a PCD insert's life was about 100 times of C2 carbide inserts during continuous cutting and at high speeds.     

Experimental study on the meso-scale milling of tungsten carbide WC-17.5Co with PCD end mills

Tungsten carbide is a material that is very difficult to cut, mainly owing to its extreme wear resistance. Its high value of yield strength, accompanied by extreme brittleness, renders its machinability extremely poor, with most tools failing. Even when cutting with tool materials of the highest quality, its mode of cutting is mainly brittle and marred by material cracking. The ductile mode of cutting is possible only at micro levels of depth of cut and feed rate. This study aims to investigate the possibility of milling the carbide material at a meso-scale using polycrystalline diamond (PCD) end mills. A series of end milling experiments were performed to study the effects of cutting speed, feed per tooth, and axial depth of cut on performance measures such as cutting forces, surface roughness, and tool wear. To characterize the wear of PCD tools, a new approach to measuring the level of damage sustained by the faces of the cutter's teeth is presented. Analyses of the experimental data show that the effects of all the cutting parameters on the three performance measures are significant. The major damage mode of the PCD end mills is found to be the intermittent micro-chipping. The progress of tool damage saw a long, stable, and steady period sandwiched between two short, abrupt, and intermittent periods. Cutting forces and surface roughness are found to rise with increments in the three cutting parameters, although the latter shows signs of reduction during the initial increase in cutting speed only. The results of this study find that an acceptable surface quality (average roughness R_a<0.2 μm) and tool life (cutting length L>600 mm) can be obtained under the conditions of the given cutting parameters. It indicates that milling with PCD tools at a meso-scale is a suitable machining method for tungsten carbides.The full text can be downloaded at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40436-020-00298-y     

Effects of Lubricant Condition and Tool Wear in Hard Turning of Novel-Abrasion-Resistance (N-AR) Cast Iron

Advanced materials, such as high abrasion resistant cast iron, have great applications for abrasive and erosive environments. Since the amount and the hardness of the microstructural carbides constituents in this material is extremely high, the abrasion-resistance cast iron is generally difficult to be machined with traditional cemented carbide tool. The hard and abrasive particles in this material can remarkably shorten the cutting tool life through abrasion of tool face and deterioration of cutting edge. In this article, Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) cutting tool has been used to machine a novel-abrasion-resistance (N-AR) cast iron. The performances of CBN tool under different lubrication conditions were evaluated in view of tool wear, cutting force, and surface roughness (Rz). Further more, the wear rate of CBN tool under different machining condition and the mechanism of the CBN tool in machining of this type of work materials has also been investigated.     

Electrical Discharge Machining of Functionally Graded 15-35 Vol% SiCp/Al Composites

A functionally Graded 15-35 volume% silicon carbide particulate (SiC_p) reinforced Al359 metal matrix composite (SiC_p/Al MMC) was drilled by electrical discharge machining (EDM) to assess the machinability and workpiece quality. The machining conditions were identified for both the machining performance and workpiece quality of the EDM process, including some aspects of material removal mechanisms, material removal rate (MRR), electrode tool wear, and subsequent drilled hole quality including surface texture and roundness by using surface profilometry, coordinate measuring machine (CMM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the material removal rate increases with increasing peak current and pulse-on-time up to the optimal points and drops drastically thereafter. Higher peak current and/or pulse-on-time result in both the greater tool wear and the larger average diameter error. As the percentage of the SiC particles increases, MRR was increased and electrode wear was found to be decreased. At the EDM machined subsurface layer, the fragmented and melted SiC particles were observed under the SEM and EDX-ray examination.