蔗渣湿法堆垛备料废水的治理研究

现在不少工厂甘蔗渣采用湿法堆垛，但湿法堆垛产生了大量高浓度有机废水，这对备料厂的废水处理增加了不小的难度。本文对甘蔗渣喷淋高浓度有机废水进行了厌氧处理和厌氧—好氧处理的实验研究。结果表明：当废水进水pH在7．5，CODcr及BOD5分别在6500—10000mg/L和4000一6500mg/L时，经过厌氧处理后，coD。和BOD5去除率能达到90％和94％；经过厌氧—好氧处理后，CODcr和BOD5去除率能达到95％以上，都取得了显著的效果。     

生物厌氧-好氧处理在印染废水治理中的应用

根据印染厂废水治理改造工程的要求，在分析原有设施存在的问题后，确定了对碱减量、退浆废水局部厌氧预处理工艺；论证并实施了生物厌氧-好氧处理为主的工艺路线；优选了工艺参数，采取多项措施提高好氧生化处理的运行水平。实际运行表明，改造后排放水的CODcr，平均值小于75mg／L，CODcr去除率小于93％，达标率为100％。     

IC＋CASS工艺在酒精废水处理中的应用

介绍了IC+CASS工艺处理酒精废水的工程实例.固液分离后的酒精废液用IC+CASS工艺处理.进水COD为12000~30000 mg/L,经IC反应器处理后厌氧出水COD在2000mg/L,COD去除率在90%以上.厌氧出水再进入CASS反应池经过进一步的好氧处理,COD降到300 mg/L以下达标排放.系统COD去除率在97%以上.     

构建优势菌群提高好氧污泥对制浆废水的处理效果

利用构建的优势降解菌群强化好氧颗粒污泥,提高制浆造纸废水的降解效果,在厌氧处理的基础上,原始好氧污泥处理后,废水COD由629 mg/L降至203mg/L,废水色度由118 C.U.降至91 C.U.;而强化好氧污泥处理后,废水COD由629mg/L降至146mg/L,废水色度由118 C.U降至72 C.U.。并研究了好氧处理阶段的微生物过程反应动力学以及制浆废水COD降解动力学,建立了该处理阶段废水COD降解的动力学模型。     

MBBR反应器在木薯酒精废水中的应用

木薯酒精废水属于一种高浓度、高含固的有机废水,现阶段主要利用厌氧-好氧组合工艺。广西中粮集团针对木薯制酒精的废水好氧工段进行工艺改造,验证MBBR反应器在实际工程应用中的处理效果。结果表明在进水COD的质量浓度为800-1500mg/L,氨氮的质量浓度为50-80mg/L,总氮浓度50-85mg/L的条件下,MBBR工艺出水COD、氨氮、总氮分别在228.2-283.4mg/L、0.17-2.5mg/L、8.42-19.03mg/L,指标均优于中粮集团的活性污泥法,不仅提高溶解氧的利用率,而且提高曝气池中的生物浓度和对环境的抗性,能有效降低能耗,提高处理效率。同时表明改进了曝气系统和填料载体的MBBR反应器,载体的挂膜性能增强,处理效果和抗负荷能力更佳;针对工业废水的特性投加相对应的特有高效菌剂,效果显著,在工程应用中有广泛的实际应用价值。     

檀皮蒸煮黑液厌氧后的好氧(SBR)处理

研究了高浓度废水 (檀皮蒸煮黑液 )厌氧处理后的好氧 (SBR)工艺处理 ,对进水浓度、pH值、曝气时间、SVI和污泥负荷等的处理效果进行了考察。结果表明 :进水CODCr为 1 6 2 0 7mg/L ,pH值为 7 0 ,曝气时间为 2 0h ,SVT为 85mL/g ,有机负荷为 0 2 5kgCODCr/kgMLSS·d时 ,去除效果好 ,CODCr去除率可达 90 %以上 ,但对色度去除效果不理想。再进行混凝处理 ,色度的去除效果好 ,处理最终出水可达标排放。     

羊毛染色废水处理

在厌氧池和生化池中设置侧流式S型跑道,在厌氧池中增设厌氧搅拌器,通过厌氧搅拌器的运行使水体与污泥激烈碰撞,达到快速分离有机质的目的。在调节池和生化池中设高浓度生化曝气器,使生化池较好的氧化分解厌氧反应后的有机物质。砂滤池采用下进上出的工艺,向下排除悬浮污泥。羊毛染色废水采用高浓度生化曝气器处理,和传统的曝气方法相比,该技术节能45%,使羊毛染整高浓度废水CODCr≤50 mg/L、色度≤20倍、悬浮固体SS≤20 mg/L和pH值6～8,达到了中水回用的要求,节约用水达到70%,经改造后的工艺及设备可节省单位成本约1.79元/t水,节能减排效果显著。     

印染废水处理的提标改造

分析了印染厂废水处理原有设施存在的问题,结合提标改造工程,确定了对碱减量、退浆废水进行局部酸析分离的预处理工艺。在保留原来生物厌氧(兼氧)-好氧处理为主的工艺路线基础上,增设了先水解后接触氧化的综合处理单元,优化了工艺参数。实际运行表明,原废水处理设施提标改造后排放水的COD_(Cr)平均值为52 mg/L,COD去除率为93%,达标率为100%。     

生物强化法处理杏仁脱苦废水的试验研究

杏仁脱苦废水是一种含氰化物的有机废水。利用从杏仁废水中分离出的两株菌,结合厌氧—好氧组合工艺,对杏仁废水中生物强化法的处理效果进行研究。实验数据表明,C菌株对有机物的去除效果明显：在进水COD（化学需氧量）为2000mg/L-4000mg/L,采用厌氧24h—好氧72h组合工艺,去除率达到90%以上,出水中COD为92.35mg/L,达到GB8978-1996一级标准。     

碱减量印染废水处理工程实例

采用厌氧水解/好氧生化/混凝沉淀法的组合工艺处理碱减量印染废水,工程运行结果表明:进水CODCr为2 263 mg/L,SS(悬浮物)为183 mg/L,色度为683倍时,处理后出水CODCr为166 mg/L,SS为7 mg/L,色度为76倍,可达到GB4287—2012《染织纺整工业水污染物排放标准》的现有企业间接排放标准要求。     

悬浮填料生物膜-MBR系统处理制浆中段废水的研究

采用悬浮填料生物膜-MBR系统处理制浆中段废水,并与好氧活性污泥系统进行了对比。驯化过程中,尤其是制浆中段废水所占比例较高时,悬浮填料生物膜-MBR的处理效果和污泥理化特性均明显优于好氧活性污泥系统。驯化结束时悬浮填料生物膜-MBR系统COD_(Cr)去除率高达90.6%,悬浮液固形物浓度(MLSS)达到3876 mg/L,污泥体积指数(SVI)为60.3 m L/g,而好氧活性污泥系统COD_(Cr)去除率为82.4%,MLSS为3135 mg/L,SVI为70.3 m L/g。对出水的紫外扫描结果表明,悬浮填料生物膜-MBR系统对200~300 nm波长处特征污染物的降解效果明显优于好氧活性污泥系统。     

A^2/O+MBBR集成工艺处理印染废水

简要介绍印染废水的水质特点及改良传统活性污泥法(A2/O)+移动床生物膜反应(MBBR)工艺集成技术;重点介绍A2/O+MBBR工艺处理印染污水的运行效果。结果显示,在进水量20~60 L/h,溶解氧(DO)质量浓度1.5~4.5 mg/L,污泥回流比50%~90%,硝化液回流比250%~350%,好氧池污泥质量浓度(MLSS)2.0~3.5 g/L,好氧池悬浮填料装填比25%(体积比)的操作条件下连续稳定运行200天后,出水COD去除效果、氨氮去除效果、总磷去除效果、总氮去除效果远远优于《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准。     

Fe3+存在下制浆中段废水好氧活性污泥的驯化

研究了Fe³⁺存在下处理制浆中段废水的好氧活性污泥的驯化过程。首先通过Fe³⁺对微生物生长曲线的影响确定Fe³⁺最佳用量为30 mg/L;然后在Fe³⁺用量为30 mg/L下,采用制浆中段废水对好氧活性污泥进行驯化,并设置不加Fe³⁺的空白组对照。结果表明,整个驯化过程中,加Fe³⁺组COD_Cr去除率和污染物去除率(以UV-254减少率表示)均高于空白组;驯化结束后,加Fe³⁺组和空白组COD_Cr去除率分别达78.2%和76.0%,污染物去除率分别为50.0%和37.7%。通过对脱氢酶活性的分析表明,加Fe³⁺组活性高于空白组。     

中温EGSB厌氧处理玉米酒精废水的工艺研究

采用中温厌氧颗粒污泥膨胀床(EGSB)工艺处理玉米酒精废水,并用产生的沼气烘干DDG饲料。处理后的废水生物降解率达到96%以上,COD小于1000mg/L,BOD小于600mg/L,达到国家污水三级排放标准。年处理废水33万t,烘干DDG饲料23000t,节煤6000t,多创利润285.30万元。     

SBR法对缫丝废水的后续处理试验研究

通过研究影响序批式活性污泥法(SBR法)对缫丝废水的后续处理效果的各种因素,得出最佳工况运行条件。结果表明,在SBR法中,曝气时间为8 h,沉淀时间为40 min,溶解氧值为2～3 mg/L时,系统处理效果最好,COD、氨氮和TP的去除率分别达到90.5%±0.5%、95.1%±0.6%和78.2%±3.1%,出水的COD和氨氮都能达标排放。将SBR反应器作为缫丝废水后续好氧处理工艺,具有较高的处理效率和较好的运行稳定性。     

厌氧接触-膜生物反应器处理白酒黄水的研究

对发酵培养菌丝体后的黄水利用厌氧接触-膜生物反应器工艺进行了试验研究.结果表明,进水CODCr浓度为10.03g/L～14.36g/L时,厌氧接触池对废水CODCr的去除率为53.5%～69.6%;厌氧反应停留时间14h～16h较为合适.溶氧控制在2.0mg/L～3.5mg/L,MBR对CODCr去除率在91.4%以上,出水CODCr210.65mg/L～277.89mg/L,NH3-N去除率37.3%～54.2%;MBR对CODCrNH3-N的去除率随污泥浓度的增大先增加后减少,合适的MLSS值应控制在8g/L～10g/L.     

啤酒废水厌氧处理系统的改造

对EGSB系统进行问题分析，并实施改进措施。运行结果表明，可有效提高厌氧系统的处理能力和运行稳定性，出水COD下降至180-320mg／L，去除率稳定在90％以上；采用25g／L左右的厌氧颗粒污泥接种反应器，可在短时间内完成EGSB反应器的再次启动；控制反应器内pH值稳定在6．8～7．2之间，可增加EGSB反应器的运行能力，提高稳定性。     

Biodegradation of p-nitrophenol by aerobic granules in a sequencing batch reactor

In this study, aerobic granules to treat wastewater containing p-nitrophenol (PNP) were successfully developed in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) using activated sludge as inoculum. A key step was the conditioning of the activated sludge seed to enrich for biomass with improved settleability and higher PNP degradation activity by implementing progressive decreases in settling time and stepwise increases in PNP concentration. The aerobic granules were cultivated at a PNP loading rate of 0.6 kg/ m3 x day, with glucose to boost the growth of PNP-degrading biomass. The granules had a clearly defined shape and appearance, settled significantly faster than activated sludge, and were capable of nearly complete PNP removal. The granules had specific PNP degradation rates that increased with PNP concentration from 0 to 40.1 mg of PNP/L, peaked at 19.3 mg of PNP/(g of VSS) x h (VSS = volatile suspended solids), and declined with further increases in PNP concentration as substrate inhibition effects became significant. Batch incubation experiments show that the PNP-degrading granules could also degrade other phenolic compounds, such as hydroquinone, p-nitrocatechol, phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and 2,6-dichlorophenol. The PNP-degrading granules contained diverse microbial morphotypes, and PNP-degrading bacteria accounted for 49% of the total culturable heterotrophic bacteria. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments showed a gradual temporal shift in microbial community succession as the granules developed from the activated sludge seed. Specific oxygen utilization rates at 100 mg/L PNP were found to increase with the evolution of smaller granules to large granules, suggesting that the granulation process can enhance metabolic efficiency toward biodegradation of PNP. The results in this study demonstrate that it is possible to use aerobic granules for PNP biodegradation and broadens the benefits of using the SBR to target treatment of toxic and recalcitrant organic compounds.     

A new process for efficiently producing methane from waste activated sludge: alkaline pretreatment of sludge followed by treatment of fermentation liquid in an EGSB reactor

In the literature the production of methane from waste activated sludge (WAS) was usually conducted in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) after sludge was pretreated. It was reported in our previous publication that compared with other pretreatment methods the methane production in CSTR could be significantly enhanced when sludge was pretreated by NaOH at pH 10 for 8 days. In order to further improve methane production, this study reported a new process for efficiently producing methane from sludge, that is, sludge was fermented at pH 10 for 8 days, which was adjusted by Ca(OH)(2), and then the fermentation liquid was treated in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) for methane generation. First, for comparing the methane production observed in this study with that reported in the literature, the conventional operational model was applied to produce methane from the pH 10 pretreated sludge, that is, directly using the pH 10 pretreated sludge to produce methane in a CSTR. It was observed that the maximal methane production was only 0.61 m(3)CH(4)/m(3)-reactor/day. Then, the use of fermentation liquid of pH 10 pretreated sludge to produce methane in the reactors of up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB), anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) and EGSB was compared. The maximal methane production in UASB, ASBR, and EGSB reached 1.41, 3.01, and 12.43 m(3)CH(4)/m(3)-reactor/day, respectively. Finally, the mechanisms for EGSB exhibiting remarkably higher methane production were investigated by enzyme, adenosine-triphosphate (ATP), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analyses. It was found that the granular sludge in EGSB had the highest conversion efficiency of acetic acid to methane, and the greatest activity of hydrolysis and acidification enzymes and general physiology with much more Methanosarcinaceae.