折反射式连续变倍扩束系统的设计

为了用同一台仪器获得不同口径的激光准直光束,设计了一个连续变倍激光扩束系统,系统扩束比可在55～155之间连续变化,可以得到比传统扩束系统更大的激光光斑,满足对大口径激光束应用的要求.该系统由两级扩束子系统构成,一级折射式无焦变倍扩束系统实现激光光束口径连续变化,变焦系统选用仅有4片透镜的三组元结构,并采用"正-负-正"的形式,有利于减小系统整体结构尺寸.考虑到可能产生的热形变,对入射光斑较小的变倍移动组的材料进行了分析选择.二级折反射系统实现激光束的高倍率扩束,由球面反射镜取代离轴抛物面镜,用一片弯月透镜补偿像差.由于单透镜折射元件对系统性能影响很大,对其结构形式和材料进行了分析,确定了透镜的厚度与材料.应用光学设计软件CODEV给出了系统的优化设计,设计结果显示该系统像差得到了很好地校正,成像质量达到衍射极限.最后用Light tools软件进行三维建模分析,系统准直度与理论设计值相符.     

激光合束专利技术现状及进展

随着激光技术的日益发展,激光器已经成为现代人类生活的重要组成部分,尤其高功率激光器,其在环境监测、激光雷达、医学诊断、空间通信等领域有着重要的应用前景。激光合束技术可以有效提高激光输出功率,随着合束技术发展,其专利申请量逐年增长,该文主要从相干合束与非相干合束技术等角度概述了近年来激光合束的技术发展在专利申请方面的情况。     

程控一体化集成激光器的设计

以激光制导武器半实物仿真系统为背景,对激光目标模拟器进行了分析研究,设计了一套实时性好、精度高的激光目标模拟器.对该激光器的组成及设计方案进行了论述,并重点对其中的实时能量衰减系统和可控扩束系统进行了研究和设计.仿真试验结果表明,该激光器能实时模拟激光光斑能量及大小的变化,满足了激光制导武器半实物仿真的需求.     

射线束分析仪的单轴位移精确度校准研究

射线束分析仪在大型放疗设备的校准中有重要作用,其自身定位精确度在0.1 mm.通过搭建基于激光跟踪仪的位移测试系统,对射线束分析仪水平轴的定位精度进行测量校准.将测得的位移数据进行最小二乘拟合,使得拟合曲线上的各点位移与真实位移值之差的平方和最小,此时拟合曲线上各点位移值最接近真实位移.将拟合曲线上各点位移值与标准位移值做差,即可求得各点误差值.实验结果表明,在未使用小支架的情况下位移测量系统的基本误差为0.163 6%,利用小支架使激光跟踪仪光束不穿过水箱壁时,位移测量系统的基本误差为0.061 6%.实验系统可使射线束分析仪的单轴位移精确度达到0.01 mm精度级.     

襟副翼长孔系同轴度光学测量系统研究

针对襟副翼长孔系零件存在的空间跨度大、被测孔径小、孔深短、相邻孔间距大、测量空间受限、无测量基准等问题,设计了一套以光谱共焦传感器为核心的非接触式同轴度光学测量系统。根据激光准直数学模型,通过使用位置灵敏探测器(PSD)和多自由度运动平台,实现了零件在空间任意状态下的基准轴线建立。系统引入90°径向光谱共焦型探头,实现小孔零件内部轮廓参数的获取,并设计相关截面圆拟合算法和同轴度智能优化算法,以解决该类零件的同轴度测量问题。试验结果表明,针对轴向尺寸总长度≥3 000 mm、孔径≤10 mm、孔间距≥1 000 mm的待测零件,系统具备较高的同轴度检测精度,测量误差不超过0.1 mm。     

基准转换标准器在多系统集成中的应用

使用经纬仪、激光跟踪仪进行协同测量时需要对不同测量系统的测量基准进行基准转换,传统基准转换手段较为繁琐耗时.针对此问题,设计了一种新型便携式基准转换标准器,该标准器由基准转换组件、转向组件和三脚架组成,通过基准板上的测量靶点及立方镜构建坐标系,实现基准转换.经验证:该标准器在不同姿态下的平均位置偏差小于0.01 mm,...     

在线式光电自动计数方法及应用

利用激光器和光电管设计了激光光电传感器,当有工件通过时光被遮挡住,光电管输出一个脉冲,对此脉冲信号进行计数即为工件数。基于这种光电检测方法研制了一台在线式光电自动计数仪,并对激光光源进行缩束准直,解决了小工件计数的难点。实验表明,该仪器计数准确、检测速度快,实用性强。     

多线结构光测量车体廓形的全局标定

本文针对超大尺寸物体的非接触式廓形测量,实现便携式大型龙门架上多个激光2D传感器基于基准坐标系的全局标定,该标定装置基于空间坐标变换原理,通过对多个激光2D传感器的共面调整及标定装置的结构参数校准实现多个大量程激光2D传感器的全局坐标系标定。该标定方法降低了标定装置成本,标定简单快捷,适合现场应用,标定精度误差不超过0. 5mm。     

扩束光纤与宽波导光栅的光耦合特性

为了研究光纤与宽波导光栅的有效耦合,基于高斯光束与波导光栅的光耦合理论,以30μm宽波导光栅为研究对象,利用矩阵光学和高斯光束理论分析和设计了一种扩束光纤,并通过分析其耦合损耗,建立了扩束光纤与波导光栅耦合模型.优化所设计扩束光纤的结构参数后,得到束腰半径为10.8μm的输出光束.最后分析了扩束光纤的结构容差,并讨论了所设计扩束光纤的输出光束、单模光纤的输出光束以及束腰半径为16 μm的自由空间高斯光束各自在光栅表面的位置变化对光栅耦合效率的影响.可知扩束光纤输出的光束与单模光纤输出的光束相比具有较大的位置容差,与束腰半径为16 μm的自由空间高斯光束相比,光耦合效率基本相同.     

重叠体光栅相干组束的耦合波分析

目前基于重叠体光栅的相干组束系统还没有完整的理论模型和参数分析,针对这个问题,本文采用耦合波理论,建立了比较完整的基于重叠体光栅的双光束组束模型,给出了各光束在重叠体光栅内传播的解析解.模型表明,基于重叠体光栅的双光束组束系统其输出光强受两入射光的振幅和位相、体光栅间的相移和折射率调制振幅、光栅厚度,失谐量等多个光学参数的影响.通过数值计算,详细分析了各光学参数对组束结果的影响.最后总结了设计高效重叠体光栅相干组束系统时必须遵循的条件,如必须对光栅厚度进行优化、各光栅的折射率调制振幅必须相同,保证失谐量足够小等.     

Incoherent beam combining using fast steering mirrors

Incoherent beam combining (ICBC) is a promising technique that can increase the total power of the lasers without decreasing the beam quality. Fast steering mirror (FSM) can be used in ICBC system to overlap the laser beams as well as suppress the jitter of the platform and the tip-tilt component of the turbulence. In this paper, a method using FSMs for incoherent beam combining is proposed and the relationship between the emergent light and the control voltages is derived, then the stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm is adopted to calculate the optimal control voltages applied to the FSMs. A series of simulations combining two laser beams are carried on under static and dynamic turbulence. In order to verify the feasibility of this scheme, the dynamic turbulence is simulated under the hypothesis of Taylor’s frozen turbulence. The results of simulations show that the turbulence would severely degrade the result of combining and the correction process would resist the influence and assure the evaluation function can reach the ideal situation at last. The model of the scheme used in this paper can be easily utilized for arbitrary amount of the lasers.     

光纤激光相干合成研究进展

近年来,以激光大气传输为应用背景的光束相干合成技术被广泛研究,而关于该项技术在空间光通信中的应用研究却不多。事实上,基于光束相干合成的多孔径接收天线结构可有效缓解大气湍流影响,提高空间激光通信系统的性能。本论文简要介绍了中国科学院自适应光学重点实验室面向激光大气传输应用的激光组束传输与湍流校正技术研究近况;重点介绍关于多孔径接收空间光通信系统中的光纤相干合成研究进展,主要包括基于3 dB光纤耦合器的相干合成和基于光纤偏振合束器的相干偏振合成两种方法,在空间光通信系统中具有极大的潜在应用。

     

中国科学院光电技术研究所固体板条激光器光束净化研究进展

高功率固体板条激光器的光束质量严重受限于增益介质热效应等多种因素。如何同时获得高平均功率和高光束质量是激光发展过程中面临的一个基本物理问题。自适应光学技术能够有效补偿固体板条激光系统输出光束的静态和动态像差,是改善光束质量的有效手段。近年来中国科学院光电技术研究所掌握了低阶像差补偿器、加权优化波前复原方法、通用波前处理机等关键技术,为国内多个固体板条激光系统研制了二十余套自适应光学光束净化系统,显著改善了光束质量,保障了上述激光系统的有效运用。

     

标准硅球直径测量中的光路对准

针对标准单晶硅球直径精密测量的需要,本文在介绍标准硅球直径测量系统原理并分析其光路特点的基础上,根据建立的数学模型,对激光束斜入射标准板时产生的椭圆干涉图像进行了分析,并对不同入射角度时干涉环中心点带来的直径测量误差进行了研究.分析结果显示,在给定的实验条件下,当入射角为10~(-3) rad时,误差已达6.6nm.提出了一种精确调整光束垂直入射平板的方法,实验结果表明,此方法能够使光束入射角的调整优于10~(-5)rad,满足系统测量的要求.     

Optimization of the arrangement of fiber laser array in beam coherent combining

Based on the expanding of the fundamental mode of a step-index fiber in terms of Laguerre–Gaussian modes, the accurate expression for the beam propagation of a fiber laser in free space is obtained. Thereby, the coherent combining beam of three fiber laser arrays including circular arrangement, square arrangement, and diamond arrangement are numerically analyzed. The study shows that all the beams gradually concentrate centrally on the propagation axis and the highest far-field peak intensity can be obtained by using the circular arrangement. Meanwhile, the far-field intensity of the circular arrangement by using the Laguerre–Gaussian approximation is also compared with that by using the pure Gaussian approximation, which indicates that the pure Gaussian approximation will induce much error in the far-field intensity. Finally, the influence of the radius of a circular fiber laser array on the far-field intensity is studied, of which the result shows that the far-field intensity decreases with increasing radius. Therefore, the fiber laser elements are suggested to be placed as close as possible.     

环形光斑激光塑料焊接工艺研究

目的 为了提高塑料焊接焊缝的剪切强度,满足实际生产要求.方法 采用环形光斑进行激光焊接试验,通过对激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量工艺参数进行三因素三水平正交试验,得到最佳工艺参数.结果 在最佳工艺参数条件下,即激光功率为50 W,焊接速度为150 mm/s,离焦量为5 mm时,PA66塑料焊缝最大剪切强度为21.6 MPa...     

激光测速仪定焦系统设计

为满足激光测速仪在米级距离的测速需要,设计了一种激光测速仪定焦系统.通过光束分析仪测量距离激光出射口不同位置处的光斑半径,利用函数拟合的方法得到激光束腰斑半径与腰斑位置.采用望远镜系统作为定焦系统的基本结构,通过MATLAB软件穷举定焦系统的各项参数,记录满足条件的参数.根据操作过程中的实际条件选择其中一种数据搭建定焦...     

Numerical simulation of a laser resonator with an in-phase doughnut-like output beam

A numerical model of the toric concave mirror laser resonator is founded by using the eigenvector method. Numerical calculation shows that an in-phase doughnut-like beam mode with high beam quality can be obtained in this resonator, whose diffraction loss is the lowest, and whose intensity distribution covers the whole resonator mirror. Systematical simulations indicate that, different from the spherical stable resonator, the effects of Fresnel number of the resonator and curvature radius of the toric concave total reflector on output beam quality is not very obvious. Under the condition of curvature radius of 15 m, the M ² factor of the output beam of this resonator with a large range of Fresnel number from 6.2 to 12.6 is from 1.3 to 1.9. Furthermore, the diffraction loss is close to 1.0% or less than 1.0%. Under the condition of Fresnel number of 7.07, the M ² factor of the output beam of this resonator with curvature radius from 6 to 30 m is from 1.60 to 1.24, and the diffraction loss is close to 1.0% or less than 1.0%.     

Generation and propagation dynamics of Airy beam with the tunable tail

We introduce a new kind of Airy beam called Airy beam with the tunable tail, which can be generated from the elliptical flat-topped Gaussian beam. The analytical formula of Airy beam with the tunable tail is derived. Airy beam with the single tail can be obtained by adjusting the ration of the beam width of elliptical flat-topped Gaussian beam. The tail length of Airy beam can be controlled by the order N of incident beam. The normalized intensity distributions of Airy beam with the tunable tail propagating in free space are studied, and the propagation dynamics of Airy beam with the single tail are investigated. Compared with the Airy beam generated from the fundamental Gaussian beam or the flat-topped Gaussian beam, some interesting and useful information has been found.     

SOA-based multi-wavelength source

A simple fiber laser configuration based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is proposed for obtaining multi-wavelength oscillation at room temperature, in which a Sagnac loop mirror is used as the wavelength selective component. The SOA has a flat gain of approximately 23dB within a bandwidth of 12 nm at a small input signal power. The loop mirror was constructed using a 3dB coupler and polarization maintaining fiber (PMF). The output spectrum of the proposed laser can be adjusted by controlling the bias current of the SOA and is quite stable at room temperature. At a bias current of 150 mA, six lines are obtained with at least ?40 dBm output power and 25dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The channel spacing and number of lines is determined by the length of polarization maintaining fiber (PMF) used in the loop mirror. The channel spacing of the proposed laser is 1.49 nm with a PMF 3 m. The multi-wavelength comb output can also be tuned by adjusting the operating temperature of the SOA. The multi-wavelength laser has the advantage of a simple configuration, stability at room temperature, a broad wavelength band, and no need for optical pump lasers.