压缩机消声器消声特性的数值模拟及结构优化

通常平面波理论无法准确地预测复杂结构消声器内部的声场分布，为了提高复杂结构压缩机消声器的消声特性，对其进行了数值模拟。在基本假设的前提下，施加合理的进出口及壁面边界条件，利用ANSYS软件建立消声器内部声场的三维有限元模型，SYSNOISE软件计算消声器内部声场的声压分布以及传递损失：然后，研究了不同的结构参数（隔板位置、内插管位置、进口管位置）对消声器的传递损失的影响，根据分析结果和压缩机的噪声特点，优化了消声器的结构参数，有效地提高了消声器的消声性能，为复杂结构消声器的设计提供了参考依据。     

涡轮盘风冷过程数值模拟研究

采用商用CFD分析软件Fluent对涡轮盘固溶处理后的风冷过程进行了数值模拟研究,定量分析了盘件内温度、冷速等参数的分布情况.模拟结果显示,单风扇风冷过程中盘件沿径向和周向的温度分布较三风扇冷却方式均匀.两种形式风冷过程的风场结果表明,单风扇冷却时盘件表面的冷却速度较高.     

基于位错密度的晶体塑性有限元方法的数值模拟及参数标定

运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对基于位错密度的晶体塑性有限元方法(CPFEM)及其晶体塑性参数进行了深入的研究。结果表明,CPFEM晶体塑性本构可以准确地体现材料的力学性能。通过讨论不同晶体塑性参数,得到各个参数可以分别控制材料的屈服强度、硬化过程、剪切应变速率、极限强度等性能。此外,为了标定材料的晶体塑性参数引入多晶的代表体积单元(RVE)模型,并讨论了晶粒数以及晶粒规整度对于RVE模型的影响。结果表明,RVE模型的晶粒数达到临界值750个时能够体现等轴晶的宏观各向同性。结合晶体塑性RVE模拟和拉伸试验结果,对Inconel 718合金的晶体塑性参数进行标定,晶体塑性有限元的模拟结果和实验结果的误差小于5%。证明经过标定的晶体塑性参数可以准确反映Inconel 718的力学性能,也使得进一步研究该合金介观晶粒尺度的力学性能成为可能。     

Influences of heat source model on welding residual stress and distortion in a multi-pass J-groove joint

Welding mechanical behaviors including residual stress and distortion are highly non-linear phenomena in nature. When numerical simulation methods such as thermal elastic plastic finite element method (FEM) are used to quantitatively predict welding residual stress and distortion, a long computational time is required especially for multi-pass joints. In real engineering structures, many weldments have large dimensions and complex shapes, and they are usually assembled by a multi-pass welding process. Therefore, it is necessary to develop time-effective computational approaches for practice engineering analysis. In this study, a method based on variable length heat sources was proposed for the analysis of thermo-mechanical behaviors for multi-pass joints. The welding residual stress field in a dissimilar metal J-groove joint with axis-symmetric geometrical shape, which was performed by a semi-circle balanced welding process, was investigated using the proposed method. The simulation results were compared with the measured data as well as the simulation results computed by a moving heat source. Meanwhile, the instantaneous line heat source was also employed to estimate the welding residual stresses in the same joint in an extreme case. The influences of heat source model (type) on welding residual stress and distortion were discussed.     

Time transient validation of residual stress prediction models for aluminium alloy quenching

Finite element models that predict residual stress states in relatively large quenched aluminium alloy products tend to give reliable results. However, even though there is confidence that the predicted stress state is correct, there is no validation indicating that the stress/displacement development during the quench is comparable to the experimental case. Combined with this, finite element predictions for small samples tend to underestimate surface stress. This paper uses a ‘Navy C-Ring’ benchmark design to monitor displacement during quenching. The heat transfer coefficient is found to be the most dominant boundary condition and is critical to ensuring displacement and residual stress predictions that match the experimental case.

This paper is part of a Themed Issue on Measurement, modelling and mitigation of residual stress.     

雾化气体淬火过程耦合流场数值模拟及实验研究

运用计算流体动力学(CFD)的方法在FLUENT平台上建立雾化气体淬火的三维非稳态模型,对介质不同速度工况下淬火过程中试件温度场、流体速度场、流体温度场和流体压力场进行了流固热耦合数值模拟,并将模拟结果与边界条件实验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明,同等工况下,介质进口速度越大,流体的速度也越大;同截面上200m/s速度工况下试件上下表面两区域的压力差值比100m/s速度工况下大;试件放在淬火区淬火80s后,200m/s速度工况下试件的最高温度为299.5℃,100m/s速度工况下试件的最高温度为336℃,由此得出淬火介质进口速度越大,淬火试件的温度下降越快,试件冷却速度越快,冷却效果越好。     

Numerical and experimental analysis of residual stresses for fatigue crack growth

In this paper computational and experimental results are presented concerning residual stress effects on fatigue crack growth in a Compact Tension Shear (CTS) specimen under cyclic mode I loading. For a crack of constant length it is found that hardly any compressive residual stresses or crack closure effects are generated along the crack surfaces behind the crack tip through the considered cyclic mode I loading with a load ratio of R=0.1. Only if fatigue crack growth is modelled during the simulation of the cyclic loading process these well-known effects are found. On the other hand it is shown that they have hardly any influence on the residual stresses ahead of the crack tip and thus on further fatigue crack growth. For all cases considered the computational finite element results agree well with the experimental findings obtained through X-ray diffraction techniques.     

淬火过程数值模拟技术的研究进展

淬火是使工件获得预期的组织和性能的一种重要热处理工艺。由于淬火试验存在高温作业、在线测量困难、成本高等问题,淬火过程的数值模拟成为目前淬火技术研究的重要手段。综述了淬火过程数值模拟技术的发展历程,分阶段地介绍了淬火过程中工件、冷却介质、工件和冷却介质耦合的数值模拟技术的研究现状,提出了今后一段时间内淬火过程数值模拟技术的发展方向。     

轧辊用高速钢组织与性能研究

研究了四种不同成分的轧辊用高速钢淬火和回火后的显微组织与性能。结果表明,轧辊用高速钢合适的淬火温度为1050℃～1100℃,回火温度为500℃～550℃,热处理后组织由回火马氏体、少量残余奥氏体以及各种碳化物组成,大量细小碳化物呈弥撒分布,铸态组织中网状碳化物基本消除。回火后高速钢硬度可达HRC62,冲击韧性在6J／cm^2以上,可以满足制作高速钢轧辊的要求。     

铝锂合金电子束焊接数值模拟分析及工艺优化

采用组合热源模型对Al-Li合金电子束焊接温度场分布进行数值模拟分析,通过热-力耦合,模拟计算得到接头区域的残余应力分布.结果表明,Al-Li合金电子束焊接温度场沿焊接方向呈椭圆形分布,电子束热源中心的温度最高,其附近区域的等温线分布密集,随着与热源中心的距离增大,等温线分布逐渐稀疏,焊缝区存在较大的温度梯度,较好地模拟出了电子束焊缝的钉形分布特征.接头的残余应力分布模拟结果显示,残余应力主要集中于焊缝区,由于修饰焊的热作用,焊缝上部具有相对较大的应力值.利用模拟计算得到的结果进行焊接工艺及参数优化,焊接工艺试验表明,试验焊缝形貌与模拟熔池形貌相吻合,进一步验证了模拟计算结果的可靠性.     

基于响应面法的平底筒形件充液成形工艺参数优化

目的在板材充液成形过程中,压边间隙与最大液室压力的数值选取具有较大的随机性,同时由于材料的不同、坯料形状的差异,需要进行大量的仿真模拟来寻求优化结果。对于尺寸大、形状复杂的零件,模拟时间较长,工作效率较低。基于响应面法,构造压边间隙、最大液室压力与最大减薄率之间的响应面模型。方法以法兰外缘起皱高度为约束条件,通过Design-Expert软件求解最优结果,将最优结果进行了有限元模拟。结果模拟结果、响应值与试验结果相吻合。结论响应面法能够较好地用于预测和优化板材充液成形过程关键工艺参数。     

Failure Analysis and Repair of a Catastrophically Damaged Gas Turbine Compressor Disk Using SEM Technique and CFD Analysis

During a major overhaul of an 85?MW gas turbine unit in Iran-Rey power plant, 39 cracks were detected with different lengths and locations on the compressor disk of stage 11. All of the cracks initiated from the dovetail regions. Preliminary visual inspections and further micro-fractography using the scanning electron microscope demonstrated that the fretting fatigue phenomenon was the main cause of failure. Four repair methods were suggested to restart the unit. The first one was to remove all of the cracks from the disk by machining, or the so-called blending. The second, third, and fourth ways were to remove the entire rotor blades of stage 11, to remove the entire rotor and stator blades of the stage 11 simultaneously, and to remove those rotor blades of stage 11 corresponding to the damaged dovetails, respectively. Although the first way of solution was initially carried out on the damaged disk, the first author offered that restarting the unit with the blended disk is not reliable enough because of the presence of a large number of repair points on the disk. Using the numerical investigations based on the computational fluid dynamics, it was found that only the second suggestion (i.e., removing the entire rotor blades of the stage 11) might be applicable. Ultimately, the entire stage 11 rotor blades were removed from the blended disk, and the gas turbine unit was successfully restarted without encountering abnormal operation. Although the performed process resulted in approximately 20% output power loss compared with the unit's power before the blades' removal, the unit was quickly restored to be ready to restart, and the electric power could be generated during the period of peak consumption.     

Numerical study for micropolar flow over a stretching sheet

The paper presents a numerical study of the steady flow of a micropolar fluid flow from a stretching sheet. Approximate analytical solution of high nonlinear momentum, angular momentum and confluent hypergeometric similarity solution of the heat transfer equation are obtained for a particular case when the vortex viscosity is neglected. Accuracy of the analytical solution is verified by numerical solutions obtained by employing finite element and Chebyshev finite difference methods. The good agreement between the numerical results of both methods, together with an excellent agreement with the analytical solutions for the special case, ensures the reliability of the obtained results. The velocity, microrotation and temperature functions are shown graphically and the effect of the permeability parameter is studied.     

Numerical Modeling of Friction Stir Welding Process by Using Rate-dependent Constitutive Model

Rate-dependent constitutive model was used to simulate the friction stir welding process. The effect of the viscosity coefficient and the process parameters on the material behaviors and the stress distributions around the pin were studied. Results indicate that the stress in front of the pin is larger than that behind the pin. The difference between the radial/circumferential stress in front of the pin and that behind it becomes smaller when the material gets closer to the top surface. This difference increases with increasing the viscosity coefficient and becomes smaller when the welding speed decreases. The variation of the angular velocity does not significantly affect the difference.     

厚板冲裁工艺的模拟仿真及其参数优化

目的研究冲裁间隙、凸模刃口圆角和斜刃角度等因素对厚板冲裁断面质量及冲裁力的影响规律,优化冲裁工艺参数组合。方法通过数值模拟和正交试验设计相结合的方法,以冲裁过程中相对光亮带长度和最大冲裁力作为评价指标,对板厚t=10 mm的60Si2Mn厚板进行冲裁过程的模拟仿真,最后进行工艺试验。结果选取了合理的工艺参数组合:冲裁间隙为10%t,圆角半径为0.1 mm,斜刃角度为6°,利用此工艺参数组合模拟得到了较好的断面质量及较小的冲裁力,工艺试验也验证了此工艺参数的合理性。结论通过模拟得到的工艺参数是合理的,对实际生产有重要的指导作用。     

3D Finite Element Numerical Simulation of Residual Stresses on Electron Beam Welded BT20 Plates

A three-dimensional finite-element model (FEM) used for calculating electron beam (EB) welding temperature and stresses fields of thin plates of BT20 titanium has been developed in which the nonlinear thermophysical and thermo-mechanical properties of the material has been considered. The welding temperature field, the distributions of residual stresses in as-welded (AW) and electron beam local post-weld heat treatment (EBLPWHT) conditions have been successfully simulated. The results show that: (1) In the weld center, the maximum magnitude of residual tensile stresses of BT20 thin plates of Ti alloy is equal to 60%- 70% of its yield strength σs. (2) The residual tensile stresses in weld center can be even decreased after EBLPWHT and the longitudinal tensile stresses are decreased about 50% compared to joints in AW conditions. (3) The numerical calculating results of residual stresses by using FEM are basically in agreement with the experimental results. Combined with numerical calculating results, the     

基于数值模拟的输气弯管抗冲蚀结构优化

从气井中开采出来的天然气不可避免地会携带固体杂质.这些固体杂质会对集气管线产生冲蚀损伤,弯管处尤甚.在现有弯管冲蚀规律基础上,为了更直观地找出冲蚀形貌,有针对性地提高弯管抗冲蚀性能,对常规输气弯管进行冲蚀规律的数值模拟研究,采用离散相(DPM)模拟离散颗粒的运动并选用Tulsa大学(E/CRC)提出的冲蚀磨损预测模型,通过试验对比验证了模型的可靠性.根据冲蚀磨损主要发生在弯管45°～55°处的特征,设计了3种优化弯管结构(渐扩弯管、突扩弯管、加导流片弯管)来减缓弯管处的冲蚀磨损.结果 表明:与等直径弯管相比,在相同运行工况下,渐扩弯管和加导流片弯管的最大冲蚀率分别减少了64％和34％,而使用突扩弯管反而会加剧弯管处的冲蚀.该结论可为弯管的抗冲蚀结构优化提供理论依据.     

基于数值模拟的 AZ61 镁合金挤压-剪切工艺

目的研究挤压-剪切变形的最优化工艺参数,分析各个工艺参数对AZ61镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。方法通过有限元模拟技术,分析了各个工艺参数,包括挤压温度、挤压速度、挤压比对AZ61镁合金成形结果的影响。结果通过对有限元模拟结果的分析和研究,得到AZ61镁合金成形的最佳工艺参数为:挤压温度为400℃;挤压速度为10 mm/s;挤压比越大,再结晶效果越明显,晶粒尺寸越细小。结论优化了挤压温度、挤压速度、挤压比等影响AZ61镁合金成形的因子,得到了符合实际生产的最佳工艺参数。     

大型压力机模座热处理过程模拟及工艺优化

实测并建立了55NiCrMoV7钢的热物性参数数据库和CCT曲线,基于ABAQUS软件建立了不同冷却介质淬火的热力耦合模型.模拟了大型压力机模座油冷和水冷两种淬火过程,获得了温度场和应力场的演化规律.结合模座上不同位置的冷却速度和CCT曲线预测了工作层的组织状态,并预测了模座上的应力分布.结果表明:采用完全油冷方式将在...     

AA5B02 铝合金三通管充液成形工艺研究及参数优化

目的基于有限元数值模拟软件Dynaform对三通管的成形工艺进行优化。方法分析不同的初始压力、成形压力、轴向进给力、背压平衡力和合模力等对三通管成形的影响。根据成形过程进行模拟,得到分布应力图、厚向应变图、成形极限图等结果,根据模拟结果对零件的成形性进行分析,预测减薄破裂、起皱和回弹等缺陷。结果初始压力在防止侧推头将管坯推皱的前提下,取值应越小越好。成形压力和最大压力能保证减薄率、增厚率和成形度的要求即可。轴向进给对最终的成形质量影响较大。随着摩擦因数的增大,零件的减薄率不断增加,但是增厚率是先减小后增大。结论根据数值模拟的结果能够很好地优化三通管的成形工艺方案。