表面改性空心玻璃微珠对隔热涂料性能的影响

针对固体火箭发动机壳体的外热防护需求,采用环氧改性有机硅为基体树脂,添加表面改性空心玻璃微珠及其他填料,制备可室温固化的轻质隔热涂料,研究空心玻璃微珠表面改性及其含量对环氧改性有机硅涂料性能的影响。采用力学性能分析、热物理常数测试、红外光谱、扫描电镜等方法对涂料的性能进行了表征。HGM-3空心玻璃微珠堆积密度低、且表面富含-NH2基团,3#涂料中微珠与基体树脂界面相容性好,涂料具备可室温固化、轻质（ρ～0.71g/cm3）、隔热性好（λ～0.11W/(m·K)）、粘接性好（拉剪强度～3.91MPa）等特点。随着微珠含量增加,涂层隔热性能显著提高,但会影响其断裂延伸率,应根据实际使用环境对涂层性能要求选择相应的微珠含量。通过对隔热涂料进行系列配方优化,获得了综合性能较优异的隔热涂料,其具备可室温固化、轻质、隔热性好、与基底附着力强、力学性能优异、耐高温、易于施工等特点。     

耐高温隔热保温涂料的研究

采用有机硅树脂、空心玻璃微珠和无机纤维为主要原料制备隔热保温涂料。讨论了空心玻璃微珠的用量与种类、涂料生产工艺,以及涂料中加入无机纤维后对涂料隔热性能的影响。使用扫描电子显微镜观察保温涂料的微观形态。实验结果表明,空心玻璃微珠的适宜用量为33-36g;从保温效果及生产工艺综合考虑,型号为7032的空心玻璃微珠最佳;搅拌速度300r／min、反应时间20min时制得的涂料导热系数最小;加入硅酸铝纤维的涂料冲击强度最好。     

高性能空心玻璃微珠对涂料隔热性能影响的研究

采用纯丙乳液为基料,高性能空心玻璃微珠为功能性填料成功制备了隔热保温涂料,并与分别含重晶石粉、硅微粉、云母粉及硅藻土等功能性填料的涂料的隔热性能进行了对比研究,最后考察了空心玻璃微珠类型及用量对涂料隔热性能的影响。结果表明:空心玻璃微珠的隔热性能优于重晶石粉、硅微粉、云母粉、硅藻土及漂珠;空心玻璃微珠的密度越小,其平均粒径越大,用其配制的涂料隔热性能越好;并且当空心玻璃微珠的用量为涂料总量的15%左右时,涂料的隔热性能最佳。     

包覆空心玻璃微珠复合型隔热外墙涂料的研制

以BS43N乳液及有机硅氧烷改性丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液为基料,以钛白粉为颜料,以红外粉、包覆空心玻璃微珠等为填料,在助剂的配合下,制备了隔热外墙涂料。对空心玻璃微珠包覆前后外貌进行了电镜分析,并对乳液配方进行优化试验,确定了最佳配方。结果表明:选取m(BS43N)∶m(有机硅氧烷改性丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液)=(4∶6)～(5∶5)的比例制备的涂料效果较好,涂料耐沾污性、透气性、隔热性都有明显提高。     

水性隔热保温建筑涂料的研究

采用非离子型/阴离子型/两性型复合乳化剂制备了有机硅改性的丙烯酸酯乳液。考察了聚合温度、乳化剂配比、乳化剂用量及有机硅用量对乳液稳定性能的影响。以自制的改性硅丙乳液为成膜物质,在水性涂料配方的基础上加入中空玻璃微珠,制得隔热保温性能优良的水性隔热涂料,并考察了玻璃微珠用量对涂膜隔热保温性能的影响。     

水性隔热涂料的制备与研究

采用化学沉积法使TiO2以纳米粒子的形式包覆于空心玻璃微珠表面,成功制备了TiO2纳米晶/空心玻璃微珠复合填料,并以改性微珠及空心玻璃微珠作为填料制备隔热涂料,对其光反射性能、隔热效果、隔热效果的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明,TiO2在空心玻璃微珠表面包覆效果良好,且经过热处理后空心玻璃微珠破损率很低。以改性微珠作为填料制备的涂料,涂膜对太阳光主要能量波段的光反射性能得到显著提高,其隔热效果较普通外墙涂料和空心玻璃微珠涂料相比有了明显的提高,且改性微珠添加量的多少对隔热温差的影响要大于厚度和白度对隔热温差的影响。     

纳米复合型外墙隔热涂料的研制

以丙烯酸树脂为成膜物质,加入空心玻璃微珠和纳米氧化锆作为功能填料,辅以其他助剂,制备了纳米复合型外墙隔热涂料。与单独添加空心玻璃微珠相比,含有空心玻璃微珠和纳米氧化锆的隔热涂料,其隔热保温性能明显提高。     

建筑反射隔热保温涂料的研制

介绍了以有机硅改性丙烯酸乳液为基料,不透明聚合物、空心微珠和红外辐射功能颜填料制备建筑反射隔热保温涂料的工艺技术,研究了几种功能颜填料及涂料体系的PVC值对涂料隔热保温性能的影响,乳液T_g值及阻燃剂对涂料耐沾污性和阻燃性能的影响。     

环氧改性有机硅耐高温防腐隔热涂料的研制

以环氧改性有机硅树脂为成膜物,以复合铁钛粉为防锈颜料,以六钛酸钾晶须、海泡石、膨胀蛭石、空心玻璃微珠等轻质材料为填料,在多种助剂和低相对分子质量聚酰胺的配用下,制得一种综合性、实用性、经济性较好的双组分耐高温防腐隔热涂料。     

聚氨酯包覆空心玻璃微珠改性环氧复合材料的制备与性能研究

对空心玻璃微珠进行了聚氨酯弹性体包覆改性,然后将其引入到自制的环氧-聚氨酯共聚物(EP-PU)中,制备了聚氨酯包覆空心玻璃微珠改性环氧复合材料,采用XPS、SEM手段对改性后的空心微珠进行了表征,并考察了改性后空心玻璃微珠的引入对固化物性能的影响.结果表明,空心玻璃微珠的表面化学改性改善了其与树脂基体的相容性,当空心玻璃微珠的用量达到树脂质量的20%时,复合材料的密度由原来的1.113 g/cm3降到0.864 g/cm3,降低了22.37%;线性固化收缩率也明显降低,从而增加其固化物的尺寸稳定性.空心玻璃微珠的引入固化物的韧性较好,密度和线性固化收缩率降低.其增韧机理以空心微珠的阻止裂纹扩展和聚氨酯的"海岛结构"为主.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。