硬脂酸镧的制备与动力学研究

对皂化法制备PVC热稳定剂硬脂酸镧工艺过程中的加料方式进行了部分改进.采用单因素和正交实验方法对反应时间、反应温度、盐碱比、氢氧化钠浓度等因素分别对硝酸镧/氢氧化钠盐碱反应和氢氧化镧/硬脂酸皂化反应的稀土转化率的影响进行了考察,并确定了最优工艺条件和进行了动力学研究.实验结果表明,采用改进的新工艺,稀土转化率高达99.80%以上,硬脂酸镧产品游离酸低于0.3%,熔点为127℃.经实验验证,第一阶段硝酸镧/氢氧化钠盐碱反应为二级反应,动力学方程为-dcA/dt=25.5c2A.第二阶段近似看作氢氧化镧/硬脂酸皂化反应,符合二级反应特征,动力学方程为-dcA/dt=1666c2A.     

硬脂酸稀土用作无毒聚氯乙烯热稳定剂的研究

本文综述硬脂酸稀土用作无毒聚氯乙烯热稳定剂的研究。根据已发表的研究结果，硬脂酸稀土是一种兼具润滑剂、加工助剂以及光稳定剂作用的无毒透明长期型聚氯乙烯热稳定剂     

正交实验法选择硬脂酸稀土合成工艺条件的研究

通过正交实验方法系统地研究了直接法合成硬脂酸稀土过程中各工艺参数对稀土收率的影响。得到了最佳工艺条件，在此条件下，稀土收率可达９０％以上。     

稀土皂化P_(507)-煤油有机相的制备及相关反应

本研究的目的是提供一种以碳酸稀土为皂化剂的稀土皂化P507-煤油有机相的制备方法。为此,系统考察了多种因素,例如,碳酸稀土用量、杂质离子硫酸根浓度、游离稀土离子浓度、相比和接触时间等因素,对稀土萃取率、分相性能和稀土负载浓度的影响。结果表明:当P507-煤油有机相与含游离稀土浓度在1 mmol/L以上的水相接触混合时,P507-煤油有机相的皂化可以快速地与加入的固体碳酸稀土反应,形成稀土皂化有机相。其皂化反应可以在几分钟之内完成,比水相中不含游离稀土离子时要快很多,这是因为受动力学条件限制的直接皂化反应已经变成了两个分立的反应:P507-煤油有机相与游离稀土离子的皂化反应以及该皂化反应析出的质子与碳酸稀土的溶解反应。基于这一特征,把P507-煤油有机相的稀土皂化设计成了多级逆流萃取皂化过程,该过程可以连续产出合格有机相并使水相在体系中保持循环。分液漏斗模拟结果证明了多级逆流皂化的可行性,确定了最佳的萃取相比为1∶1,皂化有机相的稀土负载浓度在0.12 mol/L以上。     

直接法合成稀土热稳定剂的研究

研究了硬脂酸和氧化镧在催化剂的作用下直接合成硬脂酸镧的方法,探讨了催化剂的用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对制备反应的影响.本法在生产中不产生废水,工艺流程短,生产成本低.     

硬脂酸稀土对PVC塑料的热稳定作用及其递变规律和机理

研究了稀土金属硬脂酸盐对PVC的热稳定作用.结果表明,硬脂酸稀土属长期型热稳定剂,与少量硬脂酸锌并用可有效改善其抑制PVC初期着色的效能;不同硬脂酸稀土与硬脂酸锌并用稳定的PVC具有相似的初期色相,但中、长期热稳定性不同,其中镧系金属硬脂酸盐的中、长期热稳定性随镧系原子系数呈现明显的奇偶效应递变规律;硬脂酸稀土具有类似于碱土金属皂的热稳定作用机理.     

气相法制备无水氯化钇的研究

在氯化装置中用气相法制备无水氯化钇,研究了氯化氢气体用量、反应温度、反应时间、料层厚度等对无水氯化钇中RECl3含量的影响。结果表明,当氯化氢气体用量为理论量1.6倍、反应温度450℃、反应时间36h、料层厚度10cm时,得到的高纯无水氯化钇中RECl3平均含量99.15%,氧化稀土的平均氯化率为97.89%,稀土平均收率为99.33%。     

熔盐电解法制备钇合金的研究进展

含稀土钇(Y)的合金是一种极具潜力的金属材料,不但可以充当金属结构材料(如铝合金、镁合金或稀土钢)的净化剂和改性添加剂,还可以在功能材料领域(如超导、储氢等)中起到不可替代的作用。本文由浅入深的介绍了现阶段国内外钇合金制备领域的问题与发展趋势,着重介绍了熔盐电解法制备钇合金的优势与现阶段的瓶颈,认为其具有成本低,连续作业等优势,必将成为制备钇合金的主要方法,因此成为学者的研究热点。重点阐述了熔盐电解法制备Y-Al、Y-Mg、Y-Ni、Y-Fe和多元钇合金的研究进展及现阶段存在的主要问题,介绍了氯化物与氟化物-氧化物体系电解过程中的优缺点,提出了熔盐电解法制备钇合金向产业化方面发展的重点研究方向。     

共沉淀法制备多孔纳米氟氧钇粉体及其性能研究

利用共沉淀法制备了具有稀土离子掺杂的氟氧钇(YOF∶Yb~(3+),Ho~(3+))多孔材料,并对其显微组织形貌、相结构、荧光性质、吸附能力以及表面润湿性进行了分析。结果表明,该纳米粉体颗粒具有尺寸小、均一性高的特点;其荧光发射能力随Ho~(3+)的增加逐渐降低,且荧光寿命较高;煅烧后多孔颗粒的表面积可达413.67m~2/g,其吸附性能及表面润湿性良好。     

PVC塑料稀土复合热稳定剂的研制

本文制备了柠檬酸稀土、月桂酸稀土、硬脂酸稀土和苹果酸稀土,对各稀土产品进行了热稳定性研究,发现苹果酸稀土的热稳定性最好,其长期热稳定性与有机锡相当。并用苹果酸稀土与硬脂酸锌进行复配,发现具有很好的协同效应。     

Synthesis and Characterization of Large Surface Area Yttrium Oxide by Precipitation Method

Rareearthoxides(REO)withlargesurfaceareahavehighchemicalreactionactivity ,soitisusedwidelyinthefieldofcatalysis ,SOFC ,advancedce ramicandsoon[1] .Inordertosatisfythedemandofthenewfunctionmaterials ,thepreparationmethodofspecialphysicalpropertyREcompoundneedstobedeveloped .Yttriumoxide ,especiallywithlargesur faceareaisaREOandwidelyusedintheabovefield .Industrially ,yttriumoxideusuallywaspreparedbythermaldecompositionofyttriumoxalateat 80 0～10 0 0℃for 2h .Itssurfaceareaisonly 2～ 4m2 ·…     

Preparation and Characterization of Porous Yttrium Oxide Powders with High Specific Surface Area

Y2O3isoftenusedinthemanufactureofphos phorsandceramics[1～3].However,itisalsousedas selectivecatalysts[1,4,5],suchasforthedehydrationof2alkanols,thedimerizationofmethane,1butene isomerization,hydrogenationof1,3butadieneandac etonealdoladdition,andsupport[6,7]formetalsthat catalyzetheformationofmethanolfromCO2andH2.It iswidelyacceptedthatthecatalysispropertiesofox idesdependstronglyontheirphysicalcharacteristics,especiallyontheirspecificsurfaceareaandporous structure.Agreatdealofattentionhasb…     

Preparation of Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Transparent Ceramics by Homogeneous Precipitation Method

Neodymium-doped yttriumaluminumgarnet(Nd∶YAG)transparent polycrystalline ceramics,laser ce-ramic matrix materials,are gradually becomingsubsti-tutes for single crystals because they are provided withpredominantly chemical stability,highly doped ionconcentration,excellent optical performance and hightemperature stability[1,2].Presently,the conventionallyused methods to produce Nd∶YAG powders are solid-state processes[3],chemical precipitation methods[4,5]andlowtemperature combustiontechniqu…     

室温球磨固相化学反应法制备纳米氧化钇

以草酸为配体,在机械力作用下,与硝酸钇进行室温固相化学反应,制得草酸钇前驱体,然后进行DTA-TG分析,确定前驱体的热分解温度,在热分解温度下保温两小时后制得纳米氧化钇粉体,用XRD物相分析、SEM、紫外光谱对粉体进行形貌观测和表征。结果表明获得的粉体粒度分布均匀,达到纳米尺寸,并对紫外光有较强的散射和反射作用,对紫外线屏蔽效率高。     

Synthesis of Yttrium Oxide Nanocrystal via Solvothermal Process

Y2O3 nanomaterials have been widely used in transparent ceramics and luminescent devices. Recently there are many studies focusing on controlling the size and morphology of Y2O3 in order to obtain better materials performance. In present study, yttrium oxyhydroxide precursor was synthesized via a facile solvothermal process through the dissolution-recrystallization mechanism of Y2O3 raw powders in the ethylenediamine solvent, then nanosized yttrium oxide crystal was prepared from the precursor through post heat treatment process. The effects of solvothermal treatment temperature, holding time, solvent kinds and post heat treatment parameters on crystalline structure, grain shape and size of nanocrystal were investigated by XRD, TEM and TGA-DTA measurements. TEM images reveal that the morphology of product after post heat treatment at 460 ℃ for 12 h is rice-like nanocrystal. XRD shows that this product is pure cubic Y2O3 cphase. Present study reveals that high purity Y2O3 with rice-like morphology can be easily prepared with average size around 30 nm under suitable post heat treatment parameters. In addition, the effects of solvents such as water and ethanol etc. on the crystal structure and morphology were also investigated. It is suggested that dissolution-recrystallization process may be the main mechanism for the formation of nano-sized YOOH precursors under solvothermal reaction condition, and the ethylenediamine solvent is likely to play an important role in controlling the transformation process of yttria precursors to theY2O3 nanocrystal.     

Study on Preparation and Properties of PVC Film Modified by Rare Earth

The transparent PVC films were prepared by tape casting. In the process of preparation, rare earth nitrate, as a kind of modifier, was added to the solution of PVC and THF. These PVC films were tested after being crosslinked by ultraviolet light. It is found that the mechanical and physical properties of all the PVC films modified by rare earth nitrate are greatly enhanced.     

Improving Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel by Yttrium Addition: An AES Analysis

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Effect of Yttrium on High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of a Directionally Solidified Superalloy

The effect of rare earth element yttrium on the high temperature oxidation resistance of a directionally solidified Ni-base superalloy was studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) techniques. The results show that the oxidation resistance of the alloy is substantially improved by adding proper amount of yttrium.