Lagged correlation in study of spatial pattern of wells contamination

The present communication summarizes and analyzes the results of an investigation conducted since 1977 in a section of South Windsor. Connecticut. A sanitary survey of drinking water wells in this area revealed that, out of 66 individual wells, 19 had counts of fecal and total coliforms in excess of what is recommended for potable water quality by guidelines set by the Public Health Code of the State of Connecticut. The data of this survey were subjected to lagged cross-correlation and spectral analysis in order to quantify spatial interactions between individual wells and, thus, to identify the pattern and the origin of contamination. Results indicated that there was a channeled flow of bacterial pollution through the study area with very little lateral diffusion. The study demonstrated that in some situations biological contaminants can travel large distances underground without substantial attenuation by the aquifer material.     

Homeless in the United States

The way public authorities presently define the homeless in the United States carries forward a complex historical legacy. The causal and moral assessments of the homeless, grounded in the work ethic of our capitalist society, have left behind four interpretations of the homeless as vagrant, deviant, sick or victim. Analysis of recent studies of the homeless, while uncovering the presence of all four definitions, found that most of the ‘new’ homeless are victims of the economy or sick.     

美国对棕地的更新改造与再开发

为了促进棕地的更新改造与再开发,美国联邦政府制定了专门计划与一系列措施,不少地方政府也予以积极配合,力图以此推动地方经济的发展,并取得了一定的成效.尽管棕地问题对我们还是一个比较陌生的概念,但并不等于此类问题在我国还没有发生.     

Public construction in the United States

This paper analyses the patterns of public sector construction expenditure in the United States for the 1957–1985 period. Expenditure trends of six categories of public works are analysed at three regional scales. Demand and supply factors influencing capital expenditures are briefly interpreted.     

美国对“棕地”的更新改造与再开发

为了促进“棕地”的更新改造与再开发,美国联邦政府制定了专门计划与一系列措施,不少地方政府也予以积极配合,力图以此推动地方经济的发展,并取得了一定的成效。尽管“棕地”问题对我们还是一个比较陌生的概念,但并不等于此类问题在我国还没有发生。     

盐湖城Trolley广场改造,犹他州,美国

MulvannyG2建筑师对历史地标和原先的trolley仓库、院子的内部空间设计,以及周边区域进行总体规划,使其再发展成为未来的零售商业中心.设计采用的空间利用尽量减少了一系列复杂的走廊空间,代之创造一个更加高效的楼层平面,将垂直交通循环最后汇集于中心庭院.整个改造为中心区重新注入活力,建筑外部景观也大大改进,原来的围栏地改造成停车场,这些都装饰了外部空间.     

美国的城市增长管理

美国较早经历了城市无限制增长的危害,因而也较早进行了相应的公共活动并取得了一定的效果,其30年的城市增长管理经验值得借鉴。本文简要介绍了美国城市增长管理的产生背景、概念、法律基础、实施工具,以及由地方到区域的演进过程和有关的争议。     

美国的土地规划——发展调控中的问题与借鉴

美国的土地规划大多属地方行为。城市（City）和县郡（County）长期以来依靠传统的总体规划（General Plan），小区规划法则（Subdivision Regulations），和房屋设计规范（Building Code）来控制开发。自从1926年联邦最高法院通过立法使土地分区（Zoning）成为地方政府的合法行为以来，土地分区成为美国地方政府最为广泛使用的土地规划手段。     

Alternatives to pesticides in Southeastern United States

A critical review of alternatives to the use of pesticides in agricultural practice in the Southeastern United States is presented. The methods, their stage of development and case histories are cited.     

美国的城市增长管理

美国较早经历了城市无限制增长的危害,因而也较早进行了相应的公共活动并取得了一定的效果,其30年的城市增长管理经验值得借鉴。本文简要介绍了美国城市增长管理的产生背景、概念、法律基础、实施工具,以及由地方到区域的演进过程和有关的争议。     

高昂的美国酒店特许经营费

对于酒店业主而言,加入酒店特许经营联盟费用不菲。但在当今酒店业激烈竞争的市场环境下,酒店特许经营能够让业主充分利用品牌的固有价值和已建立的市场地位,在更广的范围内提升入住率,并能够共享酒店连锁集团所创造的优势资源的实惠,牢牢吸引着酒店业主,让他们为加入酒店特许经营联盟许下重金。     

中国、美国与野心勃勃的城市

文章试图探究城市、野心与国家命运之间的联系,阐述如今中国之于美国来说就像是当初美国之于"旧世界"——明日的工厂、大胆的城市未来的熔炉。文章在将上海浦东的天际线比作中国城市激变的标准案例的同时,归纳出它与美国城市的黄金时代——20世纪30年代的纽约之间的类似之处。文章继而描述了汽车与郊区的诱惑如何平息美国的城市期望,并导致美国进入一个低效的、不可持续的城市无序蔓延的时代。文中痛惜怯懦与短视已经成为如今美国的建筑文化特色,无数障碍在阻挠建筑建起来。但文章依然意识到这种发展的缓慢未必是有害的,并总结出一个真正进步的社会是那些拥有人本主义的"软件"的社会——例如保护市民不被野心过大的发展计划所伤害,以及其他对社会的平等与公正的保障——这与高耸的摩天楼和耀眼的公共建筑等"硬件"同样重要。     

Subsurface injection of liquid waste in Florida,United States of America

In 1979, liquid waste was injected into the subsurface of Florida by 10 injection systems at an aggregate average rate of 165,000 m³/d. All the systems inject into carbonate rocks that contain salty water. Extensive precautions are taken in the construction of the injection wells and in the monitoring of their operation to provide assurance that overlying and laterally contiguous freshwater resources do not become contaminated with either the injected waste or the saltwater displaced by the waste. Several concerns relating to the effectiveness of the confining bed above the injection zone for containing the injected wastes have arisen over the years. These concerns accentuate the value of a well-planned and implemented monitoring program from which one can evaluate the potential impact of waste injection on the subsurface environment.     

Air pollution, climate, socioeconomic status and total mortality in the United States

This study examines the relative effects of air pollution, climate, and socioeconomic status (SES) on total mortality rate for 49 cities in the United States during the period 1968-1970 by using the multivariate regression model. Socioeconomic variables explain a greater percentage of the variation in the total mortality than do air pollution and climate variables. The results showed that excess mortality was associated with concentrations of benzene-soluble organic matter (BSO) and, to a lesser extent, total suspended particulates (TSP). It seemed likely that TSP and BSO were acting as a substitute for one another, without causal relationship. These findings have provided some limited conclusions; and more refined research is proposed.     

Labor force mobility in the United States: migration,unemployment, and remigration

"This study examines the relationships between pre- and post-move unemployment and interstate migration of the United States labor force for the period 1965 to 1970. Multivariate analyses are conducted for several large occupation groups. The results indicate a strong link between unemployment and migration. Unemployment increases migration possibilities for each large occupation group considered. Substantial post-move unemployment exists, but there is a significant link between migration and such unemployment only for blue-collar workers who are repeat migrants."     

Demand for urban forests in United States cities

Extensive economic investigations have shown a variety of benefits derived from urban forests, but study on demand for urban forests remains limited. This study investigates the impact of selected potential factors on the demand for urban forests at the city level. An empirical economic model is used to examine and estimate the demand for urban forests in all cities with population over 100,000 in the United States. The empirical findings suggest that the demand for urban forests is elastic with respect to price and highly responsive to changes in income. Urban forest area increases as total population grows but at a lower rate than population growth.     

A farmland preservation policy in the United States

Almost every state in the United States has enacted farmland preservation legislation. The State of Michigan adopted Public Act‐116 which contains a formula for determining the amount of tax credit that can be applied to the state income tax of farmers who contract to keep their land in farming for a minimum of ten years. The Act has been successful although some public officials question continuation of the program since it causes substantial loss of state revenue.     

汽车影院在美国

结构表现历来是建筑形象设计的重要部分。建筑结构真实、清晰的"理性"表现,一直被认为是建筑表现的一种"原则"。日本仙台媒体艺术中心的建筑形象十分独特,网状柱、各层楼板和玻璃幕墙的结构表现,分别采用了"展示"、"隐藏"和"伪装"这三种截然不同的方式,形成轻盈、虚幻的整体效果。看似"非理性"的结构表现完全服从于建筑整体效果这一"目标",显示出清晰的"理性"逻辑。这种"理性"在实践中更加灵活而富有生命力,更适于建筑艺术的创作。