氯化乙丙橡胶胶增容PVC／SBS共混体系的研究

以氯化乙丙橡胶（ＣＥＰＤＭ）为相容剂,研究了ＳＢＳ对ＰＶＣ的共混增韧改性。结果表明ＣＥＰＤＭ能明显改善ＳＢＳ与ＰＶＣ的相容性,使共混物中ＳＢＳ颗粒尺寸明显减小,分布更均匀,共混物的ｔｇ内移,常常和低温下制品冲击强度增大。当ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＳ／ＣＥＰＤＭ为８０／２０／６（质量比）时,共混物的常温缺口冲击强度为５６．３ｋＪ／ｍ＾２,低温（－２０℃）缺口冲击强度为３２．４ｋＪ／ｍ＾２。     

PVC／SBS／CPE共混体系力学性能研究

以ＣＰＥ为第三组分，制备了不同ＣＰＥ含量的ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＳ／ＣＰＥ三元共混物，使用冲击实验机和电子万能实验机测定了系列样品的力学性能，结果表明：ＣＰＥ的加入对ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＳ二元共混物的力学性能有一定程度的改善，当ＣＰＥ含量为１５－２０份时，效果最佳 。     

PVC／TPU／SBS—g—MMA共混体系研究

制备了ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＭＡ系列接枝共聚物,并对其进行了表征。以ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＭＡ作为ＰＶＣ／ＴＰＵ共混体系的增容剂,对不同配比的ＰＶＣ／ＴＰＵ／ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＭＡ共混体系的物理力学性能、流变性等进行了研究。结果表明,ＳＢＳ－ｇ－ＭＭＡ接枝共聚物对ＰＶＣ／ＴＰＵ共混体系起到了明显的增容作用。     

HIPS对没PVC体系的改性研究

研究了刚性有机粒子ＨＩＰＳＤ对不同改性ＰＶＣ体系力学性能的影响。结果表明,对于改性ＰＶＣ／ＰＥ－Ｃ基体添加少量的ＨＩＳＰ后,共混体系塑化行为改善,缺口冲击度明显提高,拉伸强度下降不大;而对于改性ＰＶＣ和改性ＰＶＣ／ＭＢＳ基体,共混体系的力学性能没有提高,且有负面影响。     

透明PVC／MBS合金的研究

本文对不同型号的ＰＶＣ与ＭＢＳ进行共混改性,通过冲击,应力－应变试验,动态力学分析（ＤＭＡ）、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）和紫外可见光谱研究了ＰＶＣ／ＭＢＳ共混体系的性能与形态结构之间的关系。结果表明,用ＭＢＳ改性ＰＶＣ既能有效地提高共混物的韧性,又能保证其具有良好的透光率。     

HIPS对不同PVC体系的改性研究

研究了刚性有机粒了ＨＩＰＳ对不同改性ＰＶＣ体系力学性能的影响。结果表明，对于改性ＰＶＣ／ＰＥ－Ｃ基体，添加少量的ＨＩＰＳ后，共混体系塑化行为改善，缺口 冲击强度明显的提高，拉伸强度下降不大；而对于改性ＰＶＣ和改性ＰＶＣ／ＭＢＳ基体，共混体系的力学性能没有提高，且有负面影响。     

PVC／SBR热塑性弹性体的研制

以ＡＢＳ、氯丁橡胶（ＣＲ）、马来酸酐（ＭＡ）接枝ＳＢＲ（ＳＢＲ－ＭＡ）作增容剂对ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ的共混比、增容剂、增塑剂用量做了优化选择。同时对动态硫化ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ的硫化体系、硫化工艺条件进行了探讨,并比较了动态硫化对共混体性能的影响。结果表明：ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ为８０／２０,增容剂ＡＢＳ／ＳＢＲ－ＭＡ为５／５时,选用半有效硫化体系,１６５℃下动态硫化６ｍｉｎ,共混物综合性能最佳     

国外合成树脂及塑料文摘

每期文摘的题目均按汉语拼音的顺序排列，英文按其字母顺序排列在汉字之前，数字开头的排在最前面。　　ＰＳ／ＰＢ松散共混物的冲击强度：相容化及断裂研究／Ｍａｔｈｕｒ，Ｄ．（美国）／Ｊ．Ａｐｐｌ．Ｐｏｌｙｍ，Ｓｃｉ．1999，72（9）：1151～1164（英）。研究了橡胶相的含量对聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ）和聚丁二烯（ＰＢ）共混物缺口冲击强度的影响，该共混物是用ＰＳＰＢ嵌段共聚物或ＰＳＰＢＰＳ三嵌段共聚物相容化的。研究了各种ＰＳＰＢＰＳ三嵌段共聚物对提高ＰＳ／ＰＢ共混物冲击强度的影响。对复合淬火产生的松散共混物进行了研究。观…     

粉末生SBR对PVC的增韧作用

研究了粉末改性ＳＢＲ对ＰＶＣ的增韧作用，用ＴＥＭ、ＳＥＭ和ＤＳＣ对粉末改性ＳＢＲ与ＰＶＣ共混物进行了分析，发现粉末改性ＳＢＲ对ＰＶＣ有显著的增韧效果。当粉末改性ＳＢＲ用量由５份增加到１０份，共混物的冲击强度由１０－２０ｋＪ／ｍ＾２突然升高到８５－１００ｋＪ／ｍ＾２。这种突变是由改性ＳＢＲ在ＰＶＣ基体中的相形态由分散相转变为网状结构，导致共混物由脆性断裂过渡到韧性断裂造成的。ＤＳＣ分析显示改性ＳＢＲ     

CPE对PVC／SBR共混体系增容作用的研究

通过微观冲击试验、动态力学分析（ＤＭＡ）、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）和透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）观察，研究了氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）增容的ＰＶＣ／丁苯橡胶（ＳＢＲ）共混物的性能与形态结构之间的关系。试验结果表明ＣＰＥ对ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ共混体系有良好的增容作用。     

PVC/SBS/MBS三元共混体系的力学性能及光学透明性研究

采用冲击实验、拉伸实验、超景深三维显微镜、扫描电镜和分光光度计等手段，对PVC／SBS／MBS三元共混体系的冲击强度、拉伸强度、形态结构以及光学透明性等进行了研究。实验结果表明，MBS能有效改善PVC／SBS共混体系的界面相容性。当SBS和MBS的总量不变时，随着MBS相对含量的增加，共混体系的缺口冲击强度逐渐增加，透光率在m（MBS）／m（SBS）=28／80时达到最大值，光学透明性能最好。     

苯乙烯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯梯度共聚物的应用

将用原子转移自由基聚合及连续补加甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）的方法制备的苯乙烯（St）/MMA梯度聚合物P（Pt-t-MMA）作为增容剂应用于聚氯乙烯/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物（PVC/SBS）和PS/PMMA聚合物合金的增容和改性。扫描电镜结果表明,P（St-t-MMA）可以改善PVC/SBS和PMMA/PS合金的相容性。PVC/SBS合金中加入少量P（St-t-MMA)后,冲击强度从6.0kJ/m^2提高到12.1kJ/m^2,加工流变性能得到了改善。SBS用量也影响PVC/SBS合金的冲击强度。     

废报纸粉填充聚丙烯材料的研究

本文介绍废报纸粉填充聚丙烯（ＰＰ）的研制。通过在体系中加入高分子偶联剂马来酸酐（ＭＡＨ）接枝ＰＰ（ＭＡＰＰ）来改善纸粉与ＰＰ基体的相容性，并针对纸粉填充后材料变脆的问题，用乙丙橡胶（ＥＰＤＭ）和乙烯醋酸乙烯共聚物（ＥＶＡ）对材料进行增韧，均取得显著的效果。所制材料的纸粉填充量（质量分数）可高达５０％～６０％，价廉、质轻、其主要性能好于桑塔纳轿车用木粉填充ＰＰ板，可望有较好的应用前景。当纸粉填充量（质量分数）为４０％～５０％时，主要性能：弯曲强度６９．０１～７４．８３ＭＰａ，杨氏弯曲模量２６４０～２９９６ＭＰａ，冲击强度１３．２５～１３．５０ｋＪ／ｍ２。     

PA6含量对PVC/PA6共混物形态结构与力学性能的影响

以EVA-g-MAH为相容剂,将PVC与自制的低熔点PA6共混制备了PVC/PA6共混物。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和力学性能测试研究了PA6含量对PVC/PA6共混物形态结构及力学性能的影响。SEM分析结果显示:随着PA6含量的增加,PVC/PA6共混物的分散相尺寸逐渐增大,当PA6含量为10%时,共混物中分散相的分散尺寸最小为1μm;当PA6含量为50%时,共混物为两相共连续结构;当PA6含量为60%时,共混物中PA6为连续相,PVC为分散相。力学性能测试结果表明:当PA6含量为10%时,共混物的缺口冲击强度和拉伸强度都较PVC有明显提高,分别提高了约50%与30%,达到了6.29kJ/m2和60MPa。采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了PVC/PA6共混物的结晶温度,检测结果显示:PVC/PA6共混物呈现非晶结构。     

SBS及Elvaloy741用于PVC共混改性体系的研究

研究了PVC/SBS/Elvaloy741(Elvaloy 741为乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯-一氧化碳的三元共聚物)、PVC/SBS和PVC/Elvaloy 741共混体系。对不同配比的共混物的物理机械性能进行了测试,分析讨论了弹性体SBS、Elvaloy 741和SBS/Elvaloy741对PVC的增韧效果和机理。     

Relationship among microstructure, linear viscoelastic behavior and mechanical properties of SBS triblock copolymer-compatibilized PP/SAN blend

Morphological, rheological and mechanical properties of the polypropylene (PP) and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN) blend containing poly(styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene) (SBS) triblock copolymer (ranging from 0 to 20 wt%) were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), small amplitude oscillatory shear analysis, and both tensile and impact tests, respectively. SEM observations showed that SBS reduced the diameter of the SAN dispersed particles as well as improved the adhesion between the matrix and the dispersed phase. Close examination of SEM micrographs further revealed that the dispersed phase domains were complex aggregates of SAN particles enveloped and joined together with the SBS compatibilizer in the PP matrix. The variation of the dynamic rheological parameters, including dynamic moduli (G′ and G″), complex viscosity ( $ \eta^{ * } $ ), loss factor (tan δ), together with Cole–Cole diagrams, with blend composition particularly at low frequency regions were determined to evaluate the interfacial activity of SBS copolymer. A specific viscoelastic phenomenon, i.e., “the second plateau”, appeared at low frequencies for PP/SAN blend containing 20 wt% of SBS and exhibited a certain dependence on the SBS amount and dispersion state in the matrix. This phenomenon was attributed to the formation of aggregate structure between SAN particles and SBS triblock copolymer. Finally, the results of uniaxial tensile and Charpy impact tests conducted on both unnotched and notched specimens indicated that in PP/SAN blend, SBS functions as both compatibilizer and toughening agent.     

Synthesis of amphiphilic graft copolymers of SBS with acrylamide and study of their properties

Graft copolymerization of SBS in the form of sodium ionomer with acrylamide in emulsion using benzoyl peroxide as initiator and sodium ionomer of maleated SBS as a self‐emulsifier, which can form a stable cyclohexane/water emulsion with AM without using any other emulsifier, was carried out. Factors affecting the graft copolymerization were studied. The grafting % can reach about 15%. Emulsifying properties of sodium ionomer of maleated SBS and the graft copolymer, as well as the compatibilizing effect of the graft copolymer in blending polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with SBS, were studied. The sodium ionomer of maleated SBS, the graft copolymers, and the blends were characterized with IR and DSC. The results showed that water absorbency and emulsifying volume increase obviously after graft copolymerization with AM. 0.2 g of the graft copolymer containing 14 wt % PAM grafts can emulsify a mixture of 30 mL toluene and 70 mL water completely. The graft copolymer can be used as an effective compatibilizer in the blending of PVC and SBS, more effective than the sodium ionomer of maleated SBS. Only 2 wt % of the copolymer based on the blend used in blending is enough to raise the tensile strength three times. The blends with weigh ratios of PVC/SBS at 3/7–4/6 in the presence of the graft copolymer behave as thermoplastic elastomers with a tensile strength of 14 MPa, an ultimate elongation of 750%, and a permanent set of 17%. Glass transition temperatures of the blend shifted inward in the presence of the graft copolymer. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1248–1253, 2005     

Application of phase dispersion–crosslinking synergism on recycling commingled plastic wastes

A tetra‐component blend, consisting of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), was studied as a model system of commingled plastic wastes (LDPE/PVC/PP/PS, mass ratio: 70/10/10/10). Effects of chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM), styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS), and their mixture (CPE/EPDM/SBS, mass ratio: 2/2/2) on the mechanical properties and morphology of the system were investigated. With addition of several elastomers and their mixture, the tensile strength of the blends decreased slightly, although both the elongation at break and the impact strength increased. Among these elastomers, EPDM exhibited the most significant impact modification effect for the tetra‐component blends. SBS and the mixture have a good phase‐dispersion effect for the tetra‐component blend. By adding a crosslinking agent [dicumyl peroxide (DCP)], the mechanical properties of the tetra‐component blends also increased. When either SBS or the mixture was added to the blend together with DCP, the probability that the crosslinking agent (DCP) would be at the interface improved because of the phase‐dispersion effect of SBS. Therefore, more co‐crosslinked products will form between LDPE and other components. Accordingly, remarkable improvement of the interfacial adhesion and hence the mechanical properties of the tetra‐component blends occurred. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 2947–2952, 2001     

阻燃HIPS的增韧研究

分别以SBS和POE为增韧剂,研究了它们对阻燃HIPS物理机械性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,以SBS为增韧剂所得复合材料的综合性能优于以POE为增韧剂所得复合材料的综合性能;复合材料的冲击强度随SBS用量的增大而增大,当SBS用量为12％时,其冲击强度达到8kJ／m^2左右,较未经增韧改性复合材料的冲击强度增加了6kJ／m^2左右,并且SBS的加入不会对复合材料的阻燃性能产生不利影响。     

环保型阻燃低烟高抗冲聚苯乙烯合金

研究了PPO、SBS、EPDM对HIPS的增韧效果,结果表明HIPS/PPO/SBS/EPDM的组成比例为60/30/5/5时,能使HIPS合金悬臂梁缺口冲击强度达到32.8kJ/m^2。通过添加磷系复合阴燃剂,HIPS合金阴燃性能达到FV-0级,烟密度等级67.35,悬臂梁缺口冲击强度10.1kJ/m^2,实现了无卤阴燃;添加对环境友好的溴系复合险燃剂,HIPS合金氧指数可高达32%,具有良好的综合性能。