首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Summarizes several lessons that have become tenets of Rational Emotive Therapy that the author has learned from practicing individual and group therapy with thousands of clients for over 50 yrs. Stress is placed on helping clients get better in addition to their feeling better, and teaching them how to achieve unconditional self-acceptance instead of conditional self-esteem. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

2.
In commenting in considerable detail on the four main articles in the special section on stress and coping, the author comes to two main conclusions: First, there is an increasing amount of high quality research on stress and coping that suggests the field is finally maturing, and this research may help reduce the long-standing gap between research and clinical practice. Second, this research is increasingly using badly needed research designs that have not hitherto been sufficiently emphasized, such as longitudinal or prospective designs, focused on observations that are day-to-day, microanalytic, and in-depth, and that are compatible with a holistic outlook. The author also addresses the role of positive emotion in coping, the concept of defense as it is dealt with nowadays, and the task of evaluating coping efficacy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

3.
Most theoretical models of the relation between mood and evaluation suggest that people in positive moods tend to render more favorable evaluations than people in negative moods. If moods operate as input to a role fulfillment evaluation process, however, then mood-congruent evaluations are not inevitable, even when people incorporate their moods into their evaluations. Instead, the more people experience the feelings (negative or positive) they could expect to feel if the target had fulfilled its role (e.g., a particularly heart-wrenching sad story or an especially funny comedy), the more favorably people should evaluate the target. Three experiments supported this hypothesis. Only the mood-as-input model seems capable of accounting for the results. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

4.
The relative importance of environmental and hereditary factors in how children cope with stress was examined. Emotion-focused, problem-focused, and additional coping variables were assessed in 44 monozygotic (MZ) and 30 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, aged 9-16 years. The effects of heritability, shared environment, and unshared environment were examined in structural modelling analyses. Genetic factors accounted for a majority of the reliable variance in four of seven coping variables, while effects of twins' shared environment were negligible for all but one coping variable. Environmental factors important to individual differences in coping strategies were primarily unique to each child (unshared between the twins), highlighting the importance of individual experiences in shaping coping behaviors.  相似文献   

5.
Relaxation techniques have been used increasingly in therapy with people who present with diverse anxiety and stress-related problems. Most applications, however, are aimed at a circumscribed problem area and use a specific relaxation procedure. The variety of patients and range of problems encountered in the evening mental health clinic of a teaching hospital prompted the authors to develop an approach that (1) incorporates a variety of cognitive and somatic techniques, (2) serves a heterogeneous population, (3) uses a time-limited group modality, and (4) encourages individual responsibility for selection and application of techniques. The content of each of the 6 sessions is described. Ss have indicated improvement in the areas of somatic complaints, interpersonal relationships, and sense of personal control. This approach appears to be a cost-effective way of teaching a heterogeneous population improved ways of coping with stress and encouraging individual responsibility for healthful behavior. (32 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

6.
The development of a measure of coping and involuntary stress responses in adolescence is described. The Responses to Stress Questionnaire (RSQ) reflects a conceptual model that includes volitional coping efforts and involuntary responses to specific stressful events or specified domains of stress. The psychometric characteristics of the RSQ were examined across 4 domains of stress in 3 samples of adolescents and parent reports obtained in 2 samples. The factor structure of the RSQ was tested and replicated with an adequate degree of fit using confirmatory factor analysis across 3 stressors in -2 samples. Internal consistency and retest reliability for the 5 factors were adequate to excellent. Concurrent validity was established through correlations with another measure of coping, heart rate reactivity, and correlations of self- and parent-reports. Significant correlations with both adolescents' and parents' reports of internalizing and externalizing symptoms were consistent with hypotheses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

7.
Reviews the literature on strategies children use for coping with pain before professional intervention. The development of direct methods of assessing children's behavioral and cognitive coping strategies is traced; and evidence for developmental differences in the types of strategies children employ is presented. Initial evidence regarding the effectiveness of spontaneous coping strategies is presented. Future research directions to be taken may include extension to pediatric chronic pain populations, outcome studies, and investigation of parents' roles in children's development and application of coping strategies. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

8.
This research examined the hypothesis that people with low self-esteem (LSE) are less motivated than people with high self-esteem (HSE) to repair their negative moods. In Study 1, participants completed diaries in response to either a success or a failure in their everyday lives. Participants described what they intended to do next and the reasons behind those plans. After failure, fewer LSE than HSE participants expressed a goal to improve their mood. A follow-up investigation (Study 2) suggested that this difference was not due to a self-esteem difference in knowledge of mood repair strategies. In Study 3, after undergoing a negative mood induction, fewer LSE than HSE participants chose to watch a comedy video, even though both groups believed the comedy video would make them happy. Studies 4 and 5 explored possible reasons why LSE people are less motivated than HSE people to repair their negative moods. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

9.
Substantial evidence demonstrates that ostracism has powerful negative effects on psychological well-being. However, little is known about how to ameliorate the negative effects of this ubiquitous social experience. A key preliminary strategy for developing effective methods to reduce the negative impact of ostracism is to examine factors that influence the persistence of these effects. Therefore, the authors examined whether the persistence of these negative effects is dependent on the vantage perspective from which an experience of exclusion is recalled. Using a virtual ball-toss game, being ostracized elicited an immediate aversive effect; furthermore, these effects persisted when individuals recalled the experience from an observer perspective compared with a field perspective. This study shows, for the first time, that the persistence of the debilitating effects of ostracism is influenced by how individuals recall that experience. These results have implications for the development of ameliorative strategies to manage the impact of social exclusion. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

10.
From a sample of 1,157 prescreened individuals, a sample of 193 participants with clearly identifiable attachment styles completed a stress narrative, a measure of coping styles, and a measure of emotional distress. Results of the 4 (attachment style: secure, fearful, preoccupied, and dismissing)?×?2(gender) study provided general support for predictions. Compared with severe attachment, for example, preoccupied attachment was associated with higher levels of intrusive psychological symptoms and higher levels of overall psychological distress, although specific predictions concerning characteristic styles of coping received mixed support. The nature and limitations of these findings are discussed in relation to contemporary issues in attachment theory, research, and measurement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

11.
This study examined the use of a stress and coping model of adjustment to multiple sclerosis (MS). A total of 122 MS patients were interviewed and completed self-administered scales at Time 1 and 12 months later, Time 2 (n?=?96). Predictors included stressful life events, illness (duration, severity, and disability), social support, appraisal (threat and control/challenge), and coping (problem focused and emotion [wishful thinking, self-blame, and avoidance] focused). Adjustment outcomes were Time 2 depression, global distress, social adjustment, and subjective health status. Results from hierarchical regression analyses indicated that after controlling for the effects of Time-1 adjustment, better Time-2 adjustment was related to less disability, greater reliance on problem-focused coping, and less reliance on emotion-focused coping. There was limited support for the stress buffering effects of coping and social support. Findings offer some support for the use of a stress and coping model of adaptation to MS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

12.
Discusses the importance of and resistances to the training of experienced therapists in brief approaches to psychotherapy. Ways are examined of providing such training to psychotherapists who are working in systems where brief treatment is essential. Three principles of adult learning are described (e.g., adults want to apply their new learning immediately) to highlight the important relation between those principles and the training strategies implemented in the program. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

13.
Children's strategies for coping with parental marital conflict were examined as predictors, mediators, and moderators of the relations between marital conflict and 8- to 11-year-olds' internalizing, externalizing, and physical health problems. In the context of marital conflict, a higher level of active coping and support coping combined was a protective factor against girls' depression symptoms and self-esteem problems and both boys' and girls' health problems. Further, avoidance coping was a vulnerability factor for externalizing, internalizing, and physical health problems in boys, and distraction coping was protective against children's depression and health problems. These findings extend the literature by delineating coping strategies that either protected children against, or heightened their vulnerability to, adjustment and health problems associated with exposure to parental marital conflict. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

14.
Three teachers rated 28 4th graders on 15 self-control items using a 5-point frequency scale, and children responded to a yes/no format for each of their 11 self-control items. Both the teachers' and children's scales were factored based on responses of 763 4th and 5th graders from 36 classes. Children's IQ was assessed using the Lorge-Thorndike Intelligence Tests, psychosocial adjustment was evaluated using the Child Behavior Rating Scale, and verbal and quantitative academic achievement was measured by the Stanford Achievement Test. The teachers' scale consisted of 2 factors replicated across halved subsamples: (a) Behavioral/Interpersonal and (b) Cognitive/Personal Self-Control. The children's scale had 4 orthogonal factors: (a) Personal Self-Control, (b) Interpersonal Self-Control, (c) Self-Evaluation, and (d) Consequential Thinking. Full-scale and factor scores had high reliability. The validity of each scale was supported, although the 2 were only weakly related to each other. Self-control ratings by teachers and children related to naturalistic observations and to teacher ratings of frustration tolerance and acting-out/aggressive problems. Teachers' (but not children's) ratings of self-control related to IQ and achievement. Girls were rated as better self-controlled than boys by both groups. There were no grade-level differences. Uses of the scales in large-scale social-systems studies are discussed. (38 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

15.
This study extended a previously developed integrative model of workplace stress by focusing specifically on interpersonal stressors. After controlling for negative affect, results of the prospective study of 157 Canadian managerial women indicated that conflicts appraised as threats to self-interest, less perceived control over the stressor, and more upsetting appraisals led to the use of disengagement coping, whereas conflicts appraised as threats to social relationships and greater control were associated with the use of engagement coping. Individual differences were also associated with primary appraisals and perceptions of the work environment. Primary appraisals had both direct and indirect effects on psychosomatic distress and fully mediated the effects of individual differences on distress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

16.
A sample of 187 medical center nurses described 2 stressful occupational episodes varying in perceived controllability and provided information regarding the coping strategies used. Outcome measures assessed effectiveness of coping across 3 dimensions: perceived coping effectiveness, job affect, and psychological adjustment. Negative affectivity was measured to control for its tendency to inflate stress-adjustment relationships. Use of problem-solving strategies was related to perceived coping effectiveness only for high-control episodes. However, differential use of coping across levels of controllability was not related to job affect or psychological adjustment. Avoidant coping was strongly associated with negative affect at work. In contrast, problem-reappraisal and problem-solving strategies were related to positive affect at work. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

17.
Investigated the extent to which people are assisted in their adjustment to divorce by their tendency to appraise the breakup in a biased, ego-enhancing fashion. Comparisons of the perceptions of 90 ex-spouses (45 couples) revealed that (1) ex-spouses did not differ in their positive self-perceptions or in their negative perceptions of each other; (2) Ss rated themselves more positively along dimensions of responsibility for the breakup, villain/victim status, and desire to reconcile than they were rated by their ex-partner; (3) both partners agreed that the women were more likely to have had control over the separation process than the men; and (4) wives' views of their ex-husband tended to correlate with the men's self-perceptions; men's and women's views of the wives were unrelated. The greater the control over the breakup attributed to one's ex-spouse, the lower one's level of psychosocial adjustment and resolution of the breakup. The article discusses how distorting perceptions of ego-threatening situations may facilitate adjustment to and maintenance of change. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

18.
Why are people with low self-esteem (LSE) less motivated than people with high self-esteem (HSE) to improve sad moods? The present research examined whether feelings of personal deservingness contribute to this difference. Four experiments with undergraduate participants involved a sad mood induction, a manipulation of personal deservingness, or both. Results suggested that (a) LSEs feel less deserving of positive outcomes and of positive moods than do HSEs, (b) feelings of personal deservingness can vary with the situation, and be lowered through reminders of social rejection and personal flaws, and (c) feeling relatively undeserving dampens LSEs', but not HSEs', motivation to repair sad moods. These results have implications for the emotion regulation, self-esteem, and social justice literatures. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

19.
20.
Children participated in four role-plays designed to assess what the children themselves would do and what they would suggest a friend should do when encountering a medical procedure and a minor injury. Open-ended responses were coded into an empirically derived continuum suggested by past research. Similar responses were given to cope with medical procedures and injuries. However, children suggested more reactive coping strategies (e.g., cry, pull away) for themselves and more proactive responses (e.g., think of something fun, take deep breaths) for friends. This finding questions the assumption that children choose the most effective coping strategy in their repertoire when they themselves confront an aversive stimulus, suggesting that preparation for invasive procedures should include motivational components. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号