Oxidation protection of NiCoCrAlY coatings on γ-TiAl

1　INTRODUCTIONTiAl intermetallic alloy, based on theγ TiAl,is expected to be one of the candidates for hightemperature systems such as aircraft engine be cause of its high modulus of elasticity, low densityand good creep resistance at high temperature[1, 2].However, there are two major drawbacks withγ TiAl alloy as an engineering material: one is itspoor room temperature ductility and the other isthe poor oxidation resistance above 800 ℃[3]. Alarge am…     

High-Temperature Oxidation of Double-Glow Plasma Tantalum Alloying on γ-TiAl

Oxidation of Metals - A Ta-modified layer was prepared on γ-TiAl by double-glow plasma surface metallurgy technique. Based on the results of high-temperature oxidation tests at 700, 800, and...     

Electrochemical deposition of hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium

1 Introduction Titanium implants have been used widely for various types of bone-anchored reconstructions due to their excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. However, titanium exhibits poor osteoinductive properties, fortunately, which…     

Amorphous coatings deposited on aluminum alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation

Amorphous [Al-Si-O] coatings were deposited on aluminum alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO). The process parameters, composition, micrograph, and mechanical property of PEO amorphous coatings were investigated. It is found that the growth rate of PEO coatings reaches 4.44μm/min if the current density is 0.9 mA/mm^2. XRD results show that the PEO coatings are amorphous in the current density range of 0.3 - 0.9 mA/mm^2. EDS results show that the coatings are composed of O, Si and A1 elements. SEM results show that the coatings are porous. Nano indentation results show that the hardness of the coatings is about 3 - 4 times of that of the substrate, while the elastic modulus is about the same with the substrate. Furthermore, a formation mechanism of amorphous PEO coatings was proposed.     

Low temperature bonding of LD31 aluminum alloys by electric brush plating Ni and Cu coatings

0Introduction Amongavarietyofbondingtechnologies,vacuum brazinghasbeenwidelyadoptedasareliablemethodfor joiningaluminumcomponents[1],whereintheAl Sialloys systemisrecognizedasthemostpopularfillermetals[2,3]. Althoughasoundjointcanbeachievedforcertainalumi…     

Effect of magnesium in aluminum alloys on characteristics of microarc oxidation coatings

Microarc oxidation（MAO） coatings were prepared on the surface of aluminum alloys with different contents of magnesium. The morphologies and surface roughness of the coatings were characterized by Confocal laser scanning microscopy（CLSM）. Phase and chemical composition of the MAO coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The experimental results show that the coatings formed on different substrates have two-layer morphologies and are mainly composed of Al203 and Al-Si-O phases. In addition, the content of Al203 increases with increasing the content of magnesium. XPS results prove that magnesium from substrate indeed participates in the MAO process and is incorporated into the coating in the form of MgO. The coating formed on Al-3Mg substrate has the smallest mass loss and the lowest friction coefficient of 0.17--0.19.     

Oxidation behavior of Ni（Co）CrAlYHf（Si） coatings on DS superalloy at 1150℃

Two Ni（Co）CrAlY coatings were deposited by EB-PVD method on a DS superalloy of Ni-Al-Cr-Co-W-Mo-Ta-Hf system. SEM, XEDS and XRD were used to study the oxidation behavior of the coatings. The two coatings show a good protection for the DS superalloy. The results of the isothermal oxidation test at 1150 ℃ for 100 h show that the oxidation tendency obeys the parabolic law, and the oxidation rate constant Kp of the coated specimens decreases to about 1/3 of that for the bare superalloy. After oxidation, a continuous alumina-based scale is formed at the surfaces of the coated samples. Y2O3, NiO and SiO2 are also detectable in the oxide scale. A large number of Al in the coating is consumed due to high-temperature diffusion and oxidation reactions, and the NiAl phases in the coating are almost completely transformed to Ni3Al phases. For the Hf-bearing coating, some HfO2 particles exist at the interface between the coating and the substrate. Although internal oxidation occurs, the coating still shows a good adhesion with the superalloy substrate even after oxidation for 100 h. For the bare DS superalloy, after 100 h oxidation at 1 150℃, only discontinuous alumina-based oxide particles exist on the surface. Oxide spallation occurs for the bare alloy.     

Preparation of Ni-CNT composite coatings on aluminum substrate and its friction and wear behavior

Nickel-carbon nanotube(CNT) composite coatings with a Zn-Ni interlayer were prepared by electrodeposition technique on aluminum substrate. The effects of CNT concentration in plating bath on the volume fraction of CNTs in the deposits and the coating growth rate were investigated. The friction and wear behavior of the Ni-CNT composite coatings were examined using a pitt-on-disk wear tester under dry sliding eonditions at a sliding speed of 0.062 3 m/s and load range from 12 N to 150 N. Because of the reinforcement of CNTs in the composite coatings, at lower applied loads, the wear resistance was improved with increasing volume fraction of CNTs. Since cracking and peeling occur on the worn surface, the wear rates of composite coatings with high volume fraction of CNTs increase rapidly at higher applied loads. The friction coefficient of the composite coatings decreases with the increasing volume fraction of CNTs due to the reinforcement and self-lubrication of CNTs.     

Effects of cathodic component of current on porosity and hardness characteristics of micro plasma oxidation（MPO） coatings on aluminum alloy

Micro plasma oxidation(MPO) has recently been investigated as a novel, rapid and effective means to provide modified surfaces with improved properties of load bearing and wear resistance on light alloys particularly aluminum alloys. MPO is a muhifactor-controlled process, these factors must be controlled to produce high quality coatings. The main research emphasis in MPO coating development over the past years seems to be the attainment of higher hardness levels and thick coatings. The porosity of MPO coating is the most complex phenomenon affecting the distribution, levels and the measurements of the hardness; and it is controlled by suitable selection of important parameters such as the electrical conditions. Ceramics coatings were synthesized on A1 substrate by MPO to examine the effects of adding a cathodic phase alternated with anodic-cathodic current on the porosity and hardness characteristics of coatings by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and microhardness tester. The coatings produced by the combined mode are more dense and less porous than that by the anodic-cathodic mode.Microhardness test shows that the coatings produced by the combined mode exhibit both the highest hardness, and less reduction percentage in hardness with increasing the coatings thickness. These improvements hecome more significant for the polished and thicker coatings.     

Adhesive strength and structure of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings grown in-situ on LY 12 aluminum alloy

The ceramic coatings containing zirconium dioxide were grown in-situ on LY l 2 aluminium alloy by micro-arc oxidation in mixed zirconate and phosphate solution. The phase composition and morphology of the coatings were studied by XRD and SEM. The adhesive strength of ceramic coatings was assessed by thermal shock test and tensile test. The results show that the coating is composed of m-ZrOz, t-ZrO2, and a little y-Al2O3. Along the section of the coating, t-ZrO2 is more on both sides than that in the middle, while m-ZrO2 is more in the middle than that on both sides. Meantime the coating is also composed of a dense layer and a loose layer. The coating has excellent thermal shock resistance under 550 ℃ and 600 ℃. And tensile tests show the adhesive strength of the dense layer of the coating with the substrate is more than 17.5 MPa.     

Failure mechanism of EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings on NiAl substrate

Yttria stabilized zirconia（YSZ） was deposited on the line cut β-NiAl substrate by electron-beam physical vapour deposition（EB-PVD）, and the cyclic oxidation behaviors of thermal barrier coatings on β-NiAl substrate were investigated in 1 h thermal cycles at 1 200 ℃ in air. The results show that the samples fail after 80-100 cycles. Sub-interface cavitations in the substrate develop due to depletion of Al in forming thermally grown oxides（TGOs）. The collapse and closing up of cavities result in the ragged YSZ/TGO/substrate interface. Since the specific crack trajectories are quite sensitive to local geometry, cracks along the YSZ/TGO/substrate interfaces ultimately lead to YSZ spallation.     

Oxidation and thermal fatigue of EB-PVD thermal barrier coatings on tube superalloy substrate

Two-layer structure thermal barrier coatings （TBCs） （NiCoCrAIY （bond coat）＋（6%-8%, mass fraction） Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2（YSZ top coat）） were deposited by electron beam physical vapor deposition （EB-PVD） on tube superalloy substrates. The samples were investigated by isothermal oxidation and thermal shock tests. It is found that the mass gains of the substrate with and without TBCs are 0.165 and 7.34 mg/cm^2, respectively. So the TBCs system is a suitable protection for the substrate. In thermal shock tests the vertical cracks initiate at the top coat and grow into the bond coat, causing the oxidation of the bond coat along the cracks. Failure of the TBCs system occurs by the spallation of the YSZ from the bond coat, and some micro-cracks are found at the location where the fragment of the YSZ top coat spalled from.     

Structure and tensile／wear properties of microarc oxidation ceramic coatings on aluminium alloy

Thick and hard ceramic coatings were prepared on the Al-Cu-Mg alloy by microarc oxidation in alkali-silicate electrolytic solution. The thickness and microhardness of the oxide coatings were measured. The influence of current density on the growth rate of the coating was examined. The rnicrostructure and phase composition of the coatings were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Moreover, the tensile strength of the AI alloy before and after microarc oxidation treatment were tested, and the fractography and morphology of the oxide coatings were observed using scanning electron microscope. It is found that the current density considerably influences the growth rate of the microarc oxidation coatings. The oxide coating is mainly composed of α-Al2 O3 and γ-Al2O3, while high content of Si is observed in the superficial layer of the coating. The cross-section microhardness of 120μm thick coating reaches the maximum at distance of 35μm from the substrate/coating interface. The tensile strength and elongation of the coated AI alloy significantly decrease with increasing coating thickness. The rnicroarc oxidation coatings greatly improve the wear resistance of AI alloy, but have high friction coefficient which changes in the range of 0.7-0.8. Under grease lubricating, friction coefficient is only 0. 15 and wear loss is less than 1/10 of the loss under dry friction.     

Characterization of bioactive ceramic coatings prepared on titanium implants by micro-arc oxidation

Micro-arc oxidation （MAO） is an enhanced chemical technology in an electrolyte medium to obtain coating structures on valve-metal surfaces. Titanium oxide films obtained by MAO in the sodium phosphate electrolyte were investigated. The films were composed mainly of TiO2 phases in the form of anatase and mille and enriched with Na and P elements at the surface. Their apafite-inducing ability was evaluated in a simulated body fluid （SBF）. When immersing in SBF for over 30 d, a preferential carbonated-hydroxyapatite was formed on the surfaces of the films, which suggests that the MAO-treated titanium has a promising positive biological response.     

Oxidation Behaviour of TBC Systems on γ-TiAl Based Alloy Ti–45Al–8Nb

The lifetime of thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems on gamma titanium aluminides was determined in the temperature range between 850 °C and 950 °C under cyclic oxidation conditions in air. Coupons of the alloy Ti–45Al–8Nb (at.%) were coated by pack aluminizing. A subset of samples was subsequently annealed at 910 °C for 312 h in argon. During this heat treatment, the two-phase (Nb,Ti)Al₃ plus TiAl₂ microstructure of the coating transformed into single phase γ-TiAl. On pre-oxidised aluminized, annealed and bare samples, TBCs of yttria partially stabilized zirconia were deposited using electron-beam physical vapour deposition (EB-PVD). No spallation of the TBCs was observed in cyclic oxidation tests at 850 °C for up to 3,000 cycles of 1 h dwell time at high temperature. The two-phase aluminide coating provided effective oxidation protection due to the formation of a continuous alumina scale. The lifetime of this TBC system exceeded 1,400 cycles at 950 °C, whereas an aluminized and annealed sample failed after approximately 500 cycles. The TBC on bare substrate failed when thermally cycled at 900 °C. In contrast, no spallation occurred with an aluminized and annealed specimen at this temperature during the maximum exposure length of 1,000 cycles, probably related to an increased aluminium concentration in the subsurface region. EB-PVD zirconia top coats were well adherent to the alumina scale and the thermally grown mixed oxides. Failure of the TBC systems observed with bare and annealed samples was associated with spalled oxide scales formed on γ-TiAl.     

A Comparison of Oxidation Behavior of Al Coatings Prepared by Magnetron Sputtering and Arc Ion Plating on γ-TiAl

利用XRD、EDS和SEM分析研究了磁控溅射和电弧离子镀2种工艺制备的Al涂层的微观结构、形貌和抗氧化性能。磁控溅射技术制备的均匀、致密的Al层拥有更为细小的晶粒组织。在氧化实验后,磁控溅射制备的Al涂层形成了一个由表层氧化层、次表层富Al层和互扩散层的保护性结构。相比之下,电弧离子镀制备的Al涂层表现出了更差的抗氧化性。这是由于在离子镀制备的Al涂层中发现的针孔可以为氧气的侵入提供通道,从而引起涂层的内氧化并最终导致涂层的剥离。结果表明,磁控溅射制备Al涂层具备更好的抗高温氧化性能。     

Oxidation behavior of three-phase Cu-25Ni-30Cr alloy at 700-800℃ under high oxygen pressures

The thermogravimetric analysis of a ternary Cu-25Ni-30Cr alloy prepared by conventional casting was performed in 0. 1 MPa pure O2 at 700-800℃. The results show that the alloy is composed of three phases,where the phase with the largest copper and lowest chromium content forms the matrix, while the other two,much richer in chromium, form a dispersion of isolated particles. At variance with another three-phase Cu-20Ni-20Cr alloy, which forms complex scales containing the oxides of the various components and double oxides plus an irregular region composed of alloy and oxides, the present alloy can form a very irregular but continuous chromia layer at the base of the mixed internal region, producing a gradual decrease of the oxidation rate down to very low values. A larger chromium content needed to form chromia layer for a ternary three-phase alloy is attributed to the limitations to the diffusion of the alloy components in the metal substrate imposed by their multiphase nature.     

The Effect of Coatings on the Oxidation Kinetics of Intermetallic Titanium Alloys of the Ti2AlNb and γ-TiAl Systems

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - The results of a study of the effect of aluminide coatings of the NiCrAlY and Al(Si) systems on intermetallic heat-resistant titanium...     

A study on reactive braze coating of （TiC＋Cr3C2 ）／Fe composite coatings

0Introduction Inmanycases,itisrequiredthatsurfacesofstructur alcomponentshavegoodpropertiessuchasthewear,cor rosionandoxidationresistancessoastotaketheadvantage ofalongerservicelifeandtheconsequentreductionofto talcost.Tothisend,numeroussurfaceprocesse…     

Preparation of ZrO2-Al203 micro-laminated coatings on stainless steel and their high temperature oxidation resistance

Micro-laminated ZrO2-Al2O3 coatings were prepared by electrochemical depositing ZrO2 film and Al2O3 film alternatively in ethanol solutions containing aluminum nitrate and zirconium nitrate, with small amounts of yttrium nitrate added respectively into both solutions. The micro-laminated ZrO2-Al2O3 coating is of nanostructure. FE-SEM analyses show that the cross section of the micro-laminated coatings has alternate six-layer films of ZrO2 and Al2O3, with the thickness of each layer in the range of nanometer or submicron. The surface of the microlaminated coatings is composed of nano-particles. SEM, XRD and mass gain measurement were adopted to study the oxidation resistance of coatings on stainless steel. It has been found that all the coatings are effective in protecting the substrate from oxidation, and micro-laminated coatings exhibit more excellent protectiveness performance. Mechanisms accounting for such effects have been discussed.