季铵盐型水性环氧树脂乳化剂的制备及特性研究

以二乙醇胺、环氧E-44树脂等为原料,合成叔胺结构中间体,与溴乙烷反应制得季铵盐型水性环氧树脂乳化剂,以相反转技术乳化环氧树脂E-44.研究了乳化剂合成过程中反应温度、反应时间和环氧基转化率的关系;探讨了乳化剂用量对水性环氧树脂水分散性,稳定性及固化性能的影响.利用红外光谱对产物的结构进行了表征.结果表明:二乙醇胺与环氧E-44树脂在80 ℃反应3 h,环氧基转化率可达98%以上;乳化剂用量为ω=22%时其乳化效果及所制得乳液的稳定性最好.DSC和TG分析结果表明,水性环氧树脂乳液和工业环氧树脂E-44比较,固化后热性能基本一样,分解温度约在350 ℃,但其玻璃化转变温度有所降低,说明其韧性有一定提高.     

聚苯胺季铵盐的合成及其性能研究

以邻氨基苯甲酸为原料,与氯乙醇反应生成2-氨基苯甲酸氯乙酯,然后用三乙胺季铵化合成了苯胺季铵盐,并将其聚合,通过红外光谱、紫外-可见光谱、X-射线衍射、循环伏安法和热重分析等对其结构与性能进行了研究。     

双子季铵盐表面活性剂的制备及性能研究

以十二烷基二甲基叔胺C12H25(CH3)2N、盐酸、环氧氯丙烷为原料合成了一种双子季铵盐表面活性剂GC12,经红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱证实其结构并研究了其表面活性、泡沫性能、乳化性能、HLB值及乳液的粒径分布。结果表明,GCl2具有较高的表面活性,良好的乳化能力和泡沫性能,临界胶束浓度(cmc)值仅为1.07×10-3mol/L,γcmc值为36.5 m N/m,HLB值为12.5,在15~55℃下乳液颗粒平均直径为120 nm,是良好的O/W型乳化剂。     

双子季铵盐表面活性剂的制备及性能研究

以十二烷基二甲基叔胺C12H25(CH3)2N、盐酸、环氧氯丙烷为原料合成了一种双子季铵盐表面活性剂GC12,经红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱证实其结构并研究了其表面活性、泡沫性能、乳化性能、HLB值及乳液的粒径分布。结果表明,GCl2具有较高的表面活性,良好的乳化能力和泡沫性能,临界胶束浓度(cmc)值仅为1.07×10-3mol/L,γcmc值为36.5 m N/m,HLB值为12.5,在15⁵5℃下乳液颗粒平均直径为120 nm,是良好的O/W型乳化剂。     

酯基三甲氧基有机硅季铵盐的性能研究

研究了酯基三甲氧基有机硅季铵盐(ETOQAS)的表面活性、润湿铺展性和生物降解性。结果表明:25℃时采用表面张力法测得ETOQAS的cmc=0.01 g/L,γ_(cmc)=15.72 mN/m;随着体系中NaCl浓度的增加,通过稳态荧光法测得的ETOQAS水溶液的cmc呈减小的趋势;随着ETOQAS水溶液质量浓度的增加,其在铁块和石蜡上的接触角逐渐减小;ETOQAS能够在3 d内降解完全。     

Electrochemical properties of quaternary ammonium borodiglycolates and borodioxalates

Quaternary ammonium borodiglycolates and borodioxalates were prepared by the reaction of quaternary ammonium tetrahydroxyborates with glycolic acid and oxalic acid, respectively. These compounds are used as the electrolyte salts of aluminum electrolytic capacitors. Their molar conductivities, limiting molar conductivities and oxidation potentials in γ-butyrolactone were higher than those of borodisalicylates and borodicatecholates due to the lack of aromatic rings. Their film-forming ability of anodic aluminum oxide in γ-butyrolactone electrolytes containing a small amount of water was poor, because both anodic dissolution and oxidation occurred simultaneously.     

季铵盐型双子表面活性剂的合成和性能

以烷基二甲基叔胺R(CH32N(R为C12H25、C14H29和C16H33)、盐酸、环氧氯丙烷为原料合成了系列季铵盐型双子表面活性剂GnCl2(n=12,14,16),样品经核磁共振及元素分析证实其结构.研究了其水溶液的表面活性、泡沫性能和杀菌性能.结果表明,所合成的双子阳离子表面活性剂具有较高的表面活性,烷基链越长,临界胶束浓度越小;不同链长的GnCl2体系中,G12Cl2溶液的起泡和稳泡效能最高,起泡和稳泡效率最低;通过纸片扩散法测定其杀菌性能表明,双季铵盐型表面活性剂具有优良的杀菌能力.     

水不溶性季铵盐阳离子树脂杀菌剂的制备及应用

以阳离子交换树脂为载体,接枝聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)并季铵盐化制成水不溶季铵盐聚合物杀菌剂。填充制作杀菌柱,通入一定菌浓度的菌悬液,通过调节流量以控制停留时间的方法来杀菌。经过杀菌测试以及应用试验,证实该杀菌柱对水中的异养菌、真菌、藻类等都有良好的杀菌效果,在菌浓度105个/mL下,杀菌率都能达到90%以上。     

The effect of component addition order on the properties of epoxy resin/polyurethane resin interpenetrating polymer network structure

Epoxy resin (ER) is one of the most important synthetic resins, but it has the disadvantage of lacking impact resistance. However, it can be improved by mixing with polyurethane resin (PU). In this study, Epon 828, triethylenetetramine (TETA), polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) were used as raw materials to prepare ER/PU interpenetrating polymer network structures (IPNs) by three different blending processes. The results showed the reactivity between TETA and IPDI were greater than that between TETA and ER. When ER/TETA/PTMG/IPDI/DBTDL were mixed at the same time, or ER and PU resins were prepared separately and then mixed, the ER/PU composites produced had a phase separation inside the structure. The most appropriate blending method was to mix ER with PTMG, IPDI, DBTDL first, and then add TETA after 10 min. The composite formed had a uniform appearance, and had better physical, mechanical, and thermal properties than the others did.     

催化剂对Resole酚醛树脂结构与性能的影响

分别以氨水、三乙胺、氢氧化钠为催化剂合成了3种Resole酚醛树脂,通过pH值,凝胶色谱、红外光谱分析等方法,讨论了不同催化剂的催化反应机理,催化剂对Resole树脂的分子质量及分布以及树脂结构的影响。将3种树脂通过浸渍和热压工艺制备了酚醛树脂层压板,测试了其弯曲性能。结果表明,3种催化剂的催化效率依次为是NaOH>三乙胺>氨水。采用3种催化剂所合成的树脂具有相似的化学结构。采用三乙胺为催化剂时,所制备的层压板具有最佳的工艺性和力学性能。     

季铵盐型抗菌树脂合成及其漆膜的抗菌性能

采用聚合反应合成了一种季铵盐型抗菌树脂,通过漆膜的抑菌圈测试、抗菌率测试以及模拟不同环境对漆膜抗菌效果的影响测试对抗菌树脂的抗菌性能进行了评价,并考察了抗菌树脂漆膜的力学性能。结果表明:季铵盐抗菌剂的含量为6%时,漆膜对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠杆菌的抗菌率均能达到99%以上。在此含量下,对漆膜的力学性能影响不大,且漆膜具有良好的抵抗恶劣环境的能力,漆膜被擦拭1000次后,其抗菌率仍能达到95%以上,具有良好的抗菌持效性能。     

Effects of emulsification on properties of quaternary ammonium ion-based polyurethane anionomer

Summary Quaternary ammonium ion-based Polyether polyurethane anionomer solution and emulsion are studied. In the un-ionized film, the soft segment crystallites are not present. Ionization creates soft segment crystallites and produces increased phase separation between the soft and hard domains, which leads to an increase in both tensile strength and elongation at break. Emulsification of the PU ionomer solution can lead to slightly increased phase mixing. During the emulsification, conductivity and viscosity variations show that water is first adsorbed on the surface of the hard-segment microionic lattices and then enters successively into the more disordered and less disordered hard domains. The morphology of the unionized film shows that the hard domains are dispersed in the soft domains and that the size of hard domain increases greatly after the ionization. After dispersion, the hard segments originally distributed in the dispersed phase can be inverted to become a hard domain network.     

The viscoelastic properties of rubber–resin blends. I. The effect of resin structure

Blends of elastomers with the proper concentration of appropriate low molecular weight resins exhibit performance as pressure sensitive adhesives. Viscoelastic properties, which may be related to adhesive performance, were measured on 1:l blends of rubber and resin using a mechanical spectrometer. Significant differences in viscoelastic properties were observed depending upon the resin structure. On plots of G′ and tan δ vs. temperature, the addition of a compatible resin produces a pronounced shift of the tan δ peak to a higher temperature and reduces the modulus in the rubbery plateau. An incompatible resin results in a minor shift in the tan δ peak of the elastomer along with the appearance of a second peak at higher temperature, attributed to a second phase which is predominantly resin. Also, the modulus is increased in the rubbery plateau. A polystyrene resin, M_w about 900, is shown to be incompatible with natural rubber but compatible with styrene–butadiene rubber. A cycloaliphatic poly(viny1 cyclohexane) resin, M_w about 650, prepared by hydrogenating the polystyrene resin, is compatible with natural rubber, but incompatible with styrene-butadiene rubber. An alkyl-aromatic poly(tert-butylstyrene) resin, M_w about 850, which is intermediate in aromaticity between the aromatic polystyrene resin and the cycloaliphatic poly(viny1 cyclohexane) resin, is compatible with both natural rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber. Therefore, the structure of the resin is very important in adjusting the viscoelastic properties of a rubber–resin blend to achieve pressure sensitive adhesive performance.     

Synthesis and colloid-chemical properties of new quaternary ammonium compounds

Methods of synthesis of new cationic surfactants, quaternary ammonium compounds, have been developed, and these surfactants have been synthesized. Major colloid-chemical properties of aqueous solutions of these compounds—surface activity, electrolytic and rheological properties, wetting of a hydrophilic surface (glass), and solubility—have been studied. Based on the experimental findings, some correlations between the colloid-chemical properties and the structure of the surfactants have been formulated.     

季铵盐类荧光增白剂的合成及性能

三聚氯氰与4,4′-二氨基二苯乙烯-2,2′-二磺酸和两种氨基化合物经过三步缩合反应得到三嗪基氨基二苯乙烯型荧光增白剂,用三乙醇胺和三乙胺分别替代二乙醇胺和二乙胺,合成新型两性季铵盐类荧光增白剂,研究其与对比的非季铵盐类荧光增白剂的应用性能和在水溶液中的紫外吸收性能、光致异构化现象、荧光发射性能及其应用性能.结果表明：该季铵盐类增白剂耐酸碱性能明显提高,使用范围扩大,但其紫外吸收和荧光发射性能下降,且同样存在较为明显的光致异构化现象,耐光性也较差.     

长链烷基季铵碱的制备工艺及性能研究

以烷基叔胺和碳酸二甲酯为原料制备烷基碳酸甲酯铵,烷基碳酸甲酯铵水解得到烷基碳酸氢铵,再通过离子膜连续电解法合成长链烷基季铵碱。以十四烷基三甲基氢氧化铵为例,考察了电解反应温度、电流密度、阳极液浓度、阴极出料液浓度对电流效率的影响,得出其最优工艺条件为：反应温度65 ℃、电流密度450 A/m2、阳极液浓度1.40 mol/L、阴极液出料浓度为0.15 mol/L,在此条件下电解反应的电流效率可达67%以上;通过1H-NMR、IR对产品结构进行了鉴定,结果表明合成的产品为长链烷基季铵碱;对得到的长链烷基季铵碱的表面活性、pH值、润湿性、泡沫稳定性等性能进行了研究。     

树枝状大分子季铵盐的制备及抑菌性能研究

以丙烯酸甲酯和乙二胺为原料合成了树枝状大分子聚酰胺-胺(PAMAM),采用1HNMR进行了结构表征。在此基础上用2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵(GTA)对其表面进行修饰,制备了树枝状大分子季铵盐。采用单因素法确立了制备树枝状季铵盐的最优反应条件:1.0G PAMAM与GTA摩尔比为1∶7,混合溶剂中水的质量分数为60%,反应温度60℃,反应时间8 h。制备的树枝状季铵盐用FTIR进行结构表征,并对其抑菌性能进行了研究。结果表明:树枝状大分子季铵盐对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和黑曲霉菌有抑菌作用,对黑曲霉菌的抑菌浓度最小,为8.5μg/m L,抑菌活性最大。     

Synthesis and properties of a polymerizable quaternary ammonium salt

Novel polymerizable monomer N,N‐dimethyl‐2‐[(2‐methylacryloyl)oxy] ethanaminium 5‐carboxy‐2,4‐bis benzoate (DMAEMA‐PMDPM salt) was synthesized by acid‐alkali neutralizing reaction and was proved to be successful by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of monomer were assessed by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration, time–kill study and methyltetrazolium test assay. Polymerizable efficiency was determined by measurement of degree of conversion. The results indicated that DMAEMA‐PMDPM salt which is a kind of liquid polymerizable has some antimicrobial activity and similar cytotoxicity to common dental resin monomers. The new monomer also has a high polymerizable ability. Therefore it might have a great potential to prepare antimicrobial coatings on denture base and soft lining materials, as well as some biomedical applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41002.     

m-n-m型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以N,N-二甲基十四胺和1,8-二溴辛烷反应生成了14-8-14型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂,通过单因素试验优化了反应条件,确定较佳合成条件为:N,N-二甲基胺的用量为5 mmol,N,N-二甲基胺与二溴烷烃的摩尔比为2.2:1,溶剂乙腈用量为10 mL,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为24 h,在此条件下合成了24种m-n-m型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂,大部分反应的收率大于80%。采用吊环法对产物的表面张力进行了测定,分别研究了疏水烷基链、连接基对Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂表面活性的影响,研究发现,当连接基n相同时,随着疏水烷基链的增长(m10时),Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂的表面张力呈现先减小后增大的趋势,14-n-14型Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂呈现出最好的表面活性;当疏水烷基链m=14时,随着连接基n的增大,Gemini季铵盐表面活性剂的表面张力呈现先增大后减小的趋势。     

季铵型阴离子交换纤维的制备及其吸附性能研究

将棉纤维进行碱化、老化处理,所得的碱纤维与交联剂4,4 ′-二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯反应制得中间产物,再与3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵接枝反应得到季铵型阴离子交换纤维;利用红外光谱分析对产品的结构进行表征,测定其交换容量,并作出其对水溶液中Na2SO4的吸附等温线,用Freundlich吸附等温方程对吸附等温线进行拟合和...