菊花粉对面粉粉质特性及曲奇饼干质量的影响

研究了菊花粉对面粉粉质特性和曲奇饼干质量的影响。结果表明,随着菊花粉添加量的增加,面团的吸水率先增加后降低,弱化度降低,形成时间、稳定时间增加,当菊花粉添加量为3%时,制得的曲奇饼干口感适中,可以接受。     

全麦粉及小麦粉基本品质及流变学特性对比研究

以郑麦366、普优、加麦2号3种小麦为原料,分别用波通3100磨磨制全麦粉,布勒实验磨磨制小麦粉。研究全麦粉及小麦粉的基本品质及流变学特性。结果表明:全麦粉的营养价值优于小麦粉的营养价值,但是加工品质劣于小麦粉的加工品质。     

小麦粉品质与调味面制品品质的相关性分析

为优选调味面制品专用小麦粉,并使小麦粉在调味面制品中发挥最佳作用,研究了小麦粉品质与调味面制品品质的相关性。采用相关性分析并建立逐步回归方程,以产品硬度、径向膨胀率、持油能力等为评价指标,分析了影响产品品质的原料组分。结果表明,吸水性指数与总淀粉含量、干面筋含量显著负相关(P<0.05),与面筋指数极显著负相关(P<0.01)。水溶性指数与总淀粉含量、面筋指数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与直支淀粉比、脂肪呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。径向膨胀率与灰分、水溶剂保持力和Na_2CO_3溶剂保持力呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与湿面筋含量、蔗糖溶剂保持力呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。硬度与干面筋含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。该研究对调味面制品专用粉品质改良具有一定指导作用,并为小麦粉生产优质产品提供参考。     

Quality characteristics of wheat flour milled streams

In order to develop specific quality flour for use in different bakery products, quality characteristics such as sedimentation value, flour color and oil and its fatty acid composition of flour mill streams obtained from three different commercial roller flour mills were determined. The studies showed there was an increase in the sedimentation value, protein, falling number and oil and a decrease in flour color with increasing number of break flour streams, and the trend was similar for the streams obtained from the three different mills. However, no appreciable difference with regard to the above parameters was observed in reduction flour streams. Palmitic and linoleic acid contents were the predominant saturated and unsaturated fatty acids respectively present in oil of the milled streams. The levels of these fatty acids were high in V break, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 6th reduction streams in all three mills. The flours from the reduction passages in general had more saturated fatty acid compared to break flour streams.     

重庆小面的面粉品质与面条特点之间的关系

对重庆市场销售的7种用于制作重庆小面面粉的理化性质及面条特性进行了研究,并与3种家用普通面粉,3种兰州拉面专用面粉及其制作的重庆小面进行了比较分析。归纳总结了重庆小面面条特点与制作其面粉品质之间的关系。结果表明,与普通家用面条面粉和兰州拉面专用面粉相比,重庆小面面粉蛋白质、湿面筋含量较低,其中麦谷蛋白含量较低,麦醇溶蛋白含量较高。因此面条内部面筋网络结构偏柔,硬度、弹性、筋道性较差,黏度较大,面条质地柔软适口,容易咬断。与另外2种面粉相比,重庆小面面粉的直链淀粉含量较高、膨胀势较大、峰值黏度和峰值时间较小,加之其面粉的蛋白质特性使得重庆小面在煮制时大量吸水膨胀和糊化,面筋结构易被破坏,面筋网络中包裹的淀粉颗粒容易溶出,因此其蒸煮吸水率及干物质、蛋白质损失率高。而淀粉颗粒溶出后,面筋网络中存在更多的空隙,重庆小面质地变得柔软不紧致,使得更多的调味料被吸附到面筋网络空隙中,加之面条表面黏度较大,调味料更容易黏附在面条表面,造就了重庆小面面条的赋味能力出众。     

面条品质与小麦粉品质特性关系的探讨

选用品质不同的小麦粉33份制作面条,探讨小麦粉品质性状和面条煮面品质的关系。结果表明,面条品质是小麦粉多种品质性状综合作用的结果,不同小麦粉品质性状对面条外观和质地作用的方向和程度不同,蛋白质质量(面筋强度和延伸性)和淀粉糊化特性对面条品质的影响较大,蛋白质质量对面条质地有较大的正向影响,对面条外观有一定的负向影响,淀粉糊化特性对面条外观和质地均有显著正向作用,而蛋白质数量对面条适口性和韧性也有一定正向作用。面筋强度较高、淀粉特性好的小麦粉适宜制作优质面条。     

Effect of wheat flour characteristics on sponge cake quality

BACKGROUND: To select the flour parameters that relate strongly to cake‐making performance, in this study the relationship between sponge cake quality, solvent retention capacity (SRC) profile and flour physicochemical characteristics was investigated using 38 soft wheat samples of different origins. Particle size average, protein, damaged starch, water‐soluble pentosans, total pentosans, SRC and pasting properties were analysed. Sponge cake volume and crumb texture were measured to evaluate cake quality. Cluster analysis was applied to assess differences in flour quality parameters among wheat lines based on the SRC profile. RESULTS: Cluster 1 showed significantly higher sponge cake volume and crumb softness, finer particle size and lower SRC sucrose, SRC carbonate, SRC water, damaged starch and protein content. Particle size, damaged starch, protein, thickening capacity and SRC parameters correlated negatively with sponge cake volume, while total pentosans and pasting temperature showed the opposite effect. CONCLUSION: The negative correlations between cake volume and SRC parameters along with the cluster analysis results indicated that flours with smaller particle size, lower absorption capacity and higher pasting temperature had better cake‐making performance. Some simple analyses, such as SRC, particle size distribution and pasting properties, may help to choose flours suitable for cake making. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

市售饺子用小麦粉品质性状及其加工品质特性

利用混合实验仪对优质饺子粉进行评价筛选研究,旨在为达成饺子专用粉高效在线配粉提供理论支撑。本研究以市场上现有的30种饺子粉为研究对象,通过分析面粉的白度、湿面筋含量、流变学特性、糊化特性等理化指标和饺子皮感官评分,比较不同饺子粉品质差异性,运用聚类分析将上述面粉进行等级分类。结合混合实验仪软件的内置功能Chopin+标准协议对优类饺子粉进行测定并制作目标剖面图。利用该剖面图实现了郑麦136、郑麦366和新麦26等3种基础粉的饺子皮配粉应用。结果表明,30种饺子粉品质性状的变异系数大小依次为：形成时间>稳定时间>粉质质量指数>弱化度>面筋指数>衰减值>最低粘度>峰值粘度>湿面筋含量>糊化温度>吸水率>白度>峰值时间>感官评分,其中形成时间的变异系数最大,为68.59,感官评分变异系数最小,为0.11。在欧式距离5处可将30种饺子粉分为三大类群。其中,第二类有16个样品,其稳定时间、峰值粘度、最终粘度和感官评分均为三类中最佳,将其归为优质饺子粉。所得到的优质饺子粉目标剖面图的吸水率指数范围在8~9,混合指数范围为5~7,面筋+指数范围在5~6,粘度指数范围为5~7,淀粉酶指数范围为7~8,回生指数范围在7~8。利用混合试验仪对3种基础粉和10种不同比例的混合粉进行测定,从6个指数综合分析发现混合粉7:2:1、6:3:1、6:2:2、5:4:1均落在优质饺子粉目标剖面图的范围内,说明该4种混合粉适合饺子加工,考虑优麦成本,可选取7:2:1作为最优配比。该研究可为企业生产高质量的饺子专用粉和面粉品质控制提供理论参考。     

Rheological properties of wheat flour and quality characteristics of pan bread as modified by partial additions of wheat bran or whole grain wheat flour

The use of bran and whole grain flour changes dough rheology and causes difficulties in manufacturing bakery products. The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of substituting refined wheat flour (WF) by wheat bran (WB; 5%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) or whole grain wheat flour (WGWF; 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%) on dough rheological properties and pan bread quality characteristics. The addition of WB and WGWF increased water absorption and resistance to extension and decreased stability, extensibility and peak viscosity. Effects with WB were more pronounced. The presence of WB or WGWF increased crumb moisture content, firmness and hardness and decreased specific volume of pan bread. It is important to set new farinographic and extensographic standards when using WB and WGWF, allowing for a correct correlation between rheology and quality characteristics of bakery products, as the same standards used for WF are not valid.     

Dough characteristics of wheat flour milled from wheat grains stored in spike form

This study compares the effects of storage form (grain and spike) of wheat as well as grain moisture content (12%, 14% and 16%), storage time (0, 3, 6 and 9 months) and temperature (10, 20 and 30 °C) on rheological (farinograph and extensograph) characteristics of dough obtained from stored wheat. While water absorption, stability and degree of softening of wheat stored in spike form were 61.2%, 15.8 min and 25.9 Brabender unit (BU), these values of wheat stored in grain form were 60.8%, 14.1 and 29.1 BU, respectively. Resistance to extension and dough energy of wheat stored in grain form were significantly higher than those of wheat stored in spike form, while extensibility was significantly lower. Storage in spike form had a positive effect on all farinograph and extensograph characteristics of wheat stored under nonoptimal storage conditions such as high grain moisture content, high temperature and long storage time.     

面粉特性与方便面品质

０前言随着人们生活节奏加快和生活水平的提高 ,方便面等快餐食品已广泛被广大消费者所接受。据统计资料显示 ,目前我国方便面年总销量达１５０亿份 ,消费者对产品的选择也日趋成熟 ,除了要有一份鲜美的调味料 ,面条本身的品质也越来越被生产厂家和消费者重视。这里面条品质主要指复水时间、口感爽滑、有筋道、不浑汤、不断条等感观指标 ,而感观指标的好坏将给普通消费者最直接的印象。面粉是方便面中最基本、用量最多的原料 ,由于方便面对面粉的要求 ,既要有较好的韧性、弹性即通常说的筋道 ,又需要有较好的延伸性使面条复水后爽滑 ,面粉品…     

小麦基质下枯草芽孢杆菌与酵母共发酵代谢特征

以小麦粉为基质,采用枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）分别与汉逊酵母（Hansenula sp.）、弗比恩毕赤酵母（Pichia fabianii）、酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cerevisiae）和鲁氏酵母（Zygosaccharomyces rouxii）共发酵,通过对还原糖、乙醇及氨基酸的检测分析其代谢特征。结果表明,汉逊酵母和枯草芽孢杆菌共发酵最利于乙醇的合成,乙醇最高含量为（740.00±28.28） mg/L。枯草芽孢杆菌分别与汉逊酵母、弗比恩毕赤酵母、酿酒酵母、鲁氏酵母共发酵时氨基酸合成代谢存在差异,分别合成10、10、12、12种氨基酸,最高总氨基酸含量分别为（210.41±18.75）μg/mL、（160.92±9.11）μg/mL、（3 957.35±261.47）μg/mL、（956.71±56.64）μg/mL,酿酒酵母与枯草芽孢杆菌共发酵时更有利于氨基酸的合成。四种发酵体系中共有氨基酸为缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、脯氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸和酪氨酸,非共有氨基酸为丝氨酸、甘氨酸、丙氨酸、半胱氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、谷氨酸以及谷氨酰胺。     

面粉品质与面条产出率的相关性分析

研究了不同品质面粉的常规指标及品质指标对面条产出率的影响,试验发现面筋含量、面筋指数、面粉稳定时间和能量与面条产出率成正相关。相关性分析显示:其相关系数分别达到0.792、0.860、0.949和0.991。     

小麦粉中的淀粉对其糊化特性的影响

从小麦粉中提取淀粉、直链和支链淀粉,再将其按不同的梯度添加到原小麦粉中去,用RVA来测定其粉糊化特性,以此来研究同源小麦淀粉、直链和支链淀粉对其糊化特性的影响规律。随着淀粉或支链淀粉添加量的增加,小麦粉糊化时的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、衰减值和峰值时间都出现了上升的趋势,而糊化温度则表现为降低趋势。随着直链淀粉添加量的增加,小麦粉糊化时的峰值黏度、低谷黏度、崩解值、最终黏度、衰减值、峰值时间和糊化温度都出现了下降的趋势。     

面粉安全与面粉增白剂

我国自古重视农业生产,尤其是进入现代,杂交水稻等一系列富含高新技术的农产品问世,使得我国用世界1/7的土地,养活了世界上1/3的人口,并且一跃成为世界五大产粮大国之一.这些都是我们值得欣喜和骄傲的成绩.然而,在这些成绩的背后,我们同样要清醒的看到,现阶段的主要任务已远不止满足广大人民的粮食需求,而是要更进一步,关注粮食等食品的安全问题.我国目前正在法制化道路上不断前行,与粮食安全相关的各项法律法规还在逐渐地建立健全.     

Effect of steaming on the rheological characteristics of wheat flour dough

 The effect of steaming on the various rheological characteristics of wheat flour dough was studied. Steaming of flours at atmospheric pressure for 15 min completely denatured the gluten and reduced the water absorption capacity from 58.4% to 45.0%. Even steaming for just 5 min increased the resistance to extension considerably from 500 BU (Brabender Units) to 1000 BU and the ratio figure (resistance to extension/extensibility) from 4.2 to 27.4, indicating stiffening of the dough. The dough made from steamed flour had a higher hardness value of 91.1 N than the dough made from raw wheat flour which had a value of 51.1 N. The pasting characteristics of flour steamed for 15 min measured in a Rapid Visco Analyser showed increased peak viscosity from 218 rapid visco units (RVU) to 257 RVU as well as increased cold paste viscosity from 175 RVU to 200 RVU and increased hot paste viscosity from 94 RVU to 108 RVU for flour steamed for 15 min. Received: 4 August 1998 / Revised version: 23 October 1998     

小麦淀粉粒机械损伤程度与面粉品质关系

以河南优质小麦品种——矮抗58为试验材料,研究小麦淀粉机械损伤程度与面粉品质之间的关系.结果表明:机械粉碎强度可以控制淀粉粒的损伤程度,粉碎强度从0Hz增加到130Hz,损伤淀粉含量增加了5.52％,而面粉的平均粒度从70.94μm降到14.77μm;面粉的降落数值和沉降数值与损伤淀粉含量分别呈负相关和正相关;面粉中面筋的含量和质量与损伤淀粉含量关系不大;淀粉损伤程度与面粉的吸水率呈正相关;损伤淀粉含量在6.54％～9.66％时,面粉的稳定时间变化不大,当损伤淀粉含量增加到12.06％时,面粉的稳定时间降低;面团的发酵稳定性随着淀粉损伤含量的增加而呈递减趋势,面团水平总体上随着损伤淀粉含量的增加而呈递增趋势.