有源超常材料的研究及应用

超常材料是具有自然材料所不具备的超常物理性质的一类人工电磁材料。由于本身具有损耗大、工作带宽窄等缺点严重限制了其应用研究,尤其是在太赫兹和光波频段。在金属微结构单元结合某种非线性材料(半导体、量子结、量子阱等)构成复合型超常材料,或者改变超常材料的外部激励(如温度、光激励、电磁场等)可以控制其整体特性,实现抵消材料损耗、调控它对电磁波的响应强度和频谱范围。本论文总结了有源超常材料在各频段的研究进展及应用。     

超构材料的量子光学效应

超构材料作为一种新型人工微结构材料,由于它可以提供自然界不存在或者难以实现的特殊性质,受到了广泛的关注。本研究组基于LC回路模型的量子化方法,研究了超构材料的元激发,并引入了准粒子的概念。使用双光子干涉的方法,证明了超构材料具有量子特性,并验证了量子化方法的正确性。基于这套量子化方法,进一步研究了超构材料与活性材料相互作用的问题,发现这个体系可以产生受激辐射放大的效应。这些结果表明,超构材料不但可以有效的调控经典光,在量子光学方面也有潜在的应用前景。     

基于智能算法的超材料快速优化设计方法研究进展

目前,超材料研究不断向工程化应用推进,在物理机理与效应、设计理论与方法、加工制备与测试等方面取得了突飞猛进的发展。但是,传统的超材料设计主要依赖人工设计和优化,面对大规模的工程化应用设计时,无法实现数量庞大的超材料结构单元的快速整体设计。近几年,涵盖传统启发式算法和神经网络算法的智能算法在超材料设计中所占的比重逐步上升...     

光控电磁超材料研究进展

电磁超材料是由亚波长尺寸单元周期或非周期排列组成的人工结构,能对电磁波的频率、幅度、相位和极化等基本物理特征进行调控,突破了传统材料的限制,可实现很多自然界不存在的有趣物理现象及应用。过去二十余年,超材料因其强大的电磁调控能力一直是物理领域的研究热点。但无源超材料在电磁波调控中存在局限性,如工作频率固定、实现功能单一等...     

太赫兹超常材料及应用

超常材料具有人工设计的结构,并有自然材料所不具备的超常物理性质。超常材料的电磁响应灵活可调,对太赫兹(THz)技术意义非凡。THz超常材料的实现和迅速发展为太赫兹技术的发展和应用带来了新的机遇。总结了THz波段超常材料的研究进展,包括THz波段超常材料的构造及制备、基于超常材料的THz波器件以及超常材料在THz波技术中的其他应用。     

太赫兹波段电磁超介质的应用及研究进展

太赫兹波和电磁超介质是电磁学领域关注的热点.太赫兹波与电磁超介质相互作用可以实现对太赫兹波的操纵和调控,有望填补"太赫兹空白".介绍了太赫兹波段电磁超介质的研究进展,包括电磁超介质电磁性能可调谐的实施途径,电磁超介质在太赫兹功能器件方面的应用(调制器/开关、传感器/探测器、滤波器、偏振元件和吸波器),太赫兹波段表面等离...     

How Far Are We from Making Metamaterials by Self‐Organization? The Microstructure of Highly Anisotropic Particles with an SRR‐Like Geometry

Metamaterials offer new unusual electromagnetic properties, which have already been demonstrated, and many postulated new functionalities are yet to be realized. Currently, however, metamaterials are mostly limited by narrow band behavior, high losses, and limitation in making genuinely 3D materials. In order to overcome these problems an overlap between metamaterial concepts and materials science is necessary. Engineered self‐organization is presented as a future approach to metamaterial manufacturing. Using directional solidification of eutectics, the first experimental realization of self‐organized particles with a split‐ring resonator‐like cross section is demonstrated. This unusual morphology/microstructure of the eutectic composite has a fractal character. With the use of TEM and XRD the clear influence of the atomic crystal arrangement on the microstructure geometry is presented. The materials obtained present very high anisotropy and can be obtained in large pieces. Metallodielectric structures can be created by etching and filling the space with metal. The next steps in the development of self‐organized materials exhibiting unusual properties are discussed.     

太赫兹多波段的电磁诱导透明设计与分析

设计了一种超材料三维模型,由闭合方环和4个开口谐振方环通过正、反向双开口方环与闭合方环相互耦合来组成,在太赫兹范围内具有多波段电磁诱导透明(EIT)效应。该结构分别实现了在1.21、1.46、1.61、1.98 THz这四波段的电磁诱导透明现象,并且谐振强度均达到0.9左右。通过将结构单元进行拆分并相互对比分析,研究了该超材料结构产生多波段EIT效应的物理机理,并重点分析了开口大小、闭合方环尺寸对EIT强度与带宽的影响。通过对三维立体结构仿真分析可知,所设计的超材料不仅在多个波段获得了较高的折射率灵敏度,还具有高强度、多频点的慢光效应。因此,其在折射率传感与光缓存器件等领域,具有良好的应用前景。     

Super-Resolution Focusing Using Volumetric, Broadband NRI Media

We describe the design, fabrication and testing of broadband negative permeability and broadband negative-refractive-index (NRI) metamaterials. The NRI metamaterial is designed to address two major limitations of current NRI media: high loss and narrow bandwidth of operation. The proposed NRI design has a backward-wave bandwidth of 44.3%. This large bandwidth allows the structure to operate away from resonant frequencies, where the loss is significantly lower. The stopband characteristics of a $lambda_0/3$ slab of the negative permeability medium were measured. In addition, the focusing characteristics of the NRI medium were tested and resolution beyond the diffraction limit was experimentally observed. The slab measured in this paper achieved a resolution enhancement of 2.0 over a bandwidth of 0.33%.      

异向性材料的多带特性研究及在天线中的应用

设计了一种由两种不同谐振单元套构而成并按周期排列组成的平面型异向性材料,该平面结构由三角形和五边型的金属贴片周期平铺构成上表面,并通过金属化导孔与下底板的金属底板连接.实验和数值模拟显示这类表面的横电模式极化和横磁模式极化的表面波具有多带隙的丰富能带结构,同时它还有多个磁性谐振频率,实验和理论显示这些磁性谐振所对应的多个同位相反射区落在两个表面波带隙中.该研究提供了一种多带的平面型异向性结构的设计思想,在天线基板和微波电路噪声抑制中具有广泛的应用.     

能信协同超材料理论及关键技术

能信协同超材料(Collaborative Power and Information Metamaterials, CPIM)是将电磁超材料与无线能量传输(Wireless Power Transfer, WPT)、无线能量收集(Wireless Energy Harvesting, WEH)和无线信息传输(Wireless Information Transfer, WIT)有机融合的前沿领域,旨在实现能量与信息的高效协同传输和控制。CPIM器件凭借其灵活调控电磁波的能力和低成本、低能耗、低重量的优点可以有效解决大量低功耗设备的供能问题,同时保证高质量的通信传输。将能量与信息的多重功能融合于可操控的超材料器件中,以实现更紧凑、高效的能信协同传输效应。针对CPIM的工作基本原理和广泛实用性的应用场景,文章围绕WPT、WEH、WIT三大核心部分进行深入讨论和分析,并阐述了CPIM器件的工作原理和设计方法。最后给出了CPIM在未来的潜在研究和应用方向。文章旨在为研究人员提供基于超材料的能信协同传输技术的趋势和应用分析,推动无线通信和能源系统向更高效、智能化的方向发展。     

Inverse Design of Mechanical Metamaterials That Undergo Buckling

Metamaterials are man‐made materials which get their properties from their structure rather than their chemical composition. Their mesostructure is specifically designed to create functionalities not found in nature. However, despite the broad variety of metamaterials developed in recent years, a straightforward procedure to design these complex materials with tailored properties has not yet been established. Here, the inverse design problem is tackled by introducing a general optimization tool to explore the range of material properties that can be achieved. Specifically, a stochastic optimization algorithm is applied and its applicability to disjoint problems is demonstrated, with a focus on tuning the buckling properties of mechanical metamaterials, including experimental verification of the predictions. Besides this problem, this algorithm can be applied to a large variety of systems that, because of their complexity, would be challenging otherwise. Potential applications range from the design of optomechanical resonators, acoustic band gap materials, to dielectric metasurfaces.     

High gain multiband and frequency reconfigurable metamaterial superstrate microstrip patch antenna for C/X/Ku-band wireless network applications

Wireless Networks - We present a metamaterial superstrate based microstrip patch antenna with PIN diode switches applicable for wireless network applications. Metamaterials in the form of square...     

非线性左手材料中的背向参量放大

基于电磁场理论,推导了非线性左手材料中的差频耦合波方程,以及相位匹配条件下介质内信号波与闲频波放大过程和场分布。发现有限厚度的非线性左手介质,可补偿损耗的影响,能够得到比右手介质更大的信号波和闲频波能量输出。提出非线性左手背向参量振荡器,在一定的泵浦条件下,不需要外加谐振腔也可以产生振荡。这为非线性左手材料在参量放大器中的应用奠定了理论基础。     

Electrodynamic models of thin-layer metamaterials and devices based on such metamaterials

Results of studies in the theory and applications of thin-layer metamaterials are presented. The studies involve modeling and realization of superresolution devices. It is found that rigorous electrodynamic models that are not based on homogenization of composites should be preferred in modeling devices with metamaterials. Differences between a real composite and a hypothetic homogeneous metasubstance are revealed. The conclusion that loss in a metamaterial can be compensated with the help of active insertions is drawn. The directions of further research are indicated.     

A metamaterial terahertz modulator based on complementary planar double-split-ring resonator

A metamaterial based on complementary planar double-split-ring resonator (DSRR) structure is presented and demonstrated, which can optically tune the transmission of the terahertz (THz) wave. Unlike the traditional DSRR metamaterials, the DSRR discussed in this paper consists of two split rings connected by two bridges. Numerical simulations with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method reveal that the transmission spectra of the original and the complementary metamaterials are both in good agreement with Babinet’s principle. Then by increasing the carrier density of the intrinsic GaAs substrate, the magnetic response of the complementary special DSRR metamaterial can be weakened or even turned off. This metamaterial structure is promised to be a narrow-band THz modulator with response time of several nanoseconds.     

Modulating the Near Field Coupling through Resonator Displacement in Planar Terahertz Metamaterials

We present the effect of vertical displacements between the resonators inside the unit cell of planar coupled metamaterials on their near field coupling and hence on the terahertz (THz) wave modulation. The metamolecule design consists of two planar split- ring resonators (SRRs) in a unit cell which are coupled through their near fields. The numerically simulated transmission spectrum is found to have split resonances due to the resonance mode hybridization effect. With the increase in displacement between the near field coupled SRRs, this metamaterial system shows a transition from coupled to uncoupled state through merging of the split resonances to the single intrinsic resonance. We have used a semi-analytical model describing the effect of displacements between the resonators and determine that it can predict the numerically simulated results. The outcome could be useful in modulating the terahertz waves employing near field coupled metamaterials, hence, can be useful in the development of terahertz modulators and frequency tunable devices in future.     

Josephson Plasmon Resonance in Tl2Ba2CaCu2O8 High-Temperature Superconductor Tunable Terahertz Metamaterials

The Josephson plasmon resonance (JPR) offers a valuable probe to investigate the superconductivity in layered cuprate superconductors. However, the coupling between free space radiation and JPR in high-temperature superconductor (HTS) film remains challenging because the excitation of JPR demands the c-axis oriented electric field. The subwavelength resonators in metamaterials can enhance the localized electric field, which can be utilized to resolve this difficulty. Here, a tunable terahertz (THz) metamaterial made from Tl₂Ba₂CaCu₂O₈ (Tl-2212) HTS film is developed. The spectral response of Tl-2212 metamaterial has a tunable property at temperatures up to 90 K. The resonant excitation of Josephson plasmon in the metamaterial is observed. Simulation results indicate that the scattering of subwavelength resonators can provide the component of the z-axis electric field for the resonant excitation. The coupling between JPR and resonance modes of metamaterials is observed and explained using coupled mode theory. The temperature dependence of JPR frequency shows accordance with the experimental results of the pure film. This work provides an avenue to excite the JPR and probe superconducting condensate in the layered superconductor. The development of Josephson plasmonic metamaterials may contribute to tunable and nonlinear THz devices.     

基于近零介电常数超材料的液晶可调带通滤波器设计方法研究

可调带通滤波器是物联网、卫星通信、智能天线等系统中不可缺少的关键器件之一。针对目前对可调带通滤波器小型化、低成本和高集成度等特点的应用需求,提出了一种基于液晶材料的可调带通滤波器设计方法。通过微带传输线结构实现了近零介电常数(epsilon near zero,ENZ)超材料单元结构的设计,并利用ENZ超材料的窄通道隧穿效应有效实现了窄带滤波功能,通过将3个ENZ超材料单元结构串联从而完成了带通滤波器基本结构的设计。在此基础上,将微波液晶材料引入ENZ超材料的隧穿通道中,利用液晶材料在外部驱动电压作用下介电参数可变的特性,最终实现了对带通滤波特性的有效调控。全波数值仿真结果表明,所提出的基于ENZ超材料的液晶带通滤波器能够实现中心频率15.88~16.73 GHz的调控,从而验证了设计方法的有效性。     

THz超材料的明暗模式耦合效应

随着人工超材料对电磁诱导透明（EIT）现象的成功模拟,超材料明暗模间的耦合机制引起了广泛关注。回顾了近年来在太赫兹（THz）波段基于人工超材料的明暗模耦合效应的相关研究进展,包括平面结构EIT效应,立体结构EIT效应,明暗模垂直耦合电磁诱导吸收（EIA）效应,以及表面波非对称激发。组成超材料的单元结构内部的模式耦合机制对超材料的远场近场响应具有决定性的作用,其不同的耦合机制在光开关、慢光器件、光传感器、片上系统等的设计方面有重大的潜在应用价值。