隔热挡板厚度对DD6单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响

单晶凝固过程中隔热挡板的控制对温度梯度及温度场均匀性有重要影响,进而会影响到单晶凝固组织,因此需要对隔热挡板进行研究。采用第二代单晶高温合金DD6,研究了不同厚度隔热挡板对DD6单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响。结果表明,随着隔热挡板厚度增加,单晶凝固过程中温度梯度降低,但晶体生长方向与[001]偏离度变小。此外,随着隔热挡板厚度增加,DD6单晶高温合金一次枝晶间距增大,γ-γ′共晶含量和尺寸增加,枝晶干与枝晶间的铸态γ′尺寸略有增加,合金主要元素偏析加大。     

电磁场对镍基单晶高温合金组织的影响

利用定向凝固技术,通过改变石墨套厚度获得不同强度的磁场,研究了通电感应线圈产生的磁场对DD90单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响规律,同时结合Ansys有限元分析对合金熔体内磁场、流场分布进行了模拟。结果表明:当石墨套厚度为10～30 mm时,单晶性保持完好;随石墨套厚度的增加一次枝晶间距变大,二次枝晶间距变化规律与之相反,铸态组织析出相g′的尺寸、共晶组织含量明显增加,元素偏析增大。合金熔体内磁场、流场的Ansys有限元模拟表明,随石墨套厚度的增加,熔体内磁场强度、流速均逐渐减弱。在此基础上,从磁场作用下热电磁对流和熔体流动的角度对结果进行了分析和讨论。     

纵向磁场对不同尺寸定向凝固高温合金DZ417G组织的影响

进行了外加纵向静磁场下高温合金DZ417G的定向凝固实验,考察了纵向磁场对不同尺寸试样凝固组织形貌的影响.结果显示,在温度悌度为70℃/cm,抽拉速率为5μm/s时,施加磁场后一次枝晶间距减小,并在试样边缘出现等轴晶组织;随着试样尺寸的增大,在试样边缘和中心的柱状枝晶组织遭到破坏,形成等轴晶组织,且出现"斑状"偏析.这些现象可归结为磁场在固/液界面前沿合金熔体中诱发的热电磁对流(TEMC)所致.     

Effect of Section Size on the Microstructure of Thin-walled Specimen of DD6 Single Crystal Superalloy

制备不同截面尺寸的单晶高温合金精铸薄壁试样,研究了截面尺寸对DD6单晶高温合金精铸薄壁试样组织的影响规律。结果表明：随着截面尺寸的减小,铸态单晶高温合金精铸薄壁试样一次枝晶间距和共晶含量出现先减小后增大的现象,热处理态单晶高温合金精铸薄壁试样枝晶干γ’相平均尺寸逐渐减小。截面尺寸的适当减小有利于减轻枝晶元素偏析程度,但当截面尺寸减小到0.5 mm时,枝晶元素偏析程度反而增大     

横向磁场对镍基高温合金定向凝固组织的影响

研究了横向磁场对镍基高温合金DZ417G定向凝固显微组织的影响. 在较低生长速率条件下, 磁场显著影响合金的枝晶生长和宏观偏析. 施加磁场后一次枝晶间距减小并在沿磁场方向试样的左侧出现了“斑状”偏析. 随着生长速率的增加, 磁场的影响减弱. 从磁场在合金熔体中诱发热电磁对流, 并影响枝晶生长的角度对实验结果进行了分析.     

截面尺寸对DD6单晶高温合金精铸薄壁试样组织的影响（英文）

制备不同截面尺寸的单晶高温合金精铸薄壁试样,研究了截面尺寸对DD6单晶高温合金精铸薄壁试样组织的影响规律。结果表明:随着截面尺寸的减小,铸态单晶高温合金精铸薄壁试样一次枝晶间距和共晶含量出现先减小后增大的现象,热处理态单晶高温合金精铸薄壁试样枝晶干γ’相平均尺寸逐渐减小。截面尺寸的适当减小有利于减轻枝晶元素偏析程度,但当截面尺寸减小到0.5 mm时,枝晶元素偏析程度反而增大。     

中速生长条件下单晶高温合金组织及偏析研究

本文利用高梯度定向凝固设备研究了镍基高温合金在中等凝固速率条件下枝晶组织和偏析变化的基本规律,实验发现采用高梯度定向凝固技术可以得到具有超细枝晶组织的单晶高温合金材料,枝晶偏析在低速生长时随冷却速率的增加而增加,而在高速生长时形成的超细枝晶组织中,枝晶偏析随冷却速率的增加而减小。     

Ni添加量对Co-Al-W基单晶高温合金凝固特性的影响

基于实验研究、热力学计算与动力学分析,研究了Ni含量对Co-Al-W基单晶高温合金凝固特性的影响。结果表明：无Ni和添加Ni的Co基单晶高温合金均具有典型的枝晶组织,但Ni的添加增大了合金的一次枝晶间距。同时,Ni的添加增大了Al和W元素的显微偏析倾向,降低了Ta元素的显微偏析倾向,但对Ti元素的显微偏析倾向的影响较小。无Ni合金的枝晶间析出相为初生γ′相和(β+γ′)共晶相,而含Ni合金的枝晶间析出相为初生γ′相,即Ni的添加改变了合金的凝固路径与铸态组织。同时,Ni的添加对Co-Al-W基单晶高温合金凝固特征温度的影响不明显。     

抽拉速率对DD5单晶高温合金定向凝固组织及偏析的影响

研究了高速凝固条件下抽拉速率对DD5单晶高温合金定向凝固组织的影响。结果表明：随着抽拉速率的增大,DD5合金枝晶组织逐渐细化,一次枝晶间距减小;偏析程度加重;γ′相尺寸减小且趋于规则的立方状,枝晶干γ′相的尺寸小于枝晶间;γ/γ′共晶含量、碳化物含量和显微疏松随抽拉速率增大而增加,而γ/γ′共晶和碳化物的尺寸减小。     

抽拉速率对含Ru镍基单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响

研究了不同抽拉速率对含Ru镍基单晶高温合金凝固组织的影响.结果表明,随着抽拉速率的加快,单晶合金的铸态组织由粗枝状晶向细枝状晶演变,枝晶干和枝晶间的γ′相尺寸减少,合金元素的偏析降低,γ-γ'共晶含量减少,NiAl基β相含量逐渐降低.同时,抽拉速率对合金的相变温度影响不大.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。