几种防治梨黑星病化学药剂的筛选

[目的]进一步明确20％烯肟菌胺·戊唑醇悬浮剂对梨黑星病的防治效果并推广应用于生产实践.[方法]20％烯肟菌胺·戊唑醇悬浮剂200、100、50 mg/L三个处理喷施,防治梨黑星病,以250 g/L嘧菌酯悬浮剂200 mg/L、5％己唑醇微乳剂50 mg/L等药剂为对照,另设不喷药的空白对照.[结果]20％烯肟菌胺·戊唑醇悬浮剂对梨黑星病具有较好的防治效果,在100～200 g a.i./hm2的处理剂量下,间隔10～15 d,在生长季连续施药4～5次,能够有效控制梨黑星病,防治效果优于腈菌唑乳油、代森锰锌可湿性粉剂等常规药剂,且对供试作物安全.[结论]20％烯肟菌胺·戊唑醇悬浮剂可有效控制梨黑星病,有较高的推广应用价值.     

Strobilurins类杀菌剂对苹果病害的防控作用

[目的]明确几种strobilurins类杀菌剂对苹果病害的防治效果。[方法]进行田间小区防治苹果病害试验。[结果]60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联WG 500 mg/L、75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇WG 150 mg/L、18%烯肟菌酯·氟环唑SC120 mg/L、20%烯肟菌胺·戊唑醇SC 150 mg/L,间隔10~15 d,连续施药4~6次,能够有效控制苹果主要病害的为害。[结论]60%吡唑醚菌酯·代森联WG、75%肟菌酯·戊唑醇WG、18%烯肟菌酯·氟环唑SC和20%烯肟菌胺·戊唑醇SC对几种苹果病害有良好的防治效果,可以在苹果病害防治上推广应用。     

肟菌酯和戊唑醇在马铃薯种植体系中的沉积和降解行为

[目的]系统评价戊唑醇和肟菌酯及其代谢产物肟菌酸在马铃薯种植体系中的沉积、降解、累积等残留行为.[方法]建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)残留分析方法,通过残留田间试验,对不同剂量条件下马铃薯植株和块茎中肟菌酯、肟菌酸和戊唑醇的残留量进行了测定.[结果]在0.02～20.0 mg/kg的添加水平下,...     

黄瓜和土壤中甲基硫菌灵·戊唑醇的残留分析

[方法]建立了在黄瓜及土壤中共同提取甲基硫菌灵和戊唑醇的残留分析方法.样品经丙酮提取,醋酸铅氯化钠盐析后,二氯甲烷萃取净化,最后采用气相色谱和高效液相色谱测定.[结果]戊唑醇和甲基硫菌灵在黄瓜和土壤中的最低检测质量分数分别为0.005、0.01 mg/kg;最小检出量分别为0.1×10-10、0.29×10-9 g;添加回收率分别为88.44％～96.13％、85.33％～93.86％;变异系数分别为1.93％～4.18％、3.51％～4.68％.[结论]建立的方法准确精密,能够满足农药残留分析的要求.     

气相色谱方法测定大豆中丙环唑残留

[方法]研究了丙环唑在大豆中的残留分析方法.样品用乙腈提取,弗罗里硅土净化,采用DB-5ms毛细管色谱柱气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法进行测定.[结果]在该条件下,其最小检出质量分数为0.02 mg/kg,平均添加回收率为85.5％～108.2％,相对标准偏差为4.9％～18.4％.[结论]建立了一套快速、简便、灵敏的大豆中丙环唑残留气相色谱检测方法.     

浙江省新昌茶叶灰斑病的敏感性测定及田间药效

[目的]通过室内毒力测定和田间药效试验筛选出对茶叶灰斑病具有良好抑制效果的杀菌剂。[方法]采用生长速率法进行了药剂敏感性测定,并对茶叶灰斑病高度敏感的药剂进行了田间药效试验。[结果]室内药剂敏感性测定结果表明:45%咪鲜胺EC、38%唑醚·啶酰菌WG、250 g/L丙环唑EC、65%代森锌WP、70%甲基硫菌灵WP、250g/L吡唑醚菌酯EC、42.8%氟菌·肟菌脂SC、10%苯醚甲环唑WG、25 g/L咯菌腈SD、10%己唑醇SC、325 g/L苯甲·嘧菌酯SC、430 g/L戊唑醇SC和500 g/L异菌脲WP对茶叶灰斑病菌丝生长的抑制效果很好(EC501 mg/L)。田间药效结果表明:45%咪鲜胺EC、250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯EC、250 g/L丙环唑EC、30%嘧菌脂SC和50%异菌脲WP对茶叶灰斑病均有较好的防效。[结论] 45%咪鲜胺EC、250 g/L吡唑醚菌酯EC和50%异菌脲WP均为高效药剂,可生产上推荐使用;为减缓抗药性产生,宜交替使用。     

HPLC-MS/MS法检测琯溪蜜柚中戊唑醇、烯肟菌胺残留量及套袋对残留的影响

[目的]为评价戊唑醇和烯肟菌胺在琯溪蜜柚上使用的安全性,研究其残留降解动态。[方法]设计套袋和非套袋2种处理,20%戊唑醇·烯肟菌胺悬浮剂按推荐剂量和加倍推荐剂量在蜜柚上各施药1次进行田间试验,高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行残留检测。[结果]戊唑醇和烯肟菌胺在蜜柚上的降解规律均符合一级动力学关系,戊唑醇采用套袋时的半衰期(T_(1/2))为6.22～6.64 d,未采用套袋的T_(1/2)为6.48～7.15 d;烯肟菌胺采用套袋时的T_(1/2)为5.93～6.41 d,未采用套袋的T_(1/2)为4.69～4.94 d。[结论]烯肟菌胺在采用套袋时的半衰期大于未采用套袋的半衰期,但套袋对戊唑醇的半衰期没有明显影响。施药后65 d最终产品中均未检出戊唑醇和烯肟菌胺残留。     

QuEChERS-气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法测定黄瓜中苯醚菌酯和苯并烯氟菌唑残留量

[目的]建立基于QuEChERS前处理技术结合气相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法检测黄瓜中2种杀菌剂(苯醚菌酯和苯并烯氟菌唑)残留量的分析方法。[方法]样品采用乙腈提取,QuEChERS净化,基质匹配曲线内标法定量,用DB-1701色谱柱分离。通过对质谱条件进行优化,确定2种杀菌剂的定量离子对、定性离子对和碰撞能。[结果] 2种杀菌剂在5～500μg/L范围内都具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9996、0.9979,平均回收率范围均处于73.7%～85.0%之间,相对标准偏差(RSDs,n=7)为5.7%～7.2%,定量限分别为0.002 02、0.001 76 mg/kg。在黄瓜基质中,2种目标物均表现为基质效应增强。[结论]方法具有快速、简便、灵敏等特点,适用于黄瓜中苯醚菌酯和苯并烯氟菌唑含量的测定。     

26种杀菌剂对橡胶粉孢的毒力测定

开展孢子萌发试验和室内盆栽试验测定26种杀菌剂对橡胶树白粉病菌的毒力.结果表明:在抑制病原菌孢子萌发的能力方面,吡唑醚菌酯、唑胺菌酯、氟菌螨酯、醚菌酯、烯肟菌胺、唑菌酯、氟菌唑、嘧菌酯、氟环唑、四氟醚唑、氟硅唑、乙嘧酚强于三唑酮,苯醚甲环唑、福美双与三唑酮相当;在抑制菌丝生长的能力方面,氟菌唑、唑菌酯、氟菌螨酯强于三唑酮,氟环唑、唑胺菌酯、氟硅唑、吡唑醚菌酯接近三唑酮,四氟醚唑稍弱于三唑酮.氟菌唑、唑菌酯、氟菌螨酯、氟环唑、唑胺菌酯、氟硅唑、吡唑醚菌酯、四氟醚唑8种杀菌剂可作为防治橡胶树白粉病的备选药剂.     

农产品中嘧菌酯残留量的气相色谱法测定

[目的]检测大米、小麦、玉米等农产品基质中嘧菌酯的残留量.[方法]采用乙腈均质提取,固相萃取柱净化,气相色谱一电子捕获检测器检测.[结果]嘧菌酯在0.01~1.0 mg/kg范围内呈线性关系,相关系数大于0.999.高、中、低3档标准添加回收率为78%~105%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于12.5%,方法检出限0.002 mg/kg,定量限0.005 mg/kg.[结论]方法具有快速、灵敏和简便等优点.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。