光阶分器及其网络的设计与应用

光分路器的光路数目及其分光比,通常都是由网络设计者根据网络具体结构设计完成的,每个光分路器都需由生产厂家特制,大大增加了成本造价,而且在网络中的位置都是固定的,不能互换和替代,没有通用性。根据目前光接收机输入光功率动态范围都比较宽的特点,为便于光分路器的设计、生产、销售、使用、备份和维修,有必要将光分路器规范化、系列化,做成为数不多的几种型号和规格,供网络设计者选用。通过实例介绍了用几种实用的光阶分器设计和构建多元光阶分网络的原理与方法。     

带腰架结构的自由振动研究

提出由三个基本部分组合而成的分析模型，考虑了内核质量、腰架质量和外围护墙质量的影响，利用传递矩阵方法，对带腰架结构进行动力研究，分析了结构的质量分布及各结构参数的变化对结构动力性态的影响。研究表明，当腰架位置高于0.4H时，外围护墙质量、腰架质量对自振频率的影响较大，减轻外围护墙和腰架的质量，结构的自振频率增大，刚度提高；最佳腰架位置（使自振频率最大）随外围护墙质量、腰架质量的增加而降低，其变化范围在0.4H-0.6H之间，与静态分析中顶端位移最小的腰架位置颇为接近。     

串联缓冲结构压缩响应虚拟质量分析

为研究串联缓冲结构的压缩响应,基于缓冲材料的本构关系,提出虚拟质量方法.该方法通过引入虚拟质量,将串联缓冲结构的准静态压缩用动态方程表示,并采用Runge-Kutta法求解.对EBE楞瓦楞纸板和发泡聚乙烯的3种组合串联板的等效应力-应变关系进行分析, 计算结果与试验数据吻合较好,验证了提出方法的有效性;分析讨论串联数量和串联顺序对等效应力-应变曲线的影响,计算结果表明,瓦楞纸板串联结构的等效应力-应变曲线上峰值点数等于串联结构中瓦楞芯纸的数目,而发泡聚乙烯串联结构的应力-应变曲线不随串联数的变化而变化,材料的串联顺序对串联缓冲结构的等效性能影响不大.     

加速器质谱在核科学中的应用

加速器质谱( accelerator mass spectrometry, AMS)是基于加速器和离子探测器的一种高能质谱,属于一种同位素质谱( mass spectroscopy, MS),它克服了传统MS存在的分子本底和同量异位素本底干扰,因此同位素丰度灵敏度很高,对14 C( T1/2=5730 a)、10 Be( T1/2=1．5×106 a)和36 Cl( T1/2=3．0×105 a)等核素测量的丰度灵敏度均达10-15(传统MS的同位素丰度灵敏度最高为10-8).因此, AMS具有极其广泛的应用前景.简述AMS原理、技术和发展现状,介绍中国原子能科学研究院的AMS技术,及该技术在核科学与技术中的应用研究进展,包括长寿命核素半衰期的测量(如79 Se ),核反应微小截面的测量(如238U(n,3n)236U),长寿命谷区裂变产物核测量以及129I的AMS测量作为核设施监测、核环境与核应急检测的新方法等.     

液冷系统中均热板气液相变的热质传输模拟

为提高电池热管理液冷系统的均温性,研究一种铝槽式均热板和直流式液冷板相结合的复合液冷系统,并建立相应的三维传热模型。采用Volume-of-fluid(VOF)多相流模型,模拟均热板槽道内丙酮工质的气液相变过程,以及与液冷流道的耦合传热过程,并将模拟结果与实验结果进行了对比,验证了模型的正确性。研究结果显示,均热板可以提高液冷系统散热过程中的均温性,加热表面的温差可以控制在2.72 K以内。通过机理分析发现,其原因与均热板内部气液工质的热质传输过程有关。在液冷系统冷却液沿程温升的影响下,均热板腔室中的丙酮气相工质在长度方向上存在定向输运现象,相变产生的蒸汽会携带热量从高温区往低温区流动,从而抑制液冷板低温冷却水对加热表面温度分布的影响,提高了均温性能。     

VW-1-011型球笼式万向节星形套有限元分析

利用AGLOR有限元分析软件对星形套所处不同位置进行分析,得到了接触应力分布情况,从而为球笼式万向节星形套设计者提供一定的参考。     

高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定沥青树脂的相对分子量及其分布

应用高效液相色谱技术,采用凝胶色谱柱和示差折光检测器,对合成的萘沥青树脂进行了分析,测出了产品的相对分子量为550～1 200,相对分子量分布D=1.15～1.25。与质谱法和粘度法相比,建立的高效凝胶渗透色谱（HPGPC）法更简便、快速和准确,误差小于±2%,对沥青树脂的合成工艺具有指导意义。     

四极质谱数据采集控制技术的设计及FPGA的实现

设计了一种四极质谱的数据采集与存储缓冲控制逻辑。该设计基于预读取和分时复用技术能实现同时存储读取,采用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)控制SRAM存储器实现高速大容量的先进先出存储器(Frist in First out,FIFO),研制出结构简单的数据采集控制系统。该系统实现了1 M*16位FIFO缓冲存储和20 Mbps同时读写,并应用在四极杆质谱和四极离子阱质谱仪中,缩短了单次质谱分析的扫描时间。     

Determination of trace multi-elements in coal fly ash by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

The contents of Cr, Cu, Ni, As, Cd and Pb in coal fly ash were determined by a high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method. The sample digestions were performed in closed microwave vessels with HNO3, HClO4 and HF. The optimum conditions for the determination were obtained. The applicability of the proposed method was validated by the analysis of coal fly ash reference material (NIST SRM 1633a). The results show that most of the spectral interferences can be avoided by measuring in the high resolution mode (maximum mass resolution R=9 000). The detection limit is from 0.05 to 0.21 μg/g, and the precision is fine with relative standard deviation less than 4.3%.     

Identification of phosphorylation sites of proteins by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry

The phosphorylation sites of two phosphorylated proteins, bovine b-casein and myelin basic protein (MBP), were identified by high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QITMS). The tryptic digest of each protein was separated by HPLC, the molecular weight of each peptide was determined by ESI-QITMS on line, and MS/MS spectrum of each peptide was simultaneously obtained by the combination of collision-induced desorption (CID) technique and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of QITMS. The phosphorylated peptide was identified by looking into whether the difference between the observed and predicted molecular weights of a peptide is 80 u or its integral multiple. Then the phosphorylation site was identified through manual interpretation of the MS/MS spectrum of the phosphorylated peptide or automatic SEQUEST data base-searching.     

分散固相萃取-气质联用测定纺织品中的PFOS

建立了分散固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定纺织品中全氟辛烷磺酸的方法.在纺织品样品加入甲醇高速离心,提取液中加入N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）,震荡离心后,取上层清液与N,O-双（三甲基硅烷基）三氟乙酰胺（BSTFA）在60℃下衍生化反应60min后直接进样分析,在GC/MS离子选择模式下的定性和定量分析.在10～250μg/L范围内,PFOS具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.995 7.方法的加标回收率为80.7%～106%,检出限是9.42μg/L.     

数量结构重叠的语法功能与分布

数量结构重叠是汉语中一种常见的语法现象，四种常用的数量结构重叠形式具有强大的语法功能，它们在句子中可以充当主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补语等各种句法成分，但不同的形式担负的功能不完全相同，有不同的分布。     

Determination of trace elements in high purity gold by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Trace elements were determined in high purity gold by high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HR-ICP-MS). Sample were decomposed by aqua regia. To overcome some potentially problematic spectral interference, measurements were acquired in both medium and high resolution modes. The matrix effects due to the presence of excessive HCl and Au were evaluated. The optimum conditions for the determination was tested and discussed. The standard addition method was employed for quantitative analysis. The detection limits range from 0.01μg/g to 0.28μg/g depending on the elements. The method is accurate, quick and convenient. It has been applied to the determination of trace elements in high purity gold with satisfactory results. Funded by the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 05JJ40017) and Hunan Provincial Education Department of China (No. 07C029, 08C260)     

Trace amounts of impurities in electrolytic manganese metal by sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

An analytical method, using sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （SF-ICP-MS） for rapid simultaneous determination of Be, Na, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sn, Sb, Pb and Bi in electrolytic manganese metal, was described. At the beginning, the samples were decomposed by HNO3 and H2504, and then analyzed by SF-ICP-MS. Most of the spectral interferences could be avoided by measuring in different mass resolution modes. The matrix effects due to the excess of sulfuric acid and Mn were evaluated. Correction of matrix effects was conducted by using the internal standard elements. The optimum condition for the determination was investigated and discussed. The detection limit is in the range of 0.001-0.169 gg/L. The current method is applied to the determination of trace impurities in electrolytic manganese metal. And experiments show that good results can be obtained much faster, more accurately and conveniently by current method.     

三种中成药中乌头生物碱飞行时间质谱分析

对风湿骨康片、骨刺消痛胶囊和消痛灵酊3种中成药中的乌头生物碱提取分离后,进行基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时简质谱和电喷雾-四极杆飞行时间串联质谱分析.发现在这3种中成药中含有双酯型生物碱、其水解产物单酯生物碱以及尼奥灵类生物碱等11种生物碱.苯甲酰中乌头原碱是前两类口服药中的主要生物碱成分.而消痛灵酊中则以次乌头碱为主.     

固相萃取-气相色谱/三重四极杆质谱法同时分析蔬菜中的50种农药残留量

采用固相萃取-气相色谱/三重四极杆质谱(GC/MS/MS)法测定蔬菜中50种农药残留量.样品经乙腈提取、固相萃取小柱净化,用气相色谱-质谱/质谱法测定,外标法定量.50种农药在10～500 μg/L范围内线性关系良好,加标回收率在77.30％～116.91％之间,相对标准偏差均小于15％,定性检出限和定量检出限分别为0.1～5.0 μg/kg和0.3～16.7 μg/kg,可以满足欧盟、日本等国对蔬菜中农药残留量的限定要求.该方法具有简单快速,准确度和精密度高,适用于各种蔬菜中农药多残留量的检测和确证.     

好氧微生物基团内的基质分布与 NH+4的硝化特点分析

废水生物处理的微生物基团是以生物膜或悬浮絮体存在于体系内的，其中所含有的大量种群复杂的微生物与基质在微生物基团的分布密切相关．采用微小电极技术测定了微生物基团内DO浓度、NH4^ -N浓度的变化特点．结果表明：DO在微生物基团内的扩散深度在一定范围内随体系DO浓度增加而增加；微生物基团内硝化作用发生的范围与DO扩散深度直接相关；过高的DO浓度，由于受传质阻力的影响，其在微生物基团内的扩散深度并不会持续增加；体系DO高于2mg／L以上时的硝化效果基本接近．因此，生物硝化系统内DO为2mg／L时，既可满足硝化要求又可节约能量．     

Applicability of mass action law to sulphur distribution between slag melts and liquid iron

According to the mass action law and the coexistence theroy of slag structure,the calculating models of mass action concentration for CaO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2,CaO-MgO-MgO-FeO-Fe2O3-P2O5-SiO2 and CaO-MgO-MnO-FeO-Fe2O3-Al2O3-P2O5-SiO2 slag melts are formulated and sulphur distribution between the slag melts and liquid iron is treated.It is found that Cao,MnO and FeO promote desulphurization,while MgO is detrimental to desulphurization.In addition.the sulphur sidtribution coefficients between the slag melts and liquid are presented.     

地震能量的集中与耗散方法在TMD系统中的应用

在调谐质量阻尼器 (TunedMassDamper,以下简称TMD)的抗震控制中 ,引进能量集中与耗散的方法 ,通过计算机仿真实验对比 ,得出利用能量的集中与耗散方法得到的优化参数 ,更有利于TMD系统的宽频减振