Hybrid Architecture and VLSI Implementation of the Cosine–Fourier–Haar Transforms

This paper presents a VLSI implementation of a novel hybrid architecture that computes three 8-point 1-D transforms—the discrete cosine transform, the discrete Fourier transform, and the Haar wavelet transform—on a single chip. The architecture is developed on matrix factorization and row permutation algorithms, where the basis forward transformation matrices are decomposed into common submatrices which are then shared among the transforms. A two-level hardware mapping has been employed which is parallel, pipelined, and multiplexed. The hybrid architecture, the first of its kind, is implemented using 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The estimated die size of the hybrid processor is 0.203 sq. mm, the frequency of operation is 100 MHz, the gate count is 20,400, and the power consumption is 15.38 mW. Compared to the existing designs, the proposed hybrid scheme has less power density and higher frequency of operation, making it very suitable for modern multimedia-based transcoding applications.     

Microwave Synthesis and Characterization of the Series Co1−x Fe x Sb3 High Temperature Thermoelectric Materials

The use of microwave energy for materials processing has a major potential and real advantages over conventional heating such as (1) time and energy savings, (2) rapid heating rates (volumetric heating vs. conduction), (3) considerably reduced processing time and temperature, (4) fine microstructures and hence improved mechanical properties and better product performance, and (5) finally lower environmental impact. In this study, we investigated the use of microwave-assisted synthesis to synthesize a series of Co_1?x Fe _x Sb₃ using this novel approach, which gave high quality materials with little or no impurities in a fraction of the time needed for conventional synthesis. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to examine the structure and the lattice parameters of the samples, while scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy was used to study the morphology of the compounds. The samples were sintered by spark plasma sintering, and the highest ZT of 0.33 was obtained for x = 0.2 at 700 K.     

Summary of the First Generation High Temperature Superconducting Wire： Processing, Characterization and Applications

Silver-clad （Bi,Pb）2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10＋x long wires produced by powder-in-tube techniques, which have been recognized as the first generation of the High Temperature Superconducting （HTS） wires, are expected to apply widely especially in strong current applications. In this work, the processing, characterization and application of the silver-clad （Bi,Pb）2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ol0＋x HTS wires are summarized. The HTS wires are fabricated using the combination of powder-in-tube technique, and the resulting wires are fully characterized by the means of chemical analyses, microstructural observation, electrical and magnetic measurements. The relationship among fabrication parameters, chemical and microstructural characteristics, and electrical and magnetic properties are analyzed. Applications of the HTS wires have also been introduced according to their strong current behaviors with various prototype devices made.     

The Principle and Reflection on Determining the Mails'''' Whole Delivery Standard of Time Bound in the Postal Central Office System

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Comparative Studies of the Growth and Characterization of Germanium Epitaxial Film on Silicon (001) with 0° and 6° Offcut

The quality of germanium (Ge) epitaxial films grown directly on silicon (Si) (001) with 0° and 6° offcut orientation using a reduced-pressure chemical vapor deposition system is studied and compared. Ge film grown on Si (001) with 6° offcut presents ～65% higher threading dislocation density and higher root-mean-square (RMS) surface roughness (1.92 nm versus 0.98 nm) than Ge film grown on Si (001) with 0° offcut. Plan-view transmission electron microscopy also reveals that threading dislocations are more severe (in terms of contrast and density) for the 6° offcut. In addition, both high-resolution x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses show that the Ge epilayer on 6° offcut wafer presents higher tensile strain. The poorer quality of the Ge film on Si (001) with 6° offcut is a result of an imbalance in Burgers vectors that favors dislocation nucleation over annihilation.     

Authenticated Encryption: Relations among Notions and Analysis of the Generic Composition Paradigm

An authenticated encryption scheme is a symmetric encryption scheme whose goal is to provide both privacy and integrity. We consider two possible notions of authenticity for such schemes, namely integrity of plaintexts and integrity of ciphertexts, and relate them, when coupled with IND-CPA (indistinguishability under chosen-plaintext attack), to the standard notions of privacy IND-CCA and NM-CPA (indistinguishability under chosen-ciphertext attack and nonmalleability under chosen-plaintext attack) by presenting implications and separations between all notions considered. We then analyze the security of authenticated encryption schemes designed by “generic composition,” meaning making black-box use of a given symmetric encryption scheme and a given MAC. Three composition methods are considered, namely Encrypt-and-MAC, MAC-then-encrypt, and Encrypt-then-MAC. For each of these and for each notion of security, we indicate whether or not the resulting scheme meets the notion in question assuming that the given symmetric encryption scheme is secure against chosen-plaintext attack and the given MAC is unforgeable under chosen-message attack. We provide proofs for the cases where the answer is “yes” and counter-examples for the cases where the answer is “no.” M. Bellare’s work was supported in part by a 1996 Packard Foundation Fellowship in Science and Engineering, NSF CAREER Award CCR-9624439, NSF grants CNS-0524765 and CNS-0627779, and a gift from Intel Corporation. C. Namprempre’s work was supported in part by grants of the first author and the Thailand Research Fund.     

Performance Analysis of Tags Collection Time on A New Architecture of 2.4 GHz Embedded Active RFID System for Indoor and Outdoor Tracking and Monitoring Applications Based on IEEE 802.15.4 Standard

This paper focuses on the analysis of tags collection time of 2.4 GHz embedded active Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system for indoor and outdoor real-time tracking and monitoring applications based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The main novelty of the system is the implementation of the communication method in order to provide Machine to Machine (M2M) communication and automated switching mechanism between indoor and outdoor location by utilizing active RFID, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Global Positioning System (GPS) and mobile communication on a single platform. In this work, GPS receiver covers outdoor location tracking, while active RFID provides identification and Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) reading for each tag holder to cover indoor location tracking especially near or inside building where location information is not detected by GPS. Several experiments were conducted on three different RFID tags which were active RFID tag embedded with GPS and GSM (ERFIDG2), active RFID tag embedded with GPS (ERFIDG) and standalone RFID tag communicating with the same active RFID reader. The experiment was done to evaluate the communication performance of the active RFID in terms of tags collection time using Transparent (AT) and Application Programming Interface (API) mode. The experiment was extended to measure tags collection time in single hop and multi hops communication for Tag Talk First (TTF) and Reader Talk First (RTF) protocols. The results show that the proposed active RFID system (ERFIDG2) is better than the standalone and ERFIDG systems. The in-depth research done in this work is to study the experience and identify the challenges that will be faced in the development and implementation of a wireless RFID-based system for tracking and monitoring applications.     

Gibbs random fields on a lattice: Definitions,existence, uniqueness,and phase transitions (a review of proceedings of the seminar on statistical physics at the faculty of mechanics and mathematics of the Moscow state university in 1962–1994)

The Moscow Grand Seminar on Statistical Physics is one of the first seminars in the world devoted to rigorous methods in statistical physics. The achievements of the seminar can be appreciated in full measure from publications by the leaders of the seminar (R.L. Dobrushin, V.A. Malyshev, R.A. Minlos, Ya.G. Sinai). This paper presents a review (far from complete) of the proceedings of the seminar. The emphasis is made on the fundamental definitions and most important results.     

Regulation on the Appraisal Activities of The Products,Techniques and Applications Projects of BIRTV

I General Provisions 1.The Appraisal Activities of the Products,Techniques andApplications Projects of BIRTV is held for the purpose of strengthen-ing the technical advisory work and pilot role,and providing positiveguidance and effective assistance in the field of new technology     

Effect of Annealing on the Surface Morphology and Current–Voltage Characterization of a CZO Structure Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering

Semiconductors - In this study, we investigated the Cu-doped ZnO (CZO) structure. This structure was deposited on the Si and glass substrates using the RF magnetron sputtering technique....     

Investigations on the nanostructures of GaN,InN and InxGa1−xN

A controllable approach to the formation of III- nitride nanocrystalline structures using hydrothermal assisted method is presented. The structural and morphological properties of the prepared nanostructures are analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Fast Fourier Transformation and transmission electron microscope techniques. The temperature dependent structural formation of nitride nanostructures have been systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction. Raman spectra of the samples grown at optimized condition exhibited different phonon modes of the respective nitrides (GaN, InN and In_xGa_1−xN). Nanoparticles and nanorods formation of the indium nitride and indium gallium nitride are observed in the TEM micrographs. FFT analysis revealed that the synthesized III-nitride nanostructures are of good crystalline quality. Nanorods of these nitrides showed better crystalline quality than the nanoparticles in the FFT reflections.     

Theoretical studies on the hole transport property of tetrathienoarene derivatives: The influence of the position of sulfur atom,substituent and π-conjugated core

Chemical modifications such as changing the position of heteroatom, introducing different substituents and π-conjugated cores are powerful molecular design tools to modulate their optical and electrochemical performance. In this context, in-depth density functional theory investigations on the geometries, frontier molecular orbitals, reorganization energies, transfer integrals, anisotropic mobilities and band structures of tetrathienoarene derivatives were carried out to provide insights into the effects of these chemical modifications on their hole transport properties. The electrostatic potential, Hirshfeld surface analysis, energy decomposition analysis (EDA) and anisotropic mobility were also employed to shed light on the intricate interplays among molecular packings, intermolecular interactions and transport properties. It is found that compared with 2, 1a with sulfur atom inside has lower frontier orbital energy level, smaller reorganization energy and larger transfer integral and hole mobility. However, more S⋯S interactions in 2 could provide more effective transport channels for charge carrier transport. The introduction of hexylthienyl groups (1c) results in an enhancement of π–π interaction and leads to an increase in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and transfer integrals. Meanwhile, the strongest intermolecular interaction energy of pathway A in 1c renders its transport behavior with typical one-dimensional (1D) transport. Moreover, anthracene as the π-conjugated core seemed to possess better transport properties in comparison with dibenzothiophene or chrysene acting as core. In addition, the dispersion energy of all investigated compounds plays a leading role in determining the energetically accessible stacking motifs. We hope that our speculation would facilitate the future design and preparation of high-performance charge-transport materials.     

Data Service: Characteristics, Market Structure, and the Role of Operator

1　Introduction　Since the development of telecommunication technologymake the operator able to offer data service to subscribers inthe mid 1990s, operators of various countries have madeenormous efforts to develop data service. Currently, the ar gument on 3G ( 3rd Generation, International MobileTelecommunications 2000) focuses on how to find, develop,and popularize application services in data service markettoo. Some researchers propose that even NTT DoCoMo can n…     

Special Issue on “Future Convergence of Wired and Wireless Networks” (Selected Topics from the Strategic Workshop 2005)

Editorial

Special Issue on “Future Convergence of Wired and Wireless Networks” (Selected Topics from the Strategic Workshop 2005)     

Research on the Characteristic of the Disk-Loaded Waveguide,Rib-Loaded Disk-Loaded Waveguide and Helix Slow-Wave Structures

The fast development of modem electronicwarfare, broadband high power array radar system,high power jammer and microwave directional power weapon imposes high demand on high power microwave resource. With such features as high power,broadband, multi-mode, etc., traveling wave tubes(TWTs) play an important role in the high power microwave amplifiers. Since the slow-wave system is the core of beam-wave interaction in TWTs, the function and performance of it directly determine the capability of the TWTs.     

Effect of ICT integration on SC flexibility,agility and company’ performance: the Mexican maquiladora experience

Wireless Networks - This article reports a structural equation model (SEM) with four latent variables to measure the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICT)...     

Effects of lanthanum and sodium on the structural,optical and hydrophilic properties of sol–gel derived ZnO films: A comparative study

The technological applications of the transparent ZnO films could be broadened via incorporation of small amounts of some special elements. In this work, the optical and surface properties of the spin coated Zn_1−xM_xO films (M=Na or La and x≤0.075) grown on glass substrates, are reported. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) results, all films consist of a single phase with a hexagonal structure and the ZnO crystallites are preferentially oriented towards (002) direction. The plane surface of the pure ZnO film turned to be wrinkle network structure after Na and La addition. The reflectance (R%) of the films decreased after Na doping and significantly increased with increasing La content. The optical band gap of pure ZnO is 3.26 eV and red-shifted after Na and La incorporation. The dependence of the refractive index and film's wettability on the structural and morphological changes are reported. The obtained results of these two systems are compared with those of similar materials and some expected applications are explored.     

Effect of Annealing on the Dark and Illuminated I(V ) Characterization of a ZnO:Ga|Cu2O Hetero-Junction Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray System

Semiconductors - This paper presents the Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis system fabrication of gallium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Ga)|cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin film hetero-junction. The deposition parameters...