Multiserver support for large-scale distributed virtual environments

CyberWalk is a distributed virtual walkthrough system that we have developed. It allows users at different geographical locations to share information and interact within a shared virtual environment (VE) via a local network or through the Internet. In this paper, we illustrate that as the number of users exploring the VE increases, the server will quickly become the bottleneck. To enable good performance, CyberWalk utilizes multiple servers and employs an adaptive region partitioning technique to dynamically partition the whole VE into regions. All objects within each region will be managed by one server. Under normal circumstances, when a viewer is exploring a region, the server of that region will be responsible for serving all requests from the viewer. When a viewer is crossing the boundary of two or more regions, the servers of all the regions involved will be serving requests from the viewer since the viewer might be able to view objects within all these regions. This is analogous to evaluating a database query using a parallel database server, which could improve the performance of serving a viewer's request tremendously. We evaluate the performance of this multiserver architecture of CyberWalk via a detail simulation model.     

虚拟实景空间实时漫游的缓存与调度策略

集成各种媒体信息的虚拟现实空间必须首先能够提供一种具有沉浸感的实时空间漫游机制 ,保证用户在漫游过程中获得平滑的视觉效果 ,并能维持用户视觉的一致性 .本文结合虚拟实景空间的信息组织方式 ,分析了在虚拟实景环境中进行实时漫游需要解决的内存管理和线程同步与调度问题 ,设计实现了一种实时多线程漫游机制 .     

流媒体对象的缓存管理策略

基于流媒体服务的代理技术是流媒体研究领域中的重要课题.随着流媒体技术在Internet和无线网络环境中的高速发展,对流媒体代理服务器的研究也正在逐步深入.本文主要讨论通过代理技术改善媒体的服务质量,降低媒体的传输延迟以及减轻网络负载.在Internet环境下,对流媒体代理服务器的研究集中于流媒体的访问特性、缓存替换算法,构建和实现一个流媒体代理服务器是对流媒体代理技术研究的基础.     

Efficient data distribution in a Web server farm

High-performance Web sites rely on Web server `farms', hundreds of computers serving the same content, for scalability, reliability, and low-latency access to Internet content. Deploying these scalable farms typically requires the power of distributed or clustered file systems. Building Web server farms on file systems complements hierarchical proxy caching. Proxy caching replicates Web content throughout the Internet, thereby reducing latency from network delays and off-loading traffic from the primary servers. Web server farms scale resources at a single site, reducing latency from queuing delays. Both technologies are essential when building a high-performance infrastructure for content delivery. The authors present a cache consistency model and locking protocol customized for file systems that are used as scalable infrastructure for Web server farms. The protocol takes advantage of the Web's relaxed consistency semantics to reduce latencies and network overhead. Our hybrid approach preserves strong consistency for concurrent write sharing with time-based consistency and push caching for readers (Web servers). Using simulation, we compare our approach to the Andrew file system and the sequential consistency file system protocols we propose to replace     

A Scalable Web Server Architecture

This paper describes a scalable architecture for Web servers designed to cope with the ongoing increase of the Internet requirements. In the paper, first the drawbacks of the traditional Web server architecture are discussed, and the need for an innovative solution is described. The proposed design addresses two of the parameters that can dramatically impact the performance of Web servers: (1) the need for a powerful data management system to cope with the increase in the complexity of users' requests; and (2) an efficient caching mechanism to reduce the amount of redundant traffic. In this direction, a scalable solution based on distributed database technology to replace the file system is described, and performance test results of the system are provided. This architecture is further extended by a collaborative caching system that builds up an adaptive hierarchy of caches for Web servers, which allows them to keep up with the changes in the traffic generated by the applications they are running. Finally, some improvements to the proposed architecture are addressed.     

Demand-Driven Geometry Transmission for Distributed Virtual Environments

We present a strategy for rendering in distributed virtual environments. A geometry database is maintained by a server, while users invoke individual clients to interact with the environment. Instead of downloading a complete copy of the geometry data, the data is distributed on demand, thus gaining signifcant savings in network bandwidth. Our strategy combines several techniques, including levels of detail, progressive refinement and graceful degradation to deliver the data “just in time” over the network to the rendering process. The method allows operate on a tight resource budget, which important if attempting to use low cost systems for virtual reality applications.     

虚拟现实环境下的分布式服务器架构策略研究

虚拟现实环境下,数据实时性和系统稳定性的高要求对服务器架构的设计和优化提出了新的挑战。针对虚拟现实环境下海量数据存储效率的提升和系统性能的优化,提出了一种新的分布式服务器架构,该架构基于分布式协调框架ZooKeeper、分布式缓存架构Redis以及MongoDB分片机制,并改进一致性Hash算法来优化Redis缓存架构,同时优化MongoDB分片的负载均衡机制。经过相应的仿真验证,该架构在虚拟现实环境下具有有效性。     

开放型网络英语教学系统中流媒体QoS的研究

采用设置本地端缓冲服务器的方法提高流传榆质量．在开放型网络英语教学系统中应用流媒体提供QoS的管理功能,解决音视频流缓冲问题,并提供相应机制支持网络环境下的流媒体QoS。实验结果表明,流体系结构较好实现网络教学环境下的流媒体播放,保证音视频流的QoS。采用此流体系结构能较好地实现对流的管理和控制。从而保证多媒体课件的传输质量。     

在局域网上建立模拟的Internet系统

通过Web服务器、虚拟Web服务器、虚拟目录及PWS建立多个W eb站点,从而实现了在局域网上模拟Internet系统的建立。完成了用其进行的Internet教学 。仅需少量Internet帐号和电话线路,利用代理服务系统实现局域网与Internet的连接,传 输速度快,实验效果非常好。     

Peer Assisted Video Streaming With Supply-Demand-Based Cache Optimization

In this paper, we consider a hybrid P2P video on-demand architecture that utilizes both the server and the peer resources for efficient transmission of popular videos. In our system architecture, each peer dedicates some cache space to store a particular segment of a video file as well as some of its upload bandwidth to serve the cached segment to other peers. Peers join the system and issue a streaming request to a control server. Control server directs the peers to streaming servers or to other peers who have the desired video segments. Control server also decides which peer should cache which video segment. Our main contribution in this paper is to determine the proper caching strategies at peers such that we minimize the average load on the streaming servers.      

基于轻量级虚拟机的透明计算系统

基于虚拟机的透明计算系统MMNC-VX实现了未经修改的操作系统在透明计算环境中可按需加载,但其性能与同配置PC相比有较大差距。针对该问题,提出一种基于轻量级虚拟机的透明计算系统,仅虚拟网络设备,减少了由全虚拟化带来的开销,利用设备模型将用户操作系统的存储I/O请求重定向到服务器上处理,实现透明计算。经测试,原型系统性能与同配置PC基本相当,与MMNC-VX相比有较大提高。     

Qos-aware mobile service optimization in multi-access mobile edge computing environments

With the rapid development of mobile Internet technologies and various new service services such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), users’ demand for network quality of service (QoS) is getting higher and higher. To solve the problems of high load and low latency in-network services, this paper proposes a data caching strategy based on a multi-access mobile edge computing environment. Based on the MEC collaborative caching framework, an SDN controller is introduced into the MEC collaborative caching framework, a joint cache optimization mechanism based on data caching and computational migration is constructed, and the user-perceived time-lengthening problem in the data caching strategy is solved by a joint optimization algorithm based on an improved heuristic genetic algorithm and simulated annealing. Meanwhile, this paper proposes a multi-base station collaboration-based service optimization strategy to solve the problem of collaboration of computation and storage resources due to multiple mobile terminals and multiple smart base stations. For the problem that the application service demand in MEC server changes due to time, space, requests and other privacy, an application service optimization algorithm based on the Markov chain of service popularity is constructed, and a deep deterministic strategy (DDP) based on deep reinforcement learning is also used to minimize the average delay of computation tasks in the cluster while ensuring the energy consumption of MEC server, which improves the accuracy of application service cache updates in the system as well as reducing the complexity of service updates. The experimental results show that the proposed data caching algorithm weighs the cache space of user devices, the average transfer latency of acquiring data resources is effectively reduced, and the proposed service optimization algorithm can improve the quality of user experience.     

开放型网络英语教学系统中流媒体QoS的研究

采用设置本地端缓冲服务器的方法提高流传输质量,在开放型网络英语教学系统中应用流媒体提供QoS的管理功能,解决音视频流缓冲问题,并提供相应机制支持网络环境下的流媒体QoS。实验结果表明,流体系结构较好实现网络教学环境下的流媒体播放,保证音视频流的QoS。采用此流体系结构能较好地实现对流的管理和控制,从而保证多媒体课件的传输质量。     

农机监控调度系统的设计与实现

针对目前农机作业中信息发布滞后、农机资源调度不合理、效率低下等问题,提出一种基于地理信息系统(GIS)、通用分组无线业务(GPRS)及全球定位系统(GPS)技术的农机监控调度系统,运用GPRS数据传输技术和GIS组件MapObjects,实现农机作业信息的即时采集与监控调度。为满足实时计算的需要,采用A-Star寻路算法规划农机的调度路径。应用结果表明,该系统能有效管理和调度农机,提高作业效率。     

一种网络备份系统的数据高速缓存方法*

提出了一种网络备份系统的数据高速缓存方法,可用于本地数据带宽大于备份线路带宽的备份系统中,尤其是基于Internet的备份系统。该方法通过在本地服务器上部署高速缓存器来暂存服务器的变化数据,并在稍后通过备份线路将缓存的数据发送到远程服务器进行备份。     

局域网流媒体Caching代理服务器的实现

With the widespread use of streaming media application on the Internet, a significant change in Internet workload will be provoked.Caching is one kind of applied technique relatively for enhancing the scalability of streaming system and reducing the workload of server/network. We have utilized RTP/RTSP protocol, and implemented the prototype of streaming proxy caching based on LAN in visual C-t-t-environment with WINSOCK network interface. This system can play a role in decreasing server load, reducing the traffic from streaming server to proxy, and improving the Start-up latency of the client.     

Caching strategies in transcoding-enabled proxy systems for streaming media distribution networks

With the wide availability of high-speed network access, we are experiencing high quality streaming media delivery over the Internet. The emergence of ubiquitous computing enables mobile users to access the Internet with their laptops, PDAs, or even cell phones. When nomadic users connect to the network via wireless links or phone lines, high quality video transfer can be problematic due to long delay or size mismatch between the application display and the screen. Our proposed solution to this problem is to enable network proxies with the transcoding capability, and hence provide different, appropriate video quality to different network environment. The proxies in our transcoding-enabled caching (TeC) system perform transcoding as well as caching for efficient rich media delivery to heterogeneous network users. This design choice allows us to perform content adaptation at the network edges. We propose three different TeC caching strategies. We describe each algorithm and discuss its merits and shortcomings. We also study how the user access pattern affects the performance of TeC caching algorithms and compare them with other approaches. We evaluate TeC performance by conducting two types of simulation. Our first experiment uses synthesized traces while the other uses real traces derived from an enterprise media server logs. The results indicate that compared with the traditional network caches, with marginal transcoding load, TeC improves the cache effectiveness, decreases the user-perceived latency, and reduces the traffic between the proxy and the content origin server.     

面向P2P网络的渐进式三维场景更新策略

近年来网上大规模虚拟环境实时漫游已经成为WebGIS的新兴研究领域。为缓解用户终端极其有限的存储空间与海量场景之间的矛盾,设计了一种面向对等网的新型渐进式场景更新策略(PSRM)。在剔除场景前,节点通过分别计算场景文件对自身视点的“视觉保留度”、场景文件对自身兴趣区域(AOI)邻居的“潜在贡献度”及“物体重用度”,综合确定需要被剔除的场景,并按照逐渐降低场景分辨率的策略剔除旧有场景数据。仿真显示,PSRM在下载饱满度、基网格下载饱满度两个衡量漫游效果的重要指标上较现有系统有明显提升,同时能大幅降低漫游过程中的服务器端负载。     

Ray Differentials and Multiresolution Geometry Caching for Distribution Ray Tracing in Complex Scenes

When rendering only directly visible objects, ray tracing a few levels of specular reflection from large, low‐curvaturesurfaces, and ray tracing shadows from point‐like light sources, the accessed geometry is coherentand a geometry cache performs well. But in many other cases, the accessed geometry is incoherent and a standardgeometry cache performs poorly: ray tracing of specular reflection from highly curved surfaces, tracing rays thatare many reflection levels deep, and distribution ray tracing for wide glossy reflection, global illumination, widesoft shadows, and ambient occlusion. Fortunately, less geometric accuracy is necessary in the incoherent cases.This observation can be formalized by looking at the ray differentials for different types of scattering: coherentrays have small differentials, while incoherent rays have large differentials. We utilize this observation to obtainefficient multiresolution caching of geometry and textures (including displacement maps) for classic and distributionray tracing in complex scenes. We use an existing multiresolution caching scheme (originally developed forscanline rendering) for textures and displacement maps, and introduce a multiresolution geometry caching schemefor tessellated surfaces. The multiresolution geometry caching scheme makes it possible to efficiently render scenesthat, if fully tessellated, would use 100 times more memory than the geometry cache size.     

基于VRML技术建筑物漫游系统的研究

建筑物虚拟漫游技术在建筑设计、室内建筑装潢、房地产开发、游戏设计等方面具有非常广阔的应用前景。在研究虚拟漫游技术及相关三维图形理论的基础上开发了一套基于VRML的建筑物虚拟漫游系统。