太阳能热水器和天然气热水器联合供热系统

太阳能热水器和燃气热水器联合供热系统,可解决太阳能热水器冬季无法使用的问题。以家庭为单位分析比较了燃气热水器、电热水器和联合供热系统的能耗及经济性,发现联合供热系统节能效果明显,经济效益显著,具有较高的推广价值。     

太阳能与燃气热水器联合供热水系统在村镇中的应用

对上海地区村镇建筑目前采用的生活热水供应形式进行分析,采用调研与实际应用结合的方法进行研究。洗浴主要方式中太阳能热水器占了55.6%,燃气热水器和电热水器都约为30%,但很少采用复合式功能系统。结合用能形式与资源条件提出太阳能与燃气热水器联合供生活热水系统,对系统设计与控制方面提出了相应的措施,并对其技术和经济性进行分析。太阳能热水器和燃气热水器联合使用与单独采用燃气热水器相比节能率约为60%,节约运行费用约62%。     

直膨式太阳能热泵热水器及其热经济性分析

介绍了直膨式太阳能辅助热泵热水器(DX-SAHPWH)的基本结构和工作原理.计算了直膨式太阳能辅助热泵热水器、空气源热泵热水器、太阳能热水器、电热水器和燃气热水器的运行能耗.分析了直膨式太阳能辅助热泵热水器的市场潜力、经济性以及社会效益.几种热水器比较结果表明,直膨式太阳能辅助热泵热水器能耗最小,运行费仅为电热水器的1/3,燃气热水器的1/2,空气源热泵热水器的415;与电热水器相比,使用直膨式太阳能辅助热泵热水器,户均年运行费可减少约1500元,2年左右即可回收额外的初投资.直膨式太阳能辅助热泵热水器与空气源热泵热水器的市场价格相当.由于其节能、环保、安全等,自身优势明显,预期该热水器应用前景广阔.     

快速燃气热水器实现热水零等待的实践探索

通过对本身没有热水循环系统的快速燃气热水器进行方案设计,在增加循环管、循环泵、缓冲水箱、点加热装置、电动三通阀、单向阀、控制器等部件的基础上,实现了既减少了燃气热水器的点火频率,又满足了用户对生活热水即开即用"零等待"的需求。     

供热系统烟气余热及循环水余热回收方案设计

文中通过对京郊地区某燃气—蒸汽联合循环热电联产机组的供热系统优化设计,对余热锅炉尾气和循环水余热进行回收,用来加热热网回水,实现了低品质热量的再利用,有效地实现电厂的经济效益与节能减排.     

国内太阳能热水器市场分析

1前言在各级政府的重视下,太阳能的科研、生产和理论研究不断得到了加强和发展。太阳能热水器能可靠、方便地为居民的家庭生活提供热水,并以它的节能和无污染等优点受到越来越多用户的欢迎。据统计,山东省1997年末累计已有太阳能热水器151．86万m2,太阳房15．48万m2,太阳能温室2.1万m2,塑料大棚15．2万hm2,并一直保持高速发展的势头。2太阳能热水器同电、燃气热水器的对比现代工业提供了丰富多彩的产品,几种完全不同的产品往往可以殊途同归。太阳能热水器、电热水器、燃气热水器都可以解决洗浴用热水的问题。但是,三者在使用方便、…     

结合燃气加热的家庭太阳能热水系统水力工况

针对目前热水器在家庭的广泛应用，从节能和经济性角度提出了燃气热水器和太阳能热水器相结合的管道连接方式，通过水压图，结合在不同水压下的工作条件分析了系统的水力工况和使用方法。     

方兴未艾的空气源热泵热水器

空气源热泵热水器,也被称为空气能热水器,是一种高效、节能的热水器,在日本及欧美一些国家的普及率高达70%～80%。但是,目前我国空气能热水器还处于"叫好不叫座"的尴尬境地,市场占有率远远落后于燃气热水器、电热水器和太阳能热水器,仅占5%左右。2012年6月,国家发展改革委、财务部和工信部公布了《节能产品惠民工程高效节能空     

几种热水器的经济性对比分析

介绍了燃气、电、太阳能、空气能热水器的特点、价格和运行成本,通过分析4种热水器产品的年化成本发现,在德州市,一体式太阳能热水器最经济,电热水器的年化成本最高,分体式太阳能热水器与燃气热水器的年化成本接近;在上海市,一体式太阳能热水器的年化成本最低,在科学使用谷电的情况下,电热水器的年化成本可大幅降低,空气能热水器在大流量用水环境里具有优势。     

关于多能源热水器的探讨

通过对太阳能与热泵、太阳能与燃气、太阳能与电热组合的多能源热水器的组成、运行原理等详细阐述,及其经济及环保效益进行分析,探讨多能源组合在家用热水系统领域当中的应用。通过对比分析阐明多能源热水器不仅能产生巨大的经济效益,而且还能为节能减排作出重要贡献。     

家用太阳热水器与太阳热水系统的技术经济比较

分析了户用太阳热水器和太阳热水系统工程的经济技术特点,对两者成本构成、项目财务净现值、投入回收期和财务内部收益率等有关指标进行了经济技术比较.分析比较表明,太阳热水系统与家用热水器相比,节省安装占地,与建筑相结合得好,在降低成本,缩短投资回收期,提高经济效益方面有明显的优势.     

分体式家用太阳热水器

指出了传统太阳热水器存在的一些问题,为克服太阳热水器在高层建筑应用中受到的限制,研制了 一种靠重力循环的分体式家用太阳热水器。在冬季,用集中供暖系统中的热水为辅助热源加热蓄热水箱中的 水,以解决仅利用太阳能加热供水温度太低的问题,与利用辅助电加热相比,可降低运行费用。     

Exergetic analysis of solar concentrator aided natural gas fired combined cycle power plant

This article deals with comparative energy and exergetic analysis for evaluation of natural gas fired combined cycle power plant and solar concentrator aided (feed water heating and low pressure steam generation options) natural gas fired combined cycle power plant. Heat Transfer analysis of Linear Fresnel reflecting solar concentrator (LFRSC) is used to predict the effect of focal distance and width of reflector upon the reflecting surface area. Performance analysis of LFRSC with energetic and exergetic methods and the effect, of concentration ratio and inlet temperature of the fluid is carried out to determine, overall heat loss coefficient of the circular evacuated tube absorber at different receiver temperatures. An instantaneous increase in power generation capacity of about 10% is observed by substituting solar thermal energy for feed water heater and low pressure steam generation. It is observed that the utilization of solar energy for feed water heating and low pressure steam generation is more effective based on exergetic analysis rather than energetic analysis. Furthermore, for a solar aided feed water heating and low pressure steam generation, it is found that the land area requirement is 7 ha/MW for large scale solar thermal storage system to run the plant for 24 h.     

基于能量梯级利用的太阳能冷热联供系统

从能量梯级利用的角度出发，提出了一种新型太阳能冷热联供复合系统。该复合系统可根据太阳辐射强度在不同的季节分别用作单一的太阳能热水器、热泵热水器或太阳能吸附式冷热联供复合系统。建立了相应的数学模型，计算了该系统在不同季节各种典型工况下的性能指标。计算结果表明，该系统不仅可实现冷热联供的双重功能，而且具有较大的节能潜力。     

Solar-assisted gas-energy water-heating feasibility for apartments

Studies of residential energy use, solar-energy technology for building, and the requirements for implementing technology in the housing industry led to a project to develop a solar water heater for apartments. A design study for a specific apartment was used to establish a solar water-heater cost model which is based on plumbing contractor bids and manufacturer estimates.The cost model was used to size the system to minimize the annualized cost of hot water. The annualized cost of solar-assisted gas-energy water heating is found to be less expensive than electric water heating but more expensive than gas water heating. The feasibility of a natural gas utility supplying the auxiliary fuel is evaluated. It is estimated that gas-utilizing companies will find it profitable to offer solar water heating as part of a total energy service option or on a lease basis when the price of new base-load supplies of natural gas reaches $2·50–$3·00 per 10⁶ Btu.     

New test method for gas boosters with domestic solar water heaters

This paper describes a new test method for determining the annual energy consumption of a domestic solar water heater incorporating an in-series gas booster on the outlet of the storage vessel to provide auxiliary heating. The test method accounts for the variation in performance of the gas booster as its incoming water temperature and flow rate varies. Systems incorporating both standard and condensing gas instantaneous water heaters are evaluated. An experimental method was developed to characterize the steady-state performance of the gas booster and the resulting performance equation incorporated in a TRNSYS model of the solar water heater to assess gas consumption. Using this method, annual gas consumption is found to be 15% higher than calculated by a current standard where gas booster efficiency is held constant regardless of water flow rate or temperature. The condensing gas booster tested was found to maintain a significant performance advantage over the non-condensing model over a range of solar water heaters.     

太阳热水系统节能量计算方法探讨

针对太阳辐照量、用户热水用量随时间段变化的情况,提出了分时间段计算的用户全年热水需能量、太阳热水系统年产能量计算公式及太阳热水系统年节能量与节能率的计算公式,还提出了用太阳热水系统利用率来优化太阳热水系统的设计方法,有助于设计一个合理、高效的太阳热水系统,提高太阳热水系统的利用率及减少投资回收期.该计算方法也可供其他可...     

太阳能建筑光热应用国内外对比研究

反映太阳能建筑光热应用状况最直接指标是太阳热水器的各类数据,介绍以太阳能建筑热利用重要产品代表太阳热水器为研究对象,对比国内外太阳能建筑光热应用状况,并对我国太阳能建筑热利用状况得出结论。     

Research on a combined adsorption heating and cooling system

A combined cycle capable of heating and adsorption refrigeration is proposed, and the experimental prototype has been installed. The system consists of a heater, a water bath, an activated carbon–methanol adsorption bed and a ice box. This system has been tested with electric heating, and has been found that with 61 MJ heating, the 120 kg water in the bath can be heated up from 22 to 92 °C meanwhile 9 kg ice of −1.5 °C is made. The calculated COP_system is 0.0591 and COP_cycle is 0.41. After reconstruction to a real hybrid household water heater–refrigerator, when 55 MJ heating is added to 120 kg 21 °C water, and the condensing temperature is controlled at about 30 °C, the result is the 4 kg water contained inside the methanol refrigerant evaporator was iced to −2 °C, the cooling capacity of the ice and the refrigerant in the evaporator will maintain the 100 l cold box for about three days below 5 °C. The experiments show the potentials of the application of the solar powered hybrid water heater and refrigerator. Theoretical simulation has been done, which is in good agreement with experimental results. This research shows that the hybrid solar water heating and ice making is reasonable, and the combined cycle of heating and cooling is meaningful for real applications of adsorption systems.     

热网加热器设计研究

热网加热器是热力系统供热机组的重要组成部分,它是利用汽轮机的抽汽、减温减压的锅炉蒸汽或其它热源来加热热力系统中的网路回水和工业生产等用热水网路回水的加热设备。文中介绍热网加热器的主要结构选型设计、性能及参数、设计计算方法及设计要点,同时还介绍了热网加热器所配备的附件。