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2008年,即便国际金融危机席卷全球,中国经济依然快速发展,高歌猛进。但在经济快速发展的背后,却萌生了一系列问题:喝杯牛奶中毒了,睡个午觉楼倒了,坐趟高铁追尾了,买个家具甲醛超标了……一系列的安全事故,加深了人们对生活环境的担忧。 相似文献
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提出了一种催化氧化酸浸硫化铜矿的湿法冶炼方法。采用纯氧作氧化剂,找到了一种新型催化剂,降低了反应温度,缩短了反应时间,在密闭条件下,通过两步反应,利用中间脱硫方法,解决硫磺包膜阻碍反应速度问题,最终制得海绵铜,副产硫酸亚铁及硫磺(在得到硫磺的基础上进而制备硫化钠)。考察了反应温度、固体质量与液体体积之比、氯离子浓度、反应时间对铜浸出率的影响。研究结果表明,在适宜的工艺条件下,铜的浸出率达到了98%以上。采用闭路循环,充分利用了资源,并且克服了火法炼铜中副产二氧化硫污染环境的缺点,污染小,体现了环保意识,为硫化铜矿的湿法冶炼开辟了一条新途径。 相似文献
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针对三元复合驱井随着开采时间的延长,抽油泵,抽油杆,管线以及储层中易出现大量结垢,严重影响抽采效率的问题,本文分析了三元驱井堵塞的原因,结合压裂解堵工艺原理,通过将三元清垢解堵与压裂造缝技术相结合,实现了清“旧”垢,造“新”缝,达到了高效解堵的目的,形成了一套压裂清垢复合解堵技术,取得了较好的应用效果,促进了三元复合驱井的增产增效。 相似文献
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鉴于新型锌合金的硅含量,可高于常见锌合金的10倍,在用光度法测硅前,对单硅酸的聚合性问题,进行了理论分析,并作了试验验证。结果表明,新型锌合金在测定条件下,单硅酸不聚合,所配制的一系列测硅检量液可隔夜使用,这既保证了测硅的准确度,又简化了操作,提高了分析速度,节约了药品。 相似文献
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哈尔滨华尔化工有限公司为满足新上项目层状偏硅酸钠的需要,2006年10月将烧碱生产能力扩大1万t/a,总能力达到了5万t/a。为确保蒸发装置稳定运行,提高烧碱产量和质量,对蒸发系统进行了改造,实现了自动控制,稳定了效体液位,提高了蒸发效率,减轻了操作人员的劳动强度,降低了蒸汽消耗。 相似文献
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利用DCS控制系统及智能变送器,取代了原来的就地气动控制系统,解决了原系统存在的问题,提高了生产的稳定性,减少了维护人员的工作量,大大提高了工作效率,保证了醋酸异丙脂的萃取。 相似文献
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茶皂素单乙醇酰胺琥珀酸单酯硫酸钠乳化剂合成与性能研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以茶皂素为原料,依次与单乙醇胺、顺丁烯二酸酐反应,制备茶皂素单乙醇酰胺琥珀酸,再与亚硫酸氢钠进行磺化反应,合成了一种新型表面活性剂茶皂素单乙醇酰胺琥珀酸单酯硫酸钠。考察了磺化一步的温度、原料配比、反应时间等因素对新合成表面活性剂表面张力的影响。结果表明,该新型表面活性剂同时具有阴离子及非离子型表面活性剂的优点,HLB值为19.06,表面张力低于茶皂素,起泡力及稳泡性优于茶皂素。适宜的磺化工艺为:温度80℃,茶皂素单乙醇酰胺琥珀酸与亚硫酸氢钠摩尔比1∶1,反应时间2.5 h。在此条件下合成的产品的表面张力、起泡高度及稳泡高度分别为39.61 mN/m,3.02 mL,1.41 mL。 相似文献
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A Contribution to the Thin-Layer Chromatography of Anionic Surfactants Anionic surfactants and some nonionic surfactants are chromatographed on silica gel plates with tetrahydrofuran + acetone (1 + 9 v/v) as solvent, sprayed with a solution of pinacryptol yellow and examinated under ultraviolet light at 366 nm. The surfactants appear as coloured fluorescent spots on a pale blue background. The relative air humidity has a major influence, i. e. the water content of the silica gel layer, which can be fixed by preconditioning of the plate by the vapour of the solvent. A complete separation of alkane-/olefinesulfonate, cumene/xylene-/toluenesulfonate, alkylbenzenesulfonate, α-sulfofatty acid methylester, fatty alcohol sulfate, fatty alcohol ether sulfate, fatty acid diethanolamide, fatty acid monoethanolamide and soap can be attained. Thin-layer chromatograms of a range of mixtures fatty alcohol sulfate/fatty alcohol ether sulfate and several fatty alcohol ether sulfates with increasing content of ethylen oxide are discussed. 相似文献
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Kotte Kamalakar Tenneti Satyavani Yarra Mohini Rachapudi B. N. Prasad Mallampalli S. L. Karuna 《Journal of surfactants and detergents》2014,17(4):637-645
The study involved the preparation and evaluation of anionic surfactants from non-edible oil based thumba (containing unsaturated-rich fatty acids, 80.9 %), castor (containing ricinoleic acid, a hydroxy fatty acid 89.3 %) and sal (containing saturated-rich fatty acids, 56.5 %). The oils extracted from these seeds (using Soxhlet) were reacted with monoethanolamine and diethanolamine to get corresponding fatty mono- and diethanolamides. The ethanolamides were sulfated using chlorosulfonic acid and the sulfated sodium salts were evaluated for surfactant properties namely surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), emulsifying property, wetting, foaming power and calcium tolerance. The properties were compared with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) a well known anionic surfactant. Among the different sulfated sodium salts of ethanolamides, thumba showed superior surfactant properties compared to castor and sal. Sulfated sodium salt of thumba monoethanolamide showed better properties (CMC, 0.035 mmol/L, surface tension 30.2 mN/m and calcium tolerance >1,000 ml, 0.5 % calcium acetate solution) compared to sulfated sodium salts of thumba diethanolamides, followed by sulfated sodium salts of castor monoethanolamide (CMC 0.037 mmol/L, surface tension 35.3 mN/m and calcium tolerance >1,000 ml, 0.5 % calcium acetate solution). Sal being saturated rich was not properly soluble in water and showed poor surfactant properties compared to the other two. Also the sulfated sodium salts of thumba and castor ethanolamides exhibited superior properties compared to SDS. 相似文献
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William J. DeWitt 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1972,49(6):361-365
Single carbon number olefins derived from Ziegler technology were sulfonated in a continuous fallingfilm SO3 reactor. The resulting alpha olefin sulfonate (AOS) was evaluated in a dishwashing test at several water hardnesses. Statistical
analysis of the data led to the selection of compositions suitable for hand dishwash applications. AOS, prepared by sulfonating
a blend of C14 and C16 olefins, was evaluated for hand dishwashing efficiency in a ternary mixture consisting of AOS, an alcohol ether sulfate and
monoethanolamide. Regression equations calculated from the data permit the prediction of performance levels for all practical
combinations of the three ingredients. The effect of unreacted olefin on AOS dishwash performance was also determined. With
a binary blend of AOS and monoethanolamide it was shown that up to 5% free oil (based on AOS active) could be tolerated without
significant deleterious effect. 相似文献
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以椰子油单乙醇酰胺、环氧丙烷为原料,进行开环聚合反应合成椰子油单乙醇酰胺丙氧基醚,考察了椰子油单乙醇酰胺丙氧基醚合成的条件,实验表明,在催化剂氢氧化钾用量为反应物总物质的量的0.5%,反应物椰子油单乙醇酰胺与环氧丙烷物质的量比为1:2,反应温度145℃,反应时间3h的条件下,环氧丙烷的转化率可达99.9%。经测试,椰子油单乙醇酰胺丙氧基醚与椰子油单乙醇酰胺的稳泡性能相近,具有黏度低,水溶性好的特点。 相似文献
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单乙醇脂肪酰胺的合合成及性能 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
以辛酸,癸酸,月桂酸,肉豆蔻酸,棕榈酸,硬胆酸和油酸为原料分别与单乙醇胺反应,合成了一系列单乙醇脂肪酰胺,上述产品经重结晶提纯后,测定了系列单乙醇脂肪酰胺对w(AES)=10%和w(Ninol)=3%等表面活性剂水溶液体系的增稠,泡沫性能和珠光效果,研究表明,各种意志乙醇脂肪酰胺可以分别用异丙醇,水,丙酮和石油醚重结晶,单乙醇脂肪酰胺为白色片状晶体,C12-C18的单乙醇脂肪酰胺有较好的增稠性能,其中单乙醇油酰胺最好,单乙醇月桂酰胺对体系发泡与稳泡有明显的促进作用,单乙醇硬脂酰胺在体系中有很好的珠光效果。 相似文献
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疏水缔合型聚丙烯酰胺共聚物在水处理中的应用 总被引:15,自引:1,他引:14
通过丙烯酰胺 (AM)、丙烯酸 (AA)与甲基丙烯酰氧乙基二甲基辛基溴化铵 (ADMOAB)共聚 ,合成了疏水缔合型聚丙烯酰胺 (HAPAM)。研究了HAPAM对造纸废水CODcr去除率和污泥的絮凝脱水的影响。实验结果表明 :当pH为 6 ,质量分数为 0 1%的HAPAM - 8用量为 2 5mL/L ,质量分数为 10 %的硫酸铝用量 5mL/L ,常温振荡 10min ,CODcr去除率达 74 1%以上。当HAPAM- 8用量为 0 6 % (相对于污泥中固体成分 ) ,质量分数为 10 %硫酸铝用量 2 0mL/L ,对污泥絮凝脱水处理后 ,滤饼含水率下降为 6 7 71%。 相似文献
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脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺硫酸酯盐的物化性能 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
用滴体积法测定了纯化脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺硫酸酯盐(MSN)系列产品水溶液的表面张力,发现当MSN疏水基碳数(n)由10增至16时,其表面过剩浓度(Γm)由2.37×10-6mol/m2增至2.88×10-6mol/m2,临界表面张力(γCMC)由28.79 mN/m降至23.86 mN/m,降低表面张力20 mN/m所需浓度的负对数(pC20)由3.53升为5.54,临界胶束浓度(CMC)由1.40×10-3mol/L降为0.52×10-3mol/L。在所测定的温度(25℃)下,logCMC=-2.13-0.07n;在胶束化过程中,TΔS0m ic对ΔG0m ic的贡献比ΔH0m ic大,MSN胶束化的主要驱动力是熵变。 相似文献