Optimization of the block diagram of the reforming feedstock preparation subsystem

The causes of inefficient operation of the section 100 feed and heat recovery subsystem of the L 35-11/1000 catalytic reforming unit are investigated. A method for optimizing the block diagram of the subsystem which increases the degree of heat recovery and efficiency of the unit is proposed.Vostokneftezavodmontazh Planning Institute.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 16 – 18, January – February, 2005.     

Revamping of the 1A/1M Cat Cracker. Increasing Output by 40%

Revamping of the 1A/1M cat cracker with introduction of new technologies and equipment units is described: feedstock and sludge nozzles, single–stage reactor cyclones, two–stage catalyst stripping, air– and steam–distributing devices, and two–stage regenerator cyclones. The output of the unit increased by 40%, and the yield and octane characteristics of the naphtha cut increased as a result, and grounds were created for converting the unit to a two–year operating cycle between repairs.     

Domestic Hydrotreating Units. Status and Modernization Methods

Data on use of domestic hydrotreating units are generalized. Ways of enhancing operation of the units to improve their technical and economic indexes are indicated. The results of operation of the L-24-6 unit at Angarsk Petrochemical Co. on AGKD-205A catalyst for manufacture of diesel fuel with a sulfur content of less than 0.05% are reported.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 15 – 17, May – June, 2005.     

Modernizing Cat Cracker Reactor Block Units on the G-43-107M/1

Modernization of cat cracker reactor block equipment in the G-43-107M/1 combined unit, which significantly increases the unit’s efficiency and reliability, is described.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 12 – 14, May – June, 2005.     

Optimization of the composition of oil and gas condensate mixtures for primary refining

A simple method of calculating the optimum composition of oil and gas condensate feedstock with the easily determined physicochemical properties of its components and standardized performance properties of petroleum products is examined.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 37 – 39, January – February, 2005.     

Production of paving asphalts from high-wax crude oils

High-quality BND 40/60 and BND 60/90 asphalts were made from high-wax Kotur-Tepe crudes with additives — heavy catalytic gasoil, hard asphalt from propane deasphalting, and extracts from selective treatment of oil feedstock — were manufactured in pilot conditions. Production of such asphalts by direct oxidation of vacuum resid is not possible. Optimum feedstock compositions are proposed.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 23 – 26, November– December, 2004     

A two-tower scheme for selective treatment of lube oil feedstock

The high efficiency of the two-tower scheme for treatment of I-20 and I-40 lube distillates with phenol and furfural and deasphalting product from mixed Baku waxy crude oils is demonstrated. In treatment with this scheme, it is possible to reduce consumption of furfural: by 2.4 times for I-20 lube oil distillate and by 2 times for I-40 lube oil and deasphalting product. A small increase in the yield of raffinates and dewaxed lube oils is also observed. During dewaxing, the rate of filtration of a cooled solution of raffinates obtained with the two-tower scheme is 1.53–1.7 times higher than for the one-tower scheme. For this reason, the number of vacuum filters in the unit can be decreased.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 22 – 24, January – February, 2005.     

Stabilization of crude oil in hydrocyclones with treatment of casing-head gas to remove hydrogen sulfide

A method is proposed for stabilization of crude oil and condensate in hydrocyclones to create closed systems for exhaustive preparation of feedstock. Hydrocyclones are small, simple in layout, and highly efficient units that allow enhancing operation of the primary crude oil preparation system and equipping units in block-aggregate layout. Pilot-industrial tests of crude stabilization processes using centrifugal forces and preparation of gas to remove hydrogen sulfide demonstrate the possibility of industrial introduction of the new technology.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 12 – 15, January – February, 2005.     

Alkylation of Benzene with Propylene in the Presence of Organometallic Siloxane

The characteristics of alkylation of benzene by propylene in the presence of 1-chloro-3,3,5,5-tetramethylcycloaluminodisiloxane soluble in liquid benzene at 110 and 130°C and benzene: propylene ratios of 3:1 and 5:1 (molar) were investigated. The high activity of the investigated catalyst is demonstrated.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 39 –41, May – June, 2005.     

Effectiveness of introducing a hydropurification process into the flow sheet for the production of lubricating oils

Conclusions In comparison with contact purification, the process of the hydropurification of oils is characterized by better technical and economic indices and a better quality of the basic oils obtained.The yearly saving in the operation of type G-24 unit, calculated on the basis of actual plant data, is 455 thousand rubles for Refinery I and 500 thousand rubles for Refinery II.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 32–34, March, 1972.     

Organochlorosilanes as catalysts of alkylation of benzene by propylene

The orders of the catalytic activity of methyl- and ethylchlorosilanes in alkylation of benzene by propylene in an autoclave are established.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 44 – 46, January – February, 2005.     

Group composition and properties of petroleum wax fractions

The group chemical composition and physicomechanical properties of petroleum wax fractions are investigated. The mechanism of their change with an increase in the average distillation temperature is determined.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 47 – 48, January – February, 2005.     

Interrelation of hydrogenation catalyst quality and the materials of construction in catalyst manufacturing equipment

Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 37–38, March–April, 1946.     

Crude oil from the Chirag field

The crude oil from a promising new offshore field in Azerbaidzhan — Chirag — is light, low-sulfur, low-resin, and waxy. Its naphtha cuts are characterized by low octane numbers. They can be used as components of automotive gasolines. Brand KO-20 lamp kerosene can be obtained from light kerosene cuts. Catalytic dewaxing must be conducted on the 150–280°C cut to manufacture jet fuel. The diesel cuts are favorable feedstock for manufacturing summer diesel fuel. The potential content of base oils with a viscosity index of 75–89 is 24.64 wt. % in crude oil.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 35–38, November–December, 2004.     

Composite additive for GShZ gas condensate diesel fuel

K-1 composite additive to bring the quality of GShZ diesel fuel (DF) to the level of the requirements in GOST 305-82 for DF Z-45 and consequently to expand the area of its use was developed from domestic feedstock.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 35 – 36, January – February, 2005.     

Increasing the Quality of Furnace Residual Fuel Oils. Extraction Treatment with N-methylpyrrolidone

Atmospheric resid was treated with N-methylpyrrolidone in the presence of the undecane fraction at mass ratios to the feedstock of 3:1 and 0.5:1 with preliminary light deasphalting with and without pentane. As a result, the sulfur content in the atmospheric resid decreases by four times and the carbon residue decreases by two times. N-Methylpyrrolidone forms an azeotrope with undecane with a boiling point of 179°C, i.e., 25° lower than for the extracting agent. This allows decreasing the degree of its decomposition in regeneration and corrosion of the equipment.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 3 – 9, July – August, 2005.     

Expanding Feedstock Resources for Manufacture of Vaseline

An alternative to petrolatum in feedstock for manufacture of medicinal Vaseline from Azerbaidzhan crudes was sought. The feedstock, adsorbent, and processing conditions selected increase the yield of Vaseline from 35–40 to 70–75% while reducing formation of difficult to use wastes.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 18 – 19, May – June, 2005.     

A Composite Additive for “Heavy” Gas-Condensate Diesel Fuel

A composite additive that decreases the cloud and solid points of GShZ gas-condensate diesel fuel, stable condensate “heavy” bottoms, to the values required by GOST 305–82 for grade “3– 45” petroleum diesel fuel, was developed from domestic feedstock. This significantly improves the performance properties of gas-condensate diesel fuel.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 26 – 28, July – August, 2005.     

Calculation of Fuel Viscosity in the Linear Programming Model

Use of the standard tools in the modeling system with conversion of the viscosity values at the measurement temperature to the values at 50°C is recommended for representing the viscosity of middle-distillate and residual fuels in the linear programming model.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 51 – 52, July – August, 2005.     

High-capacity atmospheric-vacuum crude distillation unit

Conclusions The atmospheric section of a large combination atmospheric-vacuum crude oil distillation unit has been put into service.In the unit, wide use is made of air-cooled condensers, valve-type fractionating trays, new automatic control instruments, and other equipment that has demonstrated reliability in service and has ensured successful operation of the unit.During the startup and adjustment of conditions, the design capacity was exceeded by 11.6% on the average, without introducing any changes or additions to the process scheme of the basic equipment.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 9, pp. 37–39, September, 1972.